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How the Universe Works – Planets Astronomy Name: Date: 1. How
How the Universe Works – Planets Astronomy Name: Date: 1. How

08 October: Stellar life after the Main Sequence
08 October: Stellar life after the Main Sequence

... Hydrogen mass fraction in core at start: 71%, now: 34% ...
Chapter 17 Tour: Formation of the Solar System
Chapter 17 Tour: Formation of the Solar System

... REGIONS ON THE SUN’S SURFACE, RELATED TO CHANGES IN THE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF THE SUN ...
Lecture 3 - QUB Astrophysics Research Centre
Lecture 3 - QUB Astrophysics Research Centre

... point in the Sun. In summary, with no knowledge of how energy is generated in stars we have been able to derive a value for the Sun’s internal temperature and deduce that it is composed of a near ideal gas plasma with negligible radiation pressure ...
Part 1
Part 1

... (C) iron has the lowest mass per nuclear particle of all nuclei. (D) massive stars go supernova before they create an iron core. (E) iron turns into rust when mixed with oxygen. ...
PowerPoint version  is here
PowerPoint version is here

... Solar Neutrino Experiments--Summary Standard solar model vs. Expt. Bahcall and Pinsonneault, 2000 ...
Lecture 9: Post-main sequence evolution of stars Lifespan on the
Lecture 9: Post-main sequence evolution of stars Lifespan on the

Properties of Stars: The H
Properties of Stars: The H

... We can also determine the abundances of many elements in stars by using the `atomic fingerprints’ seen in spectral absorption lines. This is a tricky business! We already know that the strength and even presence of absorption lines is strongly temperature dependent. To use absorption line strengths ...
Which object is a meteor?
Which object is a meteor?

... around the Sun? ...
The SUN
The SUN

... The Northern Lights are caused by the sun’s flares. The sun is middle ager it is around four and a half million years ago. ...
neutrino
neutrino

... •  Current!energy!output!of!Sun!requires!600! million!tons!of!hydrogen!fused!into!helium! every!second! •  That’s!a!lot,!but!only!a!very!;ny!frac;on!of!the! total!mass!available! •  Sun!can!sustain!this!rate!of!fusion!for!another! 5!billion!years! ...
Chapter 12. Basic Equations of Stellar Structure
Chapter 12. Basic Equations of Stellar Structure

... could not have been life on this planet for longer than that, since life requires sunlight to exist. The geologists and biologists of that era were sure, however, that the slow processes of geologic and biologic evolution required billions of years to occur, not millions, so there was a problem! A s ...
The Solar System Mr J and Miss Mac The Solar System is made up
The Solar System Mr J and Miss Mac The Solar System is made up

... Everything in the Solar System orbits or revolves around the Sun. The Sun contains around 98% of all the material in the Solar System. The larger an object is, the more gravity it has. Because the Sun is so large, its powerful gravity attracts all the other objects in the Solar System towards it. At ...
Vignette 2 Gravitational Perturbations and the Prediction of New
Vignette 2 Gravitational Perturbations and the Prediction of New

... numerator of the expression for the strength of the gravitational force, and 2) the objects are near each other, which minimizes the denominator of the force equation. The two-body approximation that the orbits of the planets are determined only by the gravitational interaction between the sun and t ...
As a nebula
As a nebula

... temperature of white dwarf stars higher or lower than red super giants? • Higher • White dwarfs have a temp of about 20,000 K while super giants have a temperature of about 3500K. A. Most of the stars on the HR Diagram are classified as which type of star? ...
Powerpoint of lecture 14
Powerpoint of lecture 14

... Section 6: Introduction to Stellar Evolution Lecture 14 – Main-sequence stellar structure: … mass dependence of energy generation, opacity, convection zones, density profile … mass limits … effects of composition changes Post-main-sequence evolution: … calculations and observational tests ...
Black Holes, Part 3, Dark Energy
Black Holes, Part 3, Dark Energy

... One of the measured evidence is, that the Sun's mass density is a thousand times too low for the Sun to be a hydrogen gas sphere. Just look at the comparison. In comparing Saturn with Jupiter, Jupiter that has nearly twice the volume, has also nearly twice the mass density. In comparison with Jupit ...
Astronomy 12 - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
Astronomy 12 - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca

... hydrogen, and that the Sun's current mass was its mass before main-sequence burning. You will use some known properties of the Sun, and the knowledge that the Sun fuses hydrogen into helium. (i) From the internet, find the mass (in kg) and luminosity (in Watts) of the Sun. (ii) The Sun's principal r ...
Unit 3 - Lesson 8.1 2011 Night Sky
Unit 3 - Lesson 8.1 2011 Night Sky

... Getting Started in Space Space is fun to explore. What do you already know? Answer the following questions. 1. What is a star? 2. Can you see a planet without a telescope? 3. You are looking into the night sky and think you see a planet. How do you know it is a planet and not a star? Provide two re ...
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File

... 1. Be in orbit around a star (such as the Sun) 2. Have enough mass to be pulled into a stable sphere shape by gravity 3. Dominate its orbit (i.e., its mass must be greater than anything else that crosses its orbit) ...
Mathematics and Cosmos
Mathematics and Cosmos

... (26,000 yr cycle) – Eccentricity (varies from 0.00 to 0.06 with 100,000 and 400,000 yr cycles) – Axis tilt (varies from 24.5o to 21.5o with 41,000 yr cycle Milutin Milankovitch 1920 ...
photosphere
photosphere

... repulsion between protons) T ≥ 107 K = 10 million K ...
chapter14Sol
chapter14Sol

... • Sunspots http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunspots • Solar Flares http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_flares • Solar Prominences http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_Prominence • All are related to magnetic fields http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field ...
here
here

... b) Chromoshpere and Solar Flares: The part just above the photosphere is called the chromosphere. It is this sphere that gives the sun the redish colour. The chromopshere is the sun’s atmosphere. Sometimes this atmosphere erupts into violent stomrs sending part of the chromsphere into space. These ...
Chapter 27 Formation of the Solar System
Chapter 27 Formation of the Solar System

< 1 ... 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 ... 237 >

Standard solar model

The standard solar model (SSM) is a mathematical treatment of the Sun as a spherical ball of gas (in varying states of ionisation, with the hydrogen in the deep interior being a completely ionised plasma). This model, technically the spherically symmetric quasi-static model of a star, has stellar structure described by several differential equations derived from basic physical principles. The model is constrained by boundary conditions, namely the luminosity, radius, age and composition of the Sun, which are well determined. The age of the Sun cannot be measured directly; one way to estimate it is from the age of the oldest meteorites, and models of the evolution of the Solar System. The composition in the photosphere of the modern-day Sun, by mass, is 74.9% hydrogen and 23.8% helium. All heavier elements, called metals in astronomy, account for less than 2 percent of the mass. The SSM is used to test the validity of stellar evolution theory. In fact, the only way to determine the two free parameters of the stellar evolution model, the helium abundance and the mixing length parameter (used to model convection in the Sun), are to adjust the SSM to ""fit"" the observed Sun.
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