Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global
... accumulation and fragmentation of plastics. Within just a few decades since mass production of plastic products commenced in the 1950s, plastic debris has accumulated in terrestrial environments, in the open ocean, on shorelines of even the most remote islands and in the deep sea. Annual clean-up op ...
... accumulation and fragmentation of plastics. Within just a few decades since mass production of plastic products commenced in the 1950s, plastic debris has accumulated in terrestrial environments, in the open ocean, on shorelines of even the most remote islands and in the deep sea. Annual clean-up op ...
Litter on the seafloor-HELCOM candidate core indictor report
... the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, located at about 2,000 km from land and at depths of 7,216m in the Ryuku trench south of Japan. In shallow coastal areas (<40m depth), the abundance of marine debris is generally much greater than on the continental shelf or on the deep seafloor, with the exception of some ac ...
... the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, located at about 2,000 km from land and at depths of 7,216m in the Ryuku trench south of Japan. In shallow coastal areas (<40m depth), the abundance of marine debris is generally much greater than on the continental shelf or on the deep seafloor, with the exception of some ac ...
Temperature Inversions in the Subarctic North Pacific
... quality flag: 1) data at the observed depth. The area of analysis was north of 30°N in the North Pacific and included the entire subarctic Pacific (see Favorite et al. 1976). Stations were ignored if the deepest observations were shallower than 500 m. This is because the maximum temperature at the b ...
... quality flag: 1) data at the observed depth. The area of analysis was north of 30°N in the North Pacific and included the entire subarctic Pacific (see Favorite et al. 1976). Stations were ignored if the deepest observations were shallower than 500 m. This is because the maximum temperature at the b ...
Vulnerability of geomorphological features in the Great Barrier Reef
... km along the northeast Queensland coast, covering an area of 344,500 km282. It includes more than 2900 reefs of varying types (eg fringing, patch, cresentic, lagoonal, planar), dimensions and stage of growth, which together occupy greater than 20,000 km2, or about 5.8 percent of the total area of th ...
... km along the northeast Queensland coast, covering an area of 344,500 km282. It includes more than 2900 reefs of varying types (eg fringing, patch, cresentic, lagoonal, planar), dimensions and stage of growth, which together occupy greater than 20,000 km2, or about 5.8 percent of the total area of th ...
The Wadden Sea in an international perspective
... The Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, founded in 1892 and since 1998 part of the AWI, has as its main research aim to investigate pelagic ecological processes in pelagic shallow water systems, reaching out into the Wadden Sea. Another important focus lies on studies of organisms and processes of the un ...
... The Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, founded in 1892 and since 1998 part of the AWI, has as its main research aim to investigate pelagic ecological processes in pelagic shallow water systems, reaching out into the Wadden Sea. Another important focus lies on studies of organisms and processes of the un ...
Response of ocean phytoplankton community structure to climate
... phytoplankton are lighter and sink less readily than diatoms, so they tend to be associated with higher surface recycling of inorganic nutrients and carbon and less efficient carbon transport to the deep. Any future changes in the relative contribution of these or other important phytoplankton types ...
... phytoplankton are lighter and sink less readily than diatoms, so they tend to be associated with higher surface recycling of inorganic nutrients and carbon and less efficient carbon transport to the deep. Any future changes in the relative contribution of these or other important phytoplankton types ...
Surface ocean-lower atmosphere study: Scientific synthesis and
... Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere program (TOGA) and the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS). This new project would integrate their findings and unanswered questions into an interdisciplinary study of the coupled physical, biological, and chemical processes operating in the euphotic zone. In 19 ...
... Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere program (TOGA) and the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS). This new project would integrate their findings and unanswered questions into an interdisciplinary study of the coupled physical, biological, and chemical processes operating in the euphotic zone. In 19 ...
75 An Updated Synthesis of the Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine
... well-being. Hundreds of millions of people rely directly on marine biodiversity for their livelihoods. Oceans are critical to many important global geo-chemical processes, such as climate regulation and carbon cycling. Ocean ecosystems provide critical life supporting services to the global populati ...
... well-being. Hundreds of millions of people rely directly on marine biodiversity for their livelihoods. Oceans are critical to many important global geo-chemical processes, such as climate regulation and carbon cycling. Ocean ecosystems provide critical life supporting services to the global populati ...
First Census of Marine Life 2010: Highlights of a Decade of Discovery
... After establishing historical baselines from sightings, catches, and even restaurant menus, the Census documented declining numbers and sizes, too, even within a human generation. In enough cases to encourage conservation, the Census documented the recovery of some species. History shows people bega ...
... After establishing historical baselines from sightings, catches, and even restaurant menus, the Census documented declining numbers and sizes, too, even within a human generation. In enough cases to encourage conservation, the Census documented the recovery of some species. History shows people bega ...
fram forum 2015
... temperatures as a factor in raising mean temperatures last year. In fact, NOAA wrote: “In 2014, the warmth was due to large regions of record warm and much warmer-than-average temperatures in parts of every major ocean basin,” and went on to list “the northeastern Pacific Ocean in and around the Gul ...
... temperatures as a factor in raising mean temperatures last year. In fact, NOAA wrote: “In 2014, the warmth was due to large regions of record warm and much warmer-than-average temperatures in parts of every major ocean basin,” and went on to list “the northeastern Pacific Ocean in and around the Gul ...
Coral Reefs and Changing Seawater Carbonate Chemistry
... secreting organisms (hereafter called “calcifiers”). This chapter addresses this process with an emphasis on how future changes in carbonate chemistry will affect calcification rates of coral reef organisms as well as reef-building itself. ...
