• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
It was noted that the definition of containment and
It was noted that the definition of containment and

... with poorly soluble particles such as titanium dioxide, coal dust, carbon black and talc that are considered of low cytotoxicity. Typical particle exposure concentrations in these studies ranged from 1 to 30 mg/m3, exceptionally even up to 250 mg/m3 in a two-year titanium dioxide inhalation study. T ...
Appendix 9: Drugs used in ASD
Appendix 9: Drugs used in ASD

... (Appendix 9 of: Ministries of Health and Education. 2008. New Zealand Autism Spectrum Disorder Guideline Wellington: Ministry of Health) ...
TESS-EEA(CHM)2009 - Biodiversity Informations System for
TESS-EEA(CHM)2009 - Biodiversity Informations System for

... Strategic Objective: To design a decision support system related to environment and land use that will enable policy makers to integrate knowledge from the regional and local level into the decision making process, while also encouraging local people to maintain & restore biodiversity & ecosystem se ...
Biospectra Analysis: Model Proteome
Biospectra Analysis: Model Proteome

... dataset as being most closely aligned with the neurotransmitter dopamine, and their agonist or antagonist properties was probed. Distinguishing the results described in this study from those obtained with affinity-based methods, the observed association between biospectra and biological response pro ...
Computational systems biology and in silico modeling of the human
Computational systems biology and in silico modeling of the human

... manual curation according to the literature and conversion into a mathematical model; (iii) validation of the model’s predictions by comparison to phenotypic data; and (iv) improvement of the model by cycling through computational and experimental work. Such manually curated, high-quality models acc ...
Modelling the ecology and evolution of communities
Modelling the ecology and evolution of communities

... implied stability (Odum, 1953, MacArthur, 1955; Elton, 1958). An important critique of May’s result was that natural systems are not random, but may arise through community-level selection for stability (Pimm and Lawton, 1977, 1978). This has inspired the development of communityassembly models, whi ...
Diverse models for anti-HIV activity of purine nucleoside analogs
Diverse models for anti-HIV activity of purine nucleoside analogs

... Background: Purine nucleoside analogs (PNAs) constitute an important group of cytotoxic drugs for the treatment of neoplastic and autoimmune diseases. In the present study, classification models have been developed for the prediction of the anti-HIV activity of purine nucleoside analogs. Results: Th ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... 3 MINS UNTIL RESPIRATORY RATE ≥ 10 ...
Document
Document

... X ...
Principles of Pharmacology and Toxicology (BIOL3020)
Principles of Pharmacology and Toxicology (BIOL3020)

... - Endorphins: naturally produced by the body and are quickly broken down after they are released; - Heroin: more addictive; stays in the body for a longer period of time ...
PHARMACOLOGY OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS (NEUROLEPTICS)
PHARMACOLOGY OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS (NEUROLEPTICS)

... consensus statement in conjuction with the American Psychiatric Association, the American College of Endocrinology outlining management of metabolic sequelae of antipsychotic use ...
Morphine
Morphine

... receptor. In addition, it weakly inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin. It is used to manage moderate to moderately severe pain. Its respiratory-depressant activity is less than that of morphine. Naloxone can only partially reverse the analgesia produced by tramadol or its active metabol ...
Histamine receptor antagonists
Histamine receptor antagonists

... PHARMACOLOGY ...
EEG Gamma Power Changes Following Administration of NMDA
EEG Gamma Power Changes Following Administration of NMDA

... biomarker for various drug-induced and disease states. Changes in electroencephalogram (EEG) gamma band power, defined as frequencies ranging between 30 and 80 Hz, have been linked in humans to enhanced cognitive function, but also to pathological states such as schizophrenia, druginduced hallucinat ...
Risk assessment report relating to paddos (psilocin and
Risk assessment report relating to paddos (psilocin and

... Across the Netherlands as a whole use is low (only 1.6% of the population has ever used them); it is slightly higher among young people; and the highest figures are recorded among specific groups (pleasure-seekers, foreigners and young truants). In most cases, it is seen as an experimental drug, wit ...
Modelling the ecology and evolution of communities
Modelling the ecology and evolution of communities

... implied stability (Odum, 1953, MacArthur, 1955; Elton, 1958). An important critique of May’s result was that natural systems are not random, but may arise through community-level selection for stability (Pimm and Lawton, 1977, 1978). This has inspired the development of communityassembly models, whi ...
The effect of human disturbance on the local distribution of American
The effect of human disturbance on the local distribution of American

