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HYPERBOLIC VOLUME AND MOD p HOMOLOGY
HYPERBOLIC VOLUME AND MOD p HOMOLOGY

this paper (free) - International Journal of Pure and
this paper (free) - International Journal of Pure and

on spaces whose nowhere dense subsets are scati`ered 1
on spaces whose nowhere dense subsets are scati`ered 1

Paracompact subsets
Paracompact subsets

D int cl int cl A = int cl A.
D int cl int cl A = int cl A.

Chapter 4 Compact Topological Spaces
Chapter 4 Compact Topological Spaces

Limit Points and Closure
Limit Points and Closure

... element of A. This is clearly false and so we have a contradiction to our supposition. Therefore every limit point of A must belong to A. Conversely, assume that A contains all of its limit points. For each z  X \A, our assumption implies that there exists an open set U z 3 z such that U z  A = Ø; ...
Homology With Local Coefficients
Homology With Local Coefficients

Derived Representation Theory and the Algebraic K
Derived Representation Theory and the Algebraic K

ON DECOMPOSITION OF GENERALIZED CONTINUITY 1
ON DECOMPOSITION OF GENERALIZED CONTINUITY 1

Five Lectures on Dynamical Systems
Five Lectures on Dynamical Systems

COMBINATORIAL HOMOTOPY. I 1. Introduction. This is the first of a
COMBINATORIAL HOMOTOPY. I 1. Introduction. This is the first of a

... Let K be the universal covering complex of a CW-complex K. Since TI(K) = 1, irn(K) ^Tn(K) if n> 1 and since L is a Jm-complex if 7TV(L) = 0 for r = 1, • • • , m — 1 it follows from Theorem 10 that K is a J m -complex if 7r n (i£)=0 for n = 2, • • • , m — 1 . In particular if is a J^-complex if its u ...
Topological Spaces
Topological Spaces

Contra-e-Continuous Functions 1 Introduction
Contra-e-Continuous Functions 1 Introduction

on generalizations of regular-lindelöf spaces
on generalizations of regular-lindelöf spaces

Examples of random groups - Irma
Examples of random groups - Irma

Gal(Qp/Qp) as a geometric fundamental group
Gal(Qp/Qp) as a geometric fundamental group

K - CIS @ UPenn
K - CIS @ UPenn

... It should be noted that for a 0-simplex consisting of a single point {a0}, ∂{a0} = ∅, and Int {a0} = {a0}. Of course, a 0-simplex is a single point, a 1-simplex is the line segment (a0, a1), a 2-simplex is a triangle (a0, a1, a2) (with its interior), and a 3-simplex is a tetrahedron (a0, a1, a2, a3) ...
The bordism version of the h
The bordism version of the h

AN APPLICATION OF MACKEY`S SELECTION LEMMA 1
AN APPLICATION OF MACKEY`S SELECTION LEMMA 