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Stellar life after the Main Sequence (cont.)
Stellar life after the Main Sequence (cont.)

... the surface is not a good indicator of its deep interior ...
Stars after the Main Sequence. Example: Betelgeuse (Alpha Orionis
Stars after the Main Sequence. Example: Betelgeuse (Alpha Orionis

transparencies
transparencies

30 August: Lines on the Sky
30 August: Lines on the Sky

... Using these ideas, let’s consider a coordinate system which is fixed with respect to the stars (as opposed to our position) Analogy: I am riding my bike on a dirt road near Lone Tree, and want to describe to someone in London the location of a radio tower I see in the ...
Other Facets of Giant Branch Evolution • As the envelope cools due
Other Facets of Giant Branch Evolution • As the envelope cools due

... that in higher mass stars, the core decreased in size during mainsequence evolution, leaving behind processed CNO. As a result, the surface abundance of 14 N grows at the expense of 12 C, as the processed material gets mixed onto the surface. This is called the first dredge-up. Typically, this dredg ...
15 - Edmodo
15 - Edmodo

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... Formation of the Solar System Formed 5 billion years ago Formed from a dust cloud of H+ and He ions. Gravitational attraction brought these particles close together Cloud rotated and formed shape of a rotating disk known as solar nebula ...
Early Astronomers and Space - pams-piper
Early Astronomers and Space - pams-piper

SCE 18 – Part 10
SCE 18 – Part 10

... • If we run this “backwards” we see that at earlier times, galaxies must have been closer together. • Eventually the distance would approach zero. • Would occur about 13-14 thousand million years ago. • Colloquially, this event is known as the “Big Bang” after Fred Hoyle. Georges Lemaître called it ...
Astronomy 110: Survey of Astronomy Homework #2
Astronomy 110: Survey of Astronomy Homework #2

... a. Mars orbits the Sun at an average distance of 1.5 AU. Use Kepler’s third law to determine how many years it takes Mars to complete one orbit around the Sun. (Be sure to show all work.) b. Pluto orbits the sun every 250 years. Use Kepler’s third law to determine how far (on average) Pluto is from ...
Reader`s Theater Our Closest Star
Reader`s Theater Our Closest Star

... strong enough to hold all of the parts of this system together. Is it any wonder the system is named after me? I am a star, your closest star. I may be millions of times closer to you than other stars, but I am still very far away. It would take a jet plane nineteen years to reach me. But, of course ...
Lecture 2/10 The Sun Ulf Torkelsson 1 The internal structure of the
Lecture 2/10 The Sun Ulf Torkelsson 1 The internal structure of the

Nuclear and Particle Physics - Lecture 26 Nucleosynthesis 1
Nuclear and Particle Physics - Lecture 26 Nucleosynthesis 1

... Sun so they do not contribute to its luminous power output, so the observable power is actually around 26.2 MeV per helium nucleus formed. Comparing this to the measured power output of the Sun allows us to calculate the rate of this reaction and hence predict the number of solar neutrinos we would ...
oct8
oct8

... We need a new form of matter called antimatter. Antimatter is made up of antiparticles which have the same mass as ordinary particles but opposite charge. Matter and antimatter will annihilate each other if they come in contact producing energy. ...
幻灯片1
幻灯片1

... Read the passage in Activity 2 and choose the best title. Put the words and expressions in the box in order: small—large galaxy planet solar system star universe planet star solar system galaxy universe ...
When the Sun Dies—12 Oct Composition of the sun
When the Sun Dies—12 Oct Composition of the sun

... • Sun will use up the hydrogen in the center in 5Byr • Center of sun must shrink to get hotter to balance gravity ...
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... • A million times denser than lead • Slowly cool off ...
post-class version, 374 KB - Department of Physics and Astronomy
post-class version, 374 KB - Department of Physics and Astronomy

... • These elements are the most abundant ones (except for helium, which will not condense into a solid or form any compounds) • Examples of compounds: water, carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia • Such compounds are called ices when solid ...
solar_notes_Feb11
solar_notes_Feb11

... Our Sun is one of about 100 billion in our galaxy (Milky Way); a normal “G2” star having average luminosity. Its average radius (696,000 km) is about 109 times that of Earth, and its mass is 1.989e+30 kg. ...
Space_Poems_970709278
Space_Poems_970709278

Lecture 18: Supernovae
Lecture 18: Supernovae

... Nuclei photodisintegrate into He, p, & n Protons & electrons combine into neutrons and neutrinos, neutrinos escape and carry off energy Makes the core collapse faster, as the insufficient pressure is decreased further ...
March 2013 - Joliet Junior College
March 2013 - Joliet Junior College

... overhead are Castor and Polux which mark the heads of the Gemini twins. To the left of Gemini is Cancer. The stars in Cancer are too dim to be seen in anything but very dark skies, but a binocular search through Cancer will find the Beehive star cluster. Next to Cancer is Leo the Lion. The red star, ...
Part 1
Part 1

... Major Regions of the Sun • Interior – Core – Radiative Zone – Convective Zone ...
Temperature Gradient - FIU Faculty Websites
Temperature Gradient - FIU Faculty Websites

The Sun and planets
The Sun and planets

< 1 ... 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 ... 237 >

Standard solar model

The standard solar model (SSM) is a mathematical treatment of the Sun as a spherical ball of gas (in varying states of ionisation, with the hydrogen in the deep interior being a completely ionised plasma). This model, technically the spherically symmetric quasi-static model of a star, has stellar structure described by several differential equations derived from basic physical principles. The model is constrained by boundary conditions, namely the luminosity, radius, age and composition of the Sun, which are well determined. The age of the Sun cannot be measured directly; one way to estimate it is from the age of the oldest meteorites, and models of the evolution of the Solar System. The composition in the photosphere of the modern-day Sun, by mass, is 74.9% hydrogen and 23.8% helium. All heavier elements, called metals in astronomy, account for less than 2 percent of the mass. The SSM is used to test the validity of stellar evolution theory. In fact, the only way to determine the two free parameters of the stellar evolution model, the helium abundance and the mixing length parameter (used to model convection in the Sun), are to adjust the SSM to ""fit"" the observed Sun.
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