... Virzi, T. 2010. The effect of human disturbance on the local distribution of American Oystercatchers breeding on barrier island beaches. Wader Study Group Bull. 117(1): 19–26. Keywords: American Oystercatcher, Haematopus palliatus, classification and regression trees, maximum entropy modeling, rando ...
Lipid-regulators (Agents Used in Hyperlipidemia)
Lipid-regulators (Agents Used in Hyperlipidemia)

... (1970’s Brown and Goldstein) • When LDL binds to its receptor (via recognition of the apoprotein B100) the entire LDL molecule is taken up (engulfed) by the cell in clatherin coated pits ...
Predicting ecological consequences of marine top predator
Predicting ecological consequences of marine top predator

... groups, each with a top rank in 18% of cases [60]. Although these models have proven very useful for the development of hypotheses [61], their assumptions that all energy is cycled within a system and that each species’ diet is inflexible are not always supported [62,63]. Also, the detailed diet dat ...
Dietary cancer chemoprevention agents – what doses should be
Dietary cancer chemoprevention agents – what doses should be

... and bread rolls (16) respectively. These trials afforded relevant pharmacokinetic information as the dose administered was clinically feasible, but not efficacy data in terms of either beneficial or detrimental effects on biomarker endpoints. Studies of this type can be difficult to interpret due to ...
Predicting ecological consequences of marine top predator declines
Predicting ecological consequences of marine top predator declines

... groups, each with a top rank in 18% of cases [60]. Although these models have proven very useful for the development of hypotheses [61], their assumptions that all energy is cycled within a system and that each species’ diet is inflexible are not always supported [62,63]. Also, the detailed diet dat ...
Exemestane - BC Cancer Agency
Exemestane - BC Cancer Agency

... 9. Coombes RC, Hall E, Gibson LJ, et al. A randomized trial of exemestane after two to three years of tamoxifen therapy in postmenopausal women with primary breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2004;350(11):1081-92. 10. Thurlimann B, Paridaens R, Serin D, et al. Third-line hormonal treatment with exemestane ...
Russ Carpenter
Russ Carpenter

... Fear Leads to Anger---Anger Leads to Stress Stress Leads to Doobies—Doobies lead to Twinkies ...
Best Practice Management of CINV in Oncology Patients: I
Best Practice Management of CINV in Oncology Patients: I

... as ifosfamide that also are metabolized by CYP3A4. A recent retrospective review involving 45 patients who received ifosfamide with or without aprepitant found that 6 of 8 patients experiencing ifosfamide neurotoxicity were also receiving aprepitant.24 In the author’s experience, an option for patie ...
DDT Persuasive Essay - APES -
DDT Persuasive Essay - APES -

... the caterpillar population, which bring us to the second point, survival of species is needed to maintain the equilibrium of an ecosystem. DDT causes damage to the environment and people by creating fluctuation in the ecosystem. The aforementioned dilemma with the dying lizards cause a decrease in d ...
< 1 ... 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 ... 126 >

Toxicodynamics



Toxicodynamics, termed pharmacodynamics in pharmacology, describes the dynamic interactions of a toxicant with a biological target and its biological effects. A biological target, also known as the site of action, can be binding proteins, ion channels, DNA, or a variety of other receptors. When a toxicant enters an organism, it can interact with these receptors and produce structural or functional alterations. The mechanism of action of the toxicant, as determined by a toxicant’s chemical properties, will determine what receptors are targeted and the overall toxic effect at the cellular level and organismal level.Toxicants have been grouped together according to their chemical properties by way of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs), which allows prediction of toxic action based on these properties. endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and carcinogens are examples of classes of toxicants that can act as QSARs. EDCs mimic or block transcriptional activation normally caused by natural steroid hormones. These types of chemicals can act on androgen receptors, estrogen receptors and thyroid hormone receptors. This mechanism can include such toxicants as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Another class of chemicals, carcinogens, are substances that cause cancer and can be classified as genotoxic or nongenotoxic carcinogens. These categories include toxicants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The process of toxicodynamics can be useful for application in environmental risk assessment by implementing toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models. TKTD models include phenomenas such as time-varying exposure, carry-over toxicity, organism recovery time, effects of mixtures, and extrapolation to untested chemicals and species. Due to their advantages, these types of models may be more applicable for risk assessment than traditional modeling approaches.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report