Effect of ocean gateway changes under
... Process studies using ocean general circulation models have attempted to demonstrate the thermal isolation of Antarctica by applying a small land bridge between Antarctica and South America in present day (Mikolajewicz et al. 1993; Nong et al. 2000; Sijp and England 2004, 2005) or idealized (Toggwei ...
... Process studies using ocean general circulation models have attempted to demonstrate the thermal isolation of Antarctica by applying a small land bridge between Antarctica and South America in present day (Mikolajewicz et al. 1993; Nong et al. 2000; Sijp and England 2004, 2005) or idealized (Toggwei ...
Transport of North Sea cod larvae into the Skagerrak coastal populations
... Because the level of genetic differentiation in Atlantic cod is low, we used multiple approaches to investigate spatial and temporal genetic structure. First, differentiation among locations was quantified by FST (using the estimator of Weir & Cockerham (1984)) and tested for allele-frequency hete ...
... Because the level of genetic differentiation in Atlantic cod is low, we used multiple approaches to investigate spatial and temporal genetic structure. First, differentiation among locations was quantified by FST (using the estimator of Weir & Cockerham (1984)) and tested for allele-frequency hete ...
Vanishing Polar Ice Sheets
... has increased from 280 ppm in the pre-industrial times to 390 ppm in early 2010. Earth’s atmosphere last had such concentrations ~3 million years ago when geochemical measurements indicate global surface temperature was ~3◦ C warmer than today, and global sea-level was ~25±5 m higher. This implies t ...
... has increased from 280 ppm in the pre-industrial times to 390 ppm in early 2010. Earth’s atmosphere last had such concentrations ~3 million years ago when geochemical measurements indicate global surface temperature was ~3◦ C warmer than today, and global sea-level was ~25±5 m higher. This implies t ...
Temperature and precipitation history of the Arctic
... in the winter and so are less influenced by winter climate. For example, evidence of boreal forest vegetation is interpreted to reflect warmer growing seasons than would evidence of tundradand the general position of northern treeline today approximates the location of the July 10 C isotherm. Indica ...
... in the winter and so are less influenced by winter climate. For example, evidence of boreal forest vegetation is interpreted to reflect warmer growing seasons than would evidence of tundradand the general position of northern treeline today approximates the location of the July 10 C isotherm. Indica ...
Fish, Mollusks and other Sea Animals` use of Sound, and the Impact of
... People are quite familiar with the sounds of whales and dolphins. It is not the purpose of this report to reiterate this common knowledge. Suffice it to say that it is generally known that cetaceans communicate and navigate with sounds. It is also fairly common knowledge that dolphins and porpoises ...
... People are quite familiar with the sounds of whales and dolphins. It is not the purpose of this report to reiterate this common knowledge. Suffice it to say that it is generally known that cetaceans communicate and navigate with sounds. It is also fairly common knowledge that dolphins and porpoises ...
Arctic Paleoclimate Synthesis Thematic Papers
... in the winter and so are less influenced by winter climate. For example, evidence of boreal forest vegetation is interpreted to reflect warmer growing seasons than would evidence of tundradand the general position of northern treeline today approximates the location of the July 10 C isotherm. Indica ...
... in the winter and so are less influenced by winter climate. For example, evidence of boreal forest vegetation is interpreted to reflect warmer growing seasons than would evidence of tundradand the general position of northern treeline today approximates the location of the July 10 C isotherm. Indica ...
on circulation, phosphate-phosphorus content, and zooplankton
... and of warm water poleward in the western boundary currents). The gyres are relatively narrow zonal features, and therefore the temperature variation within each gyre is small compared with the differences between adjacent gyres. Each of the gyres also acts in a way to hold a substantial part of the ...
... and of warm water poleward in the western boundary currents). The gyres are relatively narrow zonal features, and therefore the temperature variation within each gyre is small compared with the differences between adjacent gyres. Each of the gyres also acts in a way to hold a substantial part of the ...
An off-axis hydrothermal vent field near the Mid
... Evidence is growing that hydrothermal venting occurs not only along mid-ocean ridges but also on old regions of the oceanic crust away from spreading centres. Here we report the discovery of an extensive hydrothermal ®eld at 308 N near the eastern intersection of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Atlan ...
... Evidence is growing that hydrothermal venting occurs not only along mid-ocean ridges but also on old regions of the oceanic crust away from spreading centres. Here we report the discovery of an extensive hydrothermal ®eld at 308 N near the eastern intersection of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Atlan ...
Blue natural capital:towards a new economy
... The spread of opportunistic, often invasive, species carried by vessels from one part of the world to another are causing major and potentially irreversible changes in marine ecosystems. ...
... The spread of opportunistic, often invasive, species carried by vessels from one part of the world to another are causing major and potentially irreversible changes in marine ecosystems. ...
Calcium isotopic composition of high-latitude
... salinity changes in response to the Pliocene closure of the Central American Gateway (Gussone et al., 2004). Contrary to the latter findings, several studies have reported a small response of Ca isotopic composition to temperature. Gussone et al. (2003) and Griffith et al. (2008) exhibited a small t ...
... salinity changes in response to the Pliocene closure of the Central American Gateway (Gussone et al., 2004). Contrary to the latter findings, several studies have reported a small response of Ca isotopic composition to temperature. Gussone et al. (2003) and Griffith et al. (2008) exhibited a small t ...
the PDF - Expand Papahānaumokuākea Marine National
... Populations of seabirds, turtles, whales, predators such as sharks and tuna, and bottom life associated with seamounts and hydrothermal vents would benefit from the expansion. Marine protected areas are most effective when they are large, remote, strongly protected, protected for a long time, and en ...