... secreting organisms (hereafter called “calcifiers”). This chapter addresses this process with an emphasis on how future changes in carbonate chemistry will affect calcification rates of coral reef organisms as well as reef-building itself. ...
blue med a blue jobs and growth research and
... services; ecosystems, and species adaptation to changing marine environments (resilience) including coastal pelagic and benthic environments; role of biodiversity in marine ecosystem functioning and services (including the interactions between terrestrial and marine environment); knowledge on ecosys ...
... services; ecosystems, and species adaptation to changing marine environments (resilience) including coastal pelagic and benthic environments; role of biodiversity in marine ecosystem functioning and services (including the interactions between terrestrial and marine environment); knowledge on ecosys ...
Mise en page 1 - UNESCO World Heritage Centre
... cultural and natural heritage which are of Outstanding Universal Value. In 1994, the World Heritage Committee launched a Global Strategy for a representative, balanced and credible World Heritage List. The Strategy suggests avoiding an over-representation of a small number of regions or categories a ...
... cultural and natural heritage which are of Outstanding Universal Value. In 1994, the World Heritage Committee launched a Global Strategy for a representative, balanced and credible World Heritage List. The Strategy suggests avoiding an over-representation of a small number of regions or categories a ...
Assessing marine world heritage from an ecosystem
... cultural and natural heritage which are of Outstanding Universal Value. In 1994, the World Heritage Committee launched a Global Strategy for a representative, balanced and credible World Heritage List. The Strategy suggests avoiding an over-representation of a small number of regions or categories a ...
... cultural and natural heritage which are of Outstanding Universal Value. In 1994, the World Heritage Committee launched a Global Strategy for a representative, balanced and credible World Heritage List. The Strategy suggests avoiding an over-representation of a small number of regions or categories a ...
Marine Animalia Organism Diversity and Reef Condition on Two
... waters to levels that have the potential to prevent calcium carbonate accretion by organisms such as coral reefs (Anthony et al. 2008). For 650,000 years prior to the Industrial Revolution, atmospheric CO2 concentrations remained between 180 to 300 parts per million by volume. However, the rate of c ...
... waters to levels that have the potential to prevent calcium carbonate accretion by organisms such as coral reefs (Anthony et al. 2008). For 650,000 years prior to the Industrial Revolution, atmospheric CO2 concentrations remained between 180 to 300 parts per million by volume. However, the rate of c ...
Full text in pdf format
... Macrocystis laevis growing at a maximum depth of 68 m was repeatedly observed in the open shelf area This is the deepest population ever described for any species of giant kelp. Nutrient availability and temperature in the area were found to have no significant impact on kelp production and distribu ...
... Macrocystis laevis growing at a maximum depth of 68 m was repeatedly observed in the open shelf area This is the deepest population ever described for any species of giant kelp. Nutrient availability and temperature in the area were found to have no significant impact on kelp production and distribu ...
Icefield-to-Ocean Linkages across the Northern Pacific Coastal
... understanding of the biophysical linkages between glacier mass loss and downstream freshwater and marine ecosystems. Although ecological responses to abrupt climate shifts are well documented (i.e., climate-biology covariation or “regime shifts”; Hare and Mantua 2000, Litzow and Mueter 2014), there ...
... understanding of the biophysical linkages between glacier mass loss and downstream freshwater and marine ecosystems. Although ecological responses to abrupt climate shifts are well documented (i.e., climate-biology covariation or “regime shifts”; Hare and Mantua 2000, Litzow and Mueter 2014), there ...
Antarctic life: Highly diverse, unusually structured
... he past two decades have witnessed a revolution in the approaches used to document patterns in and the functional significance of the diversity of life. Knowledge of the global distributions of organisms now extends to many groups. These include terrestrial plants and animals1, marine taxa2, compone ...
... he past two decades have witnessed a revolution in the approaches used to document patterns in and the functional significance of the diversity of life. Knowledge of the global distributions of organisms now extends to many groups. These include terrestrial plants and animals1, marine taxa2, compone ...
The Mean Age of Ocean Waters Inferred from Radiocarbon
... mixing processes as it is a nonlinear function of radiocarbon concentration (e.g., Wunsch 2002). We hypothesize that an incomplete accounting of the multitude of ocean pathways is responsible for errors in the interpretation of the radiocarbon observations, leading to the discrepancy between modeled ...
... mixing processes as it is a nonlinear function of radiocarbon concentration (e.g., Wunsch 2002). We hypothesize that an incomplete accounting of the multitude of ocean pathways is responsible for errors in the interpretation of the radiocarbon observations, leading to the discrepancy between modeled ...
Fast and slow spreading ridges - Archimer
... Different parts of the world ridge system have quite different morphologies, which reflect different constructional processes. It appears that hydrothermal circulation at all spreading centers is an important exchange process between the ocean and the newly formed oceanic crust. This hydrothermal ci ...
... Different parts of the world ridge system have quite different morphologies, which reflect different constructional processes. It appears that hydrothermal circulation at all spreading centers is an important exchange process between the ocean and the newly formed oceanic crust. This hydrothermal ci ...
sea level rise in the caribbean - M
... of aesthetics), which are projected to accelerate in the coming decades and compound the existing threats to natural systems and society. Dulal et al. conclude that: “If the Caribbean countries fail to adapt, they are likely to take direct and substantial economic hits to their most important indust ...
... of aesthetics), which are projected to accelerate in the coming decades and compound the existing threats to natural systems and society. Dulal et al. conclude that: “If the Caribbean countries fail to adapt, they are likely to take direct and substantial economic hits to their most important indust ...
Effects of global warming on oceans
Global warming can affect sea levels, coastlines, ocean acidification, ocean currents, seawater, sea surface temperatures, tides, the sea floor, weather, and trigger several changes in ocean bio-geochemistry; all of these affect the functioning of a society.