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Lecture 5
Lecture 5

... The Sun collapsed until a new source of energy offset the losses to radiation. NUCLEAR FUSION --- IT’S BURNING HYDROGEN As long as it burns H at this rate, it will be stable. ...
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... from the Sun and found it to be lower than expected (by 30-50%) Confirmed in subsequent experiments Theory of p-p fusion well understood Solar interior well understood ...
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... (you don’t need to know numbers, just the idea below) Mass of 4 H Atoms = 6.693 × 10-24 g Mass of 1 He Atom = 6.645 × 10-24 g Difference ...
31 — Main-Sequence Stars [Revision : 1.1]
31 — Main-Sequence Stars [Revision : 1.1]

... ∗ Higher luminosity means that CNO cycle must be used to match star’s energy generation needs ∗ High temperature sensitivity (∼ T 19 ) means centrally-concentrated energy generation ∗ So, luminosity Lr grows raidly in core, and F = Lr /4πr2 is large ∗ To transport all energy by radiation, temperatur ...
PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES HOMEWORK
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... The mean distance from the Sun to Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars and Jupiter are 0.39, 0.72, 1.0, 1.5, and 5.2 AU. Assume that the density, solar wind speed, total magnetic field, and temperature at the base of the corona are 20x104 #/cc, 450 km/sec, 2,5x106 oK, radial (Br) component of magnetic field ...
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The Sun

... pressure (340 billion times Earth's air pressure at sea level) is so intense that nuclear reactions take place. ...
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Due Date: Thursday, November 16, 2006
Due Date: Thursday, November 16, 2006

... However, we should be able to tell that the hydrogen fusion in the core has stopped by observing the solar neutrinos. The neutrinos do not interact with the solar plasma, and can escape the Sun and reach Earth in about 8 minutes. So, we would find that the neutrino flux is decreased. 2. Chapter 11, ...
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Toilet Paper Scale Model of the Solar System

... Toilet Paper Scale Model of the Solar System The following table shows the average distances from the sun for each planet. The first measurements are in miles and the second measurements are in astronomical units. An astronomical unit is defined as the distance from the sun to the Earth, which is ab ...
The Sun : Our Closest Star
The Sun : Our Closest Star

... 2. Prominences = huge columns of gas that fly out from the sun.  They are thousands of miles long.  UV & X-rays increase. ...
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Lecture 12: Energy Generation in Stars

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Stars - White Plains Public Schools

... Luminosity is how bright a star is compared to the Sun if they were the same distance away. Stars are classified based on luminosity and temperature. Temperature affects the color of stars. Red = cool Blue = hot ...
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... At a certain depth in a star, three ions of a given element have the following ionization fractions: f1 = 0.10, f2 = 0.85, and f3 = 0.05. Their partition functions (degeneracies) are g1 = 1, g2 = 2, g3 = 8. The ionization energy from the fundamental level for ion 1 is 30 eV, and it is 55 eV for ion ...
Observational Astronomy - Spring 2014 Homework 7
Observational Astronomy - Spring 2014 Homework 7

The Sun - Lauer Science
The Sun - Lauer Science

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... o The sun appears to be the largest star in the sky because it is the closest star to Earth. Some stars are larger than the sun and some stars are smaller than the sun.  Most of the cycles and patterns of motion between the Earth and sun are predictable. o Earth’s revolution around the sun takes ap ...
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... Giant - helium is being fused into carbon and the star is now brighter but cooler Supernova - violent explosion of a massive star when the core collapses causing the outer layers to blow away main sequence star - as soon as fusion starts, the star is in this stage fusing hydrogen into helium Protost ...
Nucleosynthesis and the death of stars
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... • A Type I supernova is a massive explosion of a star that occurs under two possible scenarios. The first is that a white dwarf star undergoes a nuclear based explosion after it reaches its Chandrasekhar limit (1.44 solar masses) from absorbing mass from a neighboring star (usually a red giant). • A ...
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... (Diameter of Sun = 1.39x 106 km.) Sun is 100 Earth diameters across (1.3 x 104 km) Edge of the Solar system is about 100 AU Distance of Oort Cloud is 100,000 AU Distance to nearest star is 200,000 AU (1 pc) Distance to center of the Galaxy is 8000 pc Distance to nearest big Galaxy is 800,000 pc Dist ...
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Standard solar model

The standard solar model (SSM) is a mathematical treatment of the Sun as a spherical ball of gas (in varying states of ionisation, with the hydrogen in the deep interior being a completely ionised plasma). This model, technically the spherically symmetric quasi-static model of a star, has stellar structure described by several differential equations derived from basic physical principles. The model is constrained by boundary conditions, namely the luminosity, radius, age and composition of the Sun, which are well determined. The age of the Sun cannot be measured directly; one way to estimate it is from the age of the oldest meteorites, and models of the evolution of the Solar System. The composition in the photosphere of the modern-day Sun, by mass, is 74.9% hydrogen and 23.8% helium. All heavier elements, called metals in astronomy, account for less than 2 percent of the mass. The SSM is used to test the validity of stellar evolution theory. In fact, the only way to determine the two free parameters of the stellar evolution model, the helium abundance and the mixing length parameter (used to model convection in the Sun), are to adjust the SSM to ""fit"" the observed Sun.
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