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Garden-Variety Star - Wayne State University Physics and Astronomy
Garden-Variety Star - Wayne State University Physics and Astronomy

... The temperature drops from 10 million K at the inner side of the radiative zone to 2 million K at its edge The energy generated in the core is carried by photons that bounce from particle to particle through the radiative zone The photons are too energetic to be absorbed by atoms Each photon bounces ...
Formation of the Sun and Planets
Formation of the Sun and Planets

... The most widely accepted explanation of how the solar system formed is called the nebular hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, the Sun and the planets of our solar system formed about 4.6 billion years ago from the collapse of a giant cloud of gas and dust, called a nebula. The nebula was drawn ...
Fermi Gases
Fermi Gases

... • But also have filled energy levels and need to give enough energy to p/n so that there is an unfilled state available. Simplest to say “above” Fermi Energy • similar effect in solids. Superconductivity mostly involves electrons at the “top” of the Fermi well ...
Definitions of Magnitudes and Surface Brightness
Definitions of Magnitudes and Surface Brightness

chap11 (WP)
chap11 (WP)

Grade 9 Botony: plant nutrition
Grade 9 Botony: plant nutrition

... About a century ago, explorers discovered two golden birds among the ancient ruins of Great Zimbabwe. The birds were discovered in the remains of a building which may have been the sun-temple of the ancient Shona people of Zimbabwe. A myth of the Shona people relates that the sunbirds belonged origi ...
File 3rd quarter review
File 3rd quarter review

... Changing Seasons ands Constellations is evidence that the Earth __________. The Earth is closer to the sun during the __________ season. Preihelion – earth is __________to the sun. Aphelion – earth is __________ to the sun. The closer a planet is to the sun, the _____________ its velocity as its orb ...
Grade 3: Solar System
Grade 3: Solar System

... • Teacher will assign individual or small groups of students to be a specific planet, or the sun within the solar system. • Each group or student will be given a ball of string, four planet marker cards, and a planet information card that tells them the length of string they should cut which will re ...
AST443_1
AST443_1

... knows the intrinsic motions of a moving object, one can then extrapolate to predict the position at other epochs. – the equinox of the coordinates, which makes the RA and DEC of a stationary object change with time. One reduces the measured position to a standard equinox (e.g., B1950 or J2000), esse ...
Stellar Birth - ahsastronomy
Stellar Birth - ahsastronomy

The star is moving away from earth
The star is moving away from earth

... As time goes on, what will happen to the ratio of Hydrogen to Helium in this star? ...
Celestial Sphere • Constellations are patterns of stars on the sky
Celestial Sphere • Constellations are patterns of stars on the sky

PHYS1002: Founda^ons of Astronomy
PHYS1002: Founda^ons of Astronomy

... –  Add  12h+24hxN/365.25    =  Q    Because  the  sky  completes  one  rota0on  due  to  the  Earth’s   orbit  during  the  course  of  one  year.   –  Calculate  how  many  hours  before  midnight  you  were  born  =  M   –  Subtra ...
Origin of the Universe
Origin of the Universe

... – Protons and neutrons come together to form the nuclei of simple elements: hydrogen (1 proton), helium (2 protons) and lithium (3 protons) (1, 2 and 3 in periodic table). It will take another 300,000 years for electrons to be captured into orbits around these nuclei to form stable atoms. ...
File
File

old Astro-211 exam 2 (pdf format)
old Astro-211 exam 2 (pdf format)

... 15. Our planetary system (together with the Sun) formed about 4 21 billion years ago from a small part of a giant molecular cloud. 16. Homo-nuclear diatomic molecules like N2 do not contribute to the greenhouse effect. Give a short explanation (5 pts each) 17. Report three types of energy. What does ...
Class Project Physics 1010-042, Physics 1010
Class Project Physics 1010-042, Physics 1010

... Tcold = the temperature of the environment surrounding the heat engine Thot = the internal operating temperature of the engine This is the equation for the efficiency of a heat engine (your car is a heat engine unless you have an electric model). An e = 1 is 100% efficiency, meaning 100% of the ener ...
teacher resource - Michigan Science Center
teacher resource - Michigan Science Center

Evolved Massive Stars - University of Arizona
Evolved Massive Stars - University of Arizona

... • Wind driven by continuum opacity instead of line opacity • Photosphere lies in optically thick wind ...
Document
Document

... a. Halted by degeneracy pressure in the core. b. Halted when the atoms are pushed up against one another and contraction stops. c. Finally balanced by outward thermal pressure from nuclear reactions. d. Finally balanced by radiation emitted in the photosphere. e. none of the above. ...
the formation of the earth
the formation of the earth

... 5 light green felt circles with a diameter of 5” representing Oxygen 4 dark green felt circles with a diameter of 4” representing Neon 3 light blue felt circles with a diameter of 3” representing Magnesium 2 light purple felt circles with a diameter of 2” representing Silicon 1 dark purple felt circ ...
Luminosity and brightness
Luminosity and brightness

... Luminosity and brightness Luminosity Luminosity is a measure of the total energy given output by a star at all wavelengths form gamma radiation to radio waves. For example the Sun gives out about 500 million million million MJ of energy every second so its luminosity is 500 million million million M ...
Stars
Stars

... Light travels at a speed of 300,000 km/s. How many miles is a light year? ...
File
File

... Rotation on it’s axis: 10.7 hours Temperature: average temperature of minus 288 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 178 degrees Celsius) http://www.space.com/18473-saturn-temperature.html Moon: at least 17 moons Composition: Saturn is predominantly composed of hydrogen and helium, the two basic gases of the u ...
Exercise 9
Exercise 9

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Standard solar model

The standard solar model (SSM) is a mathematical treatment of the Sun as a spherical ball of gas (in varying states of ionisation, with the hydrogen in the deep interior being a completely ionised plasma). This model, technically the spherically symmetric quasi-static model of a star, has stellar structure described by several differential equations derived from basic physical principles. The model is constrained by boundary conditions, namely the luminosity, radius, age and composition of the Sun, which are well determined. The age of the Sun cannot be measured directly; one way to estimate it is from the age of the oldest meteorites, and models of the evolution of the Solar System. The composition in the photosphere of the modern-day Sun, by mass, is 74.9% hydrogen and 23.8% helium. All heavier elements, called metals in astronomy, account for less than 2 percent of the mass. The SSM is used to test the validity of stellar evolution theory. In fact, the only way to determine the two free parameters of the stellar evolution model, the helium abundance and the mixing length parameter (used to model convection in the Sun), are to adjust the SSM to ""fit"" the observed Sun.
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