lecture_8_antihistamines_decongestants_antitussives
... ranitidine (Zantac), or famotidine (Pepcid) ...
... ranitidine (Zantac), or famotidine (Pepcid) ...
Appendix 3-E Description of Methods for Estimating Severity of Ill
... Severity of Ill Effects (SEV) Index, which represents the biological impacts to salmonids and other fish species, resulting from exposure to various suspended sediment concentrations and durations. This empirical model utilizes fisheries and suspended sediment research which correlate concentrations ...
... Severity of Ill Effects (SEV) Index, which represents the biological impacts to salmonids and other fish species, resulting from exposure to various suspended sediment concentrations and durations. This empirical model utilizes fisheries and suspended sediment research which correlate concentrations ...
Unit I
... a) Identify four trends that have influenced modern patterns of drug use and regulation in the U.S. b) List the two principle aims of the Harrison Act. c) Describe the regulatory function of the Controlled Substance Act. d) List three features of recent conceptions of addiction. e) Distinguish betwe ...
... a) Identify four trends that have influenced modern patterns of drug use and regulation in the U.S. b) List the two principle aims of the Harrison Act. c) Describe the regulatory function of the Controlled Substance Act. d) List three features of recent conceptions of addiction. e) Distinguish betwe ...
Opioid Pharmacology
... Morphine: conjugated in the liver Metabolites include: – Morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) – Morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) Metabolites are cleared in kidneys M6G: – Active metabolite, – Accumulates in CNS M3G – May affect tolerance ...
... Morphine: conjugated in the liver Metabolites include: – Morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) – Morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) Metabolites are cleared in kidneys M6G: – Active metabolite, – Accumulates in CNS M3G – May affect tolerance ...
Opiates
... Functional studies with antagonists and probes directed at the opioid receptors have demonstrated the independence of m, d and k receptors at the spinal level and elsewhere in the brain. The analgesic effects following activation of non-m receptors indicate that there is potential for opioid analgesi ...
... Functional studies with antagonists and probes directed at the opioid receptors have demonstrated the independence of m, d and k receptors at the spinal level and elsewhere in the brain. The analgesic effects following activation of non-m receptors indicate that there is potential for opioid analgesi ...
Statins induced myopathy
... - HMG-CoA reductase mediates the first committed step in the chol. biosynthesis. - Reversible binding - The active forms of the reductase inhibitors are structural analogs of HMG-CoA intermediate that is the precursor of mevalonate - Mevalonate is the precursor for cholesterol. - Effect on other pro ...
... - HMG-CoA reductase mediates the first committed step in the chol. biosynthesis. - Reversible binding - The active forms of the reductase inhibitors are structural analogs of HMG-CoA intermediate that is the precursor of mevalonate - Mevalonate is the precursor for cholesterol. - Effect on other pro ...
Perspective CYP1A Induction and Human Risk Assessment
... related halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls ...
... related halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls ...
Actelion Presentation
... −Norez C., Noel S., Wilke M., Bijvelds M., Jorna H., Melin P., DeJonge H. and Becq F. Rescue of functional delF508-CFTR channels in cystic fibrosis epithelial cells by the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor miglustat. FEBS Lett. 508, 2081-86; 2006. ...
... −Norez C., Noel S., Wilke M., Bijvelds M., Jorna H., Melin P., DeJonge H. and Becq F. Rescue of functional delF508-CFTR channels in cystic fibrosis epithelial cells by the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor miglustat. FEBS Lett. 508, 2081-86; 2006. ...
Rexogin® 50mg/ml - Alpha
... Rexogin® is synthetic steroid having both anabolic and androgenic properties. The injectable form of stanozolol is a water based anabolic steroid that is derived from DHT (Dihydrotestosterone). Unlike most injectable anabolic steroids, Stanozolol is not esterified and is available as an aqueous susp ...
... Rexogin® is synthetic steroid having both anabolic and androgenic properties. The injectable form of stanozolol is a water based anabolic steroid that is derived from DHT (Dihydrotestosterone). Unlike most injectable anabolic steroids, Stanozolol is not esterified and is available as an aqueous susp ...
RT101 Basic Therapeutics
... Tolerance: A condition in which the dose of a drug must be increased (over time) to obtain the desired effect -or- a decreasing intensity of responsiveness to a drug over time Tachyphylaxis: Rapidly developing tolerance to a drug -or- a rapid decrease in responsiveness to a drug. Additive effects: T ...
... Tolerance: A condition in which the dose of a drug must be increased (over time) to obtain the desired effect -or- a decreasing intensity of responsiveness to a drug over time Tachyphylaxis: Rapidly developing tolerance to a drug -or- a rapid decrease in responsiveness to a drug. Additive effects: T ...