... Populations of seabirds, turtles, whales, predators such as sharks and tuna, and bottom life associated with seamounts and hydrothermal vents would benefit from the expansion. Marine protected areas are most effective when they are large, remote, strongly protected, protected for a long time, and en ...
Foraminiferal assemblages on the Antarctic shelf are often
... the shelf (depths <1000 m); 9 of the 13 species occurring in Antarctic and adjacent southern temperate regions have a similar depth distribution. In contrast, the majority (~79%) of species with wide ranges extending from the Antarctic to parts of the Pacific beyond the S. temperate zone are confine ...
... the shelf (depths <1000 m); 9 of the 13 species occurring in Antarctic and adjacent southern temperate regions have a similar depth distribution. In contrast, the majority (~79%) of species with wide ranges extending from the Antarctic to parts of the Pacific beyond the S. temperate zone are confine ...
The Submarine Volcano Eruption off El Hierro Island: Effects on the
... with corresponding latitude-longitude SSR from satellite imagery and spatially coincident profiles of dissolved oxygen. The acoustic measuring unit was the Volume Backscattering Strength (Sv , units: dB re 1 m{1 ) and the minimum detection threshold was set at 2 80 dB. Acoustic, satellite and hydrog ...
... with corresponding latitude-longitude SSR from satellite imagery and spatially coincident profiles of dissolved oxygen. The acoustic measuring unit was the Volume Backscattering Strength (Sv , units: dB re 1 m{1 ) and the minimum detection threshold was set at 2 80 dB. Acoustic, satellite and hydrog ...
project summary
... nearshore areas with higher temperatures, higher turbidity, and lower salinities to deeper, offshore areas with colder, more saline, and less turbid waters. Bottom depth, temperature, salinity, Secchi depth, and distance from shore are all Sockeye salmon at the end of their upriver spawning migratio ...
... nearshore areas with higher temperatures, higher turbidity, and lower salinities to deeper, offshore areas with colder, more saline, and less turbid waters. Bottom depth, temperature, salinity, Secchi depth, and distance from shore are all Sockeye salmon at the end of their upriver spawning migratio ...
Microplastics in the ocean
... on published information, of the sources, fate and effects of microplastics in the marine environment. GESAMP (The Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection) is an Inter-Agency body of the United Nations, set up in 1969 to provide authoritative and independe ...
... on published information, of the sources, fate and effects of microplastics in the marine environment. GESAMP (The Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection) is an Inter-Agency body of the United Nations, set up in 1969 to provide authoritative and independe ...
Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research
... next 20 to 200 years and to understand the responses of the physical and biological systems to natural and anthropogenic forcing factors. A primary form of data that will be used by AntClim21 are the global coupled atmosphere-ocean model runs that form the basis of the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) ...
... next 20 to 200 years and to understand the responses of the physical and biological systems to natural and anthropogenic forcing factors. A primary form of data that will be used by AntClim21 are the global coupled atmosphere-ocean model runs that form the basis of the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) ...
Earth`s Energy Imbalance and Implications
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001, 2007) reports and by innumerable authors. Although climate change is driven by many climate forcing agents and the climate system also exhibits unforced (chaotic) variability, it is now widely agreed that the strong global warming trend of recen ...
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001, 2007) reports and by innumerable authors. Although climate change is driven by many climate forcing agents and the climate system also exhibits unforced (chaotic) variability, it is now widely agreed that the strong global warming trend of recen ...
A Review of the North Atlantic Circulation, Marine Climate Change
... We know that climate of the past has varied much more dramatically than the relatively slow warming trend that can be projected to result from human emissions of greenhouse gases. At glacial times, the climate of the northern hemisphere went through a series of abrupt changes. Within a few decades o ...
... We know that climate of the past has varied much more dramatically than the relatively slow warming trend that can be projected to result from human emissions of greenhouse gases. At glacial times, the climate of the northern hemisphere went through a series of abrupt changes. Within a few decades o ...
Climate and Climate Change
... A) Melting ice sheets adds water to the ocean, raising the sea level B) Melting ice sheets adds fresh water to the ocean, changing global ocean currents C) Some places rely on water from the ice sheets to replenish their water supply D) Melting ice sheets changes the habitat for polar bears, walruse ...
... A) Melting ice sheets adds water to the ocean, raising the sea level B) Melting ice sheets adds fresh water to the ocean, changing global ocean currents C) Some places rely on water from the ice sheets to replenish their water supply D) Melting ice sheets changes the habitat for polar bears, walruse ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Exponentially rising CO2 (currently ~400 latm) is driving climate change and causing acidification of both marine and freshwater environments. Physiologists have long known that CO2 directly affects acid–base and ion regulation, respiratory function and aerobic performance in aquatic animals. More r ...
... Exponentially rising CO2 (currently ~400 latm) is driving climate change and causing acidification of both marine and freshwater environments. Physiologists have long known that CO2 directly affects acid–base and ion regulation, respiratory function and aerobic performance in aquatic animals. More r ...
Effects of global warming on oceans
Global warming can affect sea levels, coastlines, ocean acidification, ocean currents, seawater, sea surface temperatures, tides, the sea floor, weather, and trigger several changes in ocean bio-geochemistry; all of these affect the functioning of a society.