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Acetaminophen and Salicylates Toxicity and Management
Acetaminophen and Salicylates Toxicity and Management

... • Temple AR. Acute and chronic effects of aspirin toxicity and their treatment. Arch Intern Med 1981;141:367 ...
Selexipag for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Selexipag for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension

... and tolerability, dosing and administration, and place in therapy of selexipag, an orally administered selective prostacyclin receptor agonist for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), are reviewed. Summary. The first-in-class oral prostacyclin IP receptor agonist selexipag (Uptrav ...
Product
Product

... also contains lignans are phenylpropanoid dimers with antioxidant and free radical scavanging properties  present in many plants but especially soy beans and flaxseed and red clover  Some evidence that ingestion of lignans may decrease risk of some cancers (breast)  act like phytoestrogens ...
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... Serotonin contains an indole ring with a carbon chain attached ...
Interaction of Plant Extracts with Central Nervous System Receptors
Interaction of Plant Extracts with Central Nervous System Receptors

... and dementia were collected in Peru [30]. A total of 228 fractions were screened in 31 radioligand CNS receptor assays and a subset was also screened for functional activity at selected serotonin, muscarinic, and adrenergic receptors. More than 60% inhibition of binding was detected in 91 samples an ...
Culmination of Low-Dose Pesticide Effects
Culmination of Low-Dose Pesticide Effects

... analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s post hoc multiplecomparison test (time-by-time ANOVA, adapted from Diggle et al.20 Data were square root-transformed to fulfill the conditions of data normality and homoscedasticity. The long-term response of Culex populations was given as mean population de ...
Kinetics of metoclopramide effects on human 5
Kinetics of metoclopramide effects on human 5

... receptors using the patch clamp technique on excised outside out patches combined with a fast solution exchange system. The mechanism of action of metoclopramide was hrther evaluated in binding experiments. 2. Materials and methods HEK-293 cells at 20% confluence were stably transfected by the modif ...
St. Michael`s/U of T Presentation Template
St. Michael`s/U of T Presentation Template

... Hyperkalemia ≥ 6.0 μmol/L: 2% spironolactone vs. 1% placebo (p=0.42) Gynecomastia in men: 9% spironolactone vs. 1% placebo New Engl J Med 1999 ...
Cayratia carnosa Wight) Gagnep. IN PARACETAMOL INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN ALBINO RATS
Cayratia carnosa Wight) Gagnep. IN PARACETAMOL INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN ALBINO RATS

... Liver is the most important organ concerned with metabolic activities[1]. It plays a major role in detoxification and excretion of many endogenous and exogenous compounds. Any injury to it or impairment of its functions may lead to implications on one’s health[2,3]. Living in the world of inadequate ...
Dens et al.
Dens et al.

... presented in Figs. 1 – 3, respectively. The results illustrate how the competitive interaction simulation depends on the initial concentrations of the microorganisms. Note that Scenarios 1 and 2 (Figs. 1 and 2) reach the same competitive outcome—eventual exclusion of the pathogen by the spoilage org ...
The Use of iCell Cardiomyocytes with Cell-by
The Use of iCell Cardiomyocytes with Cell-by

... Tyrode’s solution and added to the appropriate wells . The final DMSO concentration for all test compounds and controls was 0.1%. ...
Modeling Sustainability
Modeling Sustainability

... that time economists, philosophers and ethicists among others had already started the  pursuit of understanding concepts such as the limits to growth [29], steady­state economics  [10], weak and strong sustainability [33] and deep ecology [41, 50]. Environmental and  resource economics grew as an a ...
PowerPoint-præsentation - maram
PowerPoint-præsentation - maram

... approaches, includeding radiochemical dating, mark-recapture experiments and marginal increment analyses. Most approaches have been discarded due to a combination of funding and capacity constraints. Analysis of otolith growth patterns monitored over time, as developed by Margit Wilhelm during her P ...
Role of Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR) in pancreatic islet
Role of Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR) in pancreatic islet