Information about GB Non-native Species Risk Assessments
... • Risk assessments consider only the risks posed by a species. They do not consider the practicalities, impacts or other issues relating to the management of the species. They therefore cannot on their own be used to determine what, if any, management response should be undertaken. • Risk assessment ...
... • Risk assessments consider only the risks posed by a species. They do not consider the practicalities, impacts or other issues relating to the management of the species. They therefore cannot on their own be used to determine what, if any, management response should be undertaken. • Risk assessment ...
Comparative pharmacology of the H antihistamines
... undesirable effects. Cetirizine and levocetirizine are eliminated in urine, mainly in unaltered form, while fexofenadine is eliminated in stools following excretion by the biliary tract, without metabolic changes. The rest of antihistamines undergo liver transformation to metabolites that may or may ...
... undesirable effects. Cetirizine and levocetirizine are eliminated in urine, mainly in unaltered form, while fexofenadine is eliminated in stools following excretion by the biliary tract, without metabolic changes. The rest of antihistamines undergo liver transformation to metabolites that may or may ...
Drugs for the Treatment of Heroin Addiction
... When the brain opiate receptors are ready, methadone is mobilized and fills the receptors Methadone is an agonist, so it works similar to heroin, but does not produce the extreme highs and ...
... When the brain opiate receptors are ready, methadone is mobilized and fills the receptors Methadone is an agonist, so it works similar to heroin, but does not produce the extreme highs and ...
Neuroprotective effects of some newer and potential antiepileptic
... Experimental models of epilepsy or status epilepticus (SE) provide evidence that seizures result in diffuse brain damage. Other neurological conditions are also associated with neurodegeneration, for example, stroke, head injury and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, the neuroprotec ...
... Experimental models of epilepsy or status epilepticus (SE) provide evidence that seizures result in diffuse brain damage. Other neurological conditions are also associated with neurodegeneration, for example, stroke, head injury and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, the neuroprotec ...
Reinforcing Effects of Psychostimulants in Humans Are Associated
... and Wise, 1977; Richardson et al., 1994; Self et al., 1996), its relevance in humans subjects, for whom its rewarding effects are associated with the subjective perception of pleasure or “high” (Fischman and Foltin, 1991), has not been investigated. It is also of importance to assess the role of DA ...
... and Wise, 1977; Richardson et al., 1994; Self et al., 1996), its relevance in humans subjects, for whom its rewarding effects are associated with the subjective perception of pleasure or “high” (Fischman and Foltin, 1991), has not been investigated. It is also of importance to assess the role of DA ...
2. Thyroid gland
... aggravate hyponatremia commonly associated with hypothyroidism and avoid excessive water intake. • L-thyroxine (T4): 400 μg IV initially, followed by 50 μg daily I͘ ntravenous .T3 can be used. • Hydrocortisone: 200 mg I.V. because the patient usually has associated adrenal insufficiency. • Treatment ...
... aggravate hyponatremia commonly associated with hypothyroidism and avoid excessive water intake. • L-thyroxine (T4): 400 μg IV initially, followed by 50 μg daily I͘ ntravenous .T3 can be used. • Hydrocortisone: 200 mg I.V. because the patient usually has associated adrenal insufficiency. • Treatment ...
Biochemical and Physiological Processes in Brain - Beck-Shop
... For many years, glia were thought to have a somewhat limited or passive role in brain function, but more recent findings indicate that glia have receptors, uptake mechanisms, and enzymes for several neurotransmitters, suggesting that the functions of these cells are closely integrated with neuronal ...
... For many years, glia were thought to have a somewhat limited or passive role in brain function, but more recent findings indicate that glia have receptors, uptake mechanisms, and enzymes for several neurotransmitters, suggesting that the functions of these cells are closely integrated with neuronal ...
Thyroid gland and antithyroid drugs
... aggravate hyponatremia commonly associated with hypothyroidism and avoid excessive water intake. • L-thyroxine (T4): 400 μg IV initially, followed by 50 μg daily I͘ ntravenous .T3 can be used. • Hydrocortisone: 200 mg I.V. because the patient usually has associated adrenal insufficiency. • Treatment ...
... aggravate hyponatremia commonly associated with hypothyroidism and avoid excessive water intake. • L-thyroxine (T4): 400 μg IV initially, followed by 50 μg daily I͘ ntravenous .T3 can be used. • Hydrocortisone: 200 mg I.V. because the patient usually has associated adrenal insufficiency. • Treatment ...
Biochemical and Physiological Processes in Brain Function and
... For many years, glia were thought to have a somewhat limited or passive role in brain function, but more recent findings indicate that glia have receptors, uptake mechanisms, and enzymes for several neurotransmitters, suggesting that the functions of these cells are closely integrated with neuronal ...
... For many years, glia were thought to have a somewhat limited or passive role in brain function, but more recent findings indicate that glia have receptors, uptake mechanisms, and enzymes for several neurotransmitters, suggesting that the functions of these cells are closely integrated with neuronal ...
Effector Pathway-Dependent Relative Efficacy at Serotonin Type 2A
... that inhibit adenylyl cyclase (mediated by ai) and stimulate PLC (mediated by bg) (see Guderman et al., 1996). In other cases, receptors may couple to more than one G protein as, for example, the TSH receptor, which couples to Gs and Gq/11 (Allgeier et al., 1994). Traditional receptor theory assumes ...
... that inhibit adenylyl cyclase (mediated by ai) and stimulate PLC (mediated by bg) (see Guderman et al., 1996). In other cases, receptors may couple to more than one G protein as, for example, the TSH receptor, which couples to Gs and Gq/11 (Allgeier et al., 1994). Traditional receptor theory assumes ...
1 -blocker
... How would this affect dosing? Less effective in blacks unless combined with thiazide diuretics ...
... How would this affect dosing? Less effective in blacks unless combined with thiazide diuretics ...
Effect of Silybum marianum on acute hepatic
... used instead of Viscum album. Treatment with them, alone or combination with silymarin, markedly ameliorated histopathological and biochemical alterations caused by CCl4. Suja et al. [10] also used CCl4 to induce hepatic damage and used silimarin and Helminthostachys zeylanica (HZ) to treat it. The ...
... used instead of Viscum album. Treatment with them, alone or combination with silymarin, markedly ameliorated histopathological and biochemical alterations caused by CCl4. Suja et al. [10] also used CCl4 to induce hepatic damage and used silimarin and Helminthostachys zeylanica (HZ) to treat it. The ...
Endocrinology 3a – Hyperthyroid Disorders
... Used in hyperthyroidism to kill tumours. It is also used in very small doses to assess thyroid function. It works in that it imitates the action of iodine, but the radioisotope is selectively cytotoxic for thyroid cells. Mode of Action Body processes isotope as for stable iodide; isotope concentra ...
... Used in hyperthyroidism to kill tumours. It is also used in very small doses to assess thyroid function. It works in that it imitates the action of iodine, but the radioisotope is selectively cytotoxic for thyroid cells. Mode of Action Body processes isotope as for stable iodide; isotope concentra ...
mechanisms of la toxicity
... Uptake of local anesthetic from the epidural space and distribution to potential target sites are altered by the increased cardiac output state. Pregnancy results in decreased plasma protein, thereby increasing the free drug concentration in the vascular compartment. Oestrogen and progesterone a ...
... Uptake of local anesthetic from the epidural space and distribution to potential target sites are altered by the increased cardiac output state. Pregnancy results in decreased plasma protein, thereby increasing the free drug concentration in the vascular compartment. Oestrogen and progesterone a ...
Mechanism of action
... Inhibitors of S Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase. Intracellular concentrations of putrescine and AdoMet were increased and the level of spermidine was decreased in trypanosomes treated with (27) It is a time-dependent irreversible inhibitor to the AdoMetDC in T. b. brucei,. It also proved to be ...
... Inhibitors of S Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase. Intracellular concentrations of putrescine and AdoMet were increased and the level of spermidine was decreased in trypanosomes treated with (27) It is a time-dependent irreversible inhibitor to the AdoMetDC in T. b. brucei,. It also proved to be ...
Toxicodynamics
Toxicodynamics, termed pharmacodynamics in pharmacology, describes the dynamic interactions of a toxicant with a biological target and its biological effects. A biological target, also known as the site of action, can be binding proteins, ion channels, DNA, or a variety of other receptors. When a toxicant enters an organism, it can interact with these receptors and produce structural or functional alterations. The mechanism of action of the toxicant, as determined by a toxicant’s chemical properties, will determine what receptors are targeted and the overall toxic effect at the cellular level and organismal level.Toxicants have been grouped together according to their chemical properties by way of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs), which allows prediction of toxic action based on these properties. endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and carcinogens are examples of classes of toxicants that can act as QSARs. EDCs mimic or block transcriptional activation normally caused by natural steroid hormones. These types of chemicals can act on androgen receptors, estrogen receptors and thyroid hormone receptors. This mechanism can include such toxicants as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Another class of chemicals, carcinogens, are substances that cause cancer and can be classified as genotoxic or nongenotoxic carcinogens. These categories include toxicants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The process of toxicodynamics can be useful for application in environmental risk assessment by implementing toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models. TKTD models include phenomenas such as time-varying exposure, carry-over toxicity, organism recovery time, effects of mixtures, and extrapolation to untested chemicals and species. Due to their advantages, these types of models may be more applicable for risk assessment than traditional modeling approaches.