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Measuring Solar Mass Loss and Internal Structure from Monitoring
Measuring Solar Mass Loss and Internal Structure from Monitoring

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... A. Jupiter – fifth planet from the Sun, largest planet in the solar system 1. Atmosphere – primarily hydrogen and helium a. Below atmosphere, liquid hydrogen and helium are suspected. b. Solid rocky core may exist below liquid level. c. The Great Red Spot is the most spectacular of Jupiter’s many co ...
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... • Average density is water. • This is a stable region, kind of like the Stratosphere on the earth. • Starts 200k km below the photosphere, and ends 200k km above the center of the sun. That is 50% of the radius of the sun! • Energy is transferred by radiation. • Temperature ranges from 2 to 7 millio ...
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... 1. A hypothetical planet Upiter orbits the sun. Upiter’s semi-major axis is 5.2 AU. The mass of Upiter is 0.001 that of the sun. The eccentricity is 0.2. For this problem, ignore the other planets. a. (4 pts.) Compute Upiter’s specific energy and specific angular momentum. (The specific energy is th ...
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How the Universe Works – Planets

< 1 ... 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 ... 237 >

Standard solar model

The standard solar model (SSM) is a mathematical treatment of the Sun as a spherical ball of gas (in varying states of ionisation, with the hydrogen in the deep interior being a completely ionised plasma). This model, technically the spherically symmetric quasi-static model of a star, has stellar structure described by several differential equations derived from basic physical principles. The model is constrained by boundary conditions, namely the luminosity, radius, age and composition of the Sun, which are well determined. The age of the Sun cannot be measured directly; one way to estimate it is from the age of the oldest meteorites, and models of the evolution of the Solar System. The composition in the photosphere of the modern-day Sun, by mass, is 74.9% hydrogen and 23.8% helium. All heavier elements, called metals in astronomy, account for less than 2 percent of the mass. The SSM is used to test the validity of stellar evolution theory. In fact, the only way to determine the two free parameters of the stellar evolution model, the helium abundance and the mixing length parameter (used to model convection in the Sun), are to adjust the SSM to ""fit"" the observed Sun.
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