... The CaSR acts via a KATP channel-dependent pathway to regulate pancreatic islet hormone secretion and represents a therapeutic target for glucose modulation. Description of Work This research project will comprise in vitro and animal-model studies: 1. In vitro characterisation of downstream effector ...
Psychopharmacology - the Peninsula MRCPsych Course
Psychopharmacology - the Peninsula MRCPsych Course

... Typical antipsychotics such as loxapine and chlorpromazine show equally high 5HT2A occupancy. Amisulpride is an effective atypical antipsychotic drugs but doesn’t have 5HT2A affinity. ...
Cholinoceptor blocking drugs
Cholinoceptor blocking drugs

... For Parathion and chemical warfare nerve Gases: 1-2 mg of atoropine I. V every 5 min until signs of antimuscarinic effects are observed (dry mouth, reversal of miosis). 2. CHOLINESTERASE REGENERATOR COMPOUNDS. • Used for the treatment of organophosphorus poisoning. • They are known as oxime agents a ...
Environmental Risk Assessment for Low Level Environmental
Environmental Risk Assessment for Low Level Environmental

... The potential for increased weediness and invasiveness of GM crops relative to their conventional counterparts is part of the risk assessment for environmental introduction under commercial cultivation. Data on intended or unintended effects of the genetic modification on the agronomic and phenotypi ...
Preston, T. J. - University of Toronto
Preston, T. J. - University of Toronto

... Copyright © 2009 American Association for Cancer Research. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-08-0929 ...
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16 Antidepressants

... Increases GABA synthesis via enzyme  modulation Does not bind to GABA receptor ...
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... Relative risk Pergolide 4.9 [1.5-15.6]  Cabergoline 7.1 [2.3-22.3] ...
Ecological impact of ionising radiation, an endpoint issue?
Ecological impact of ionising radiation, an endpoint issue?

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use

... also contains lignans are phenylpropanoid dimers with antioxidant and free radical scavanging properties  present in many plants but especially soy beans and flaxseed and red clover  Some evidence that ingestion of lignans may decrease risk of some cancers (breast)  act like phytoestrogens ...
曹永孝
曹永孝

... and venomotor tone, and decrease of the blood pressure, because both peripheral vascular resistance and venous return are decreased. Hypotension is especially marked in the upright position, because postural reflexes are blocked. Cardiac effects include diminished contractility and, because the sino ...
lecture_8_antihistamines_decongestants_antitussives
lecture_8_antihistamines_decongestants_antitussives

... ranitidine (Zantac), or famotidine (Pepcid) ...
Street Names
Street Names

... when he accidentally ingests it. Later he ingests 0.25 mg of it thinking it is a minimal dose, when in actuality it is 10 times the dose needed to produce an effect. “My visual field wavered and everything appeared deformed as in a faulty mirror. Space and time became more and more disorganized and ...
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Toxicodynamics



Toxicodynamics, termed pharmacodynamics in pharmacology, describes the dynamic interactions of a toxicant with a biological target and its biological effects. A biological target, also known as the site of action, can be binding proteins, ion channels, DNA, or a variety of other receptors. When a toxicant enters an organism, it can interact with these receptors and produce structural or functional alterations. The mechanism of action of the toxicant, as determined by a toxicant’s chemical properties, will determine what receptors are targeted and the overall toxic effect at the cellular level and organismal level.Toxicants have been grouped together according to their chemical properties by way of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs), which allows prediction of toxic action based on these properties. endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and carcinogens are examples of classes of toxicants that can act as QSARs. EDCs mimic or block transcriptional activation normally caused by natural steroid hormones. These types of chemicals can act on androgen receptors, estrogen receptors and thyroid hormone receptors. This mechanism can include such toxicants as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Another class of chemicals, carcinogens, are substances that cause cancer and can be classified as genotoxic or nongenotoxic carcinogens. These categories include toxicants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The process of toxicodynamics can be useful for application in environmental risk assessment by implementing toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models. TKTD models include phenomenas such as time-varying exposure, carry-over toxicity, organism recovery time, effects of mixtures, and extrapolation to untested chemicals and species. Due to their advantages, these types of models may be more applicable for risk assessment than traditional modeling approaches.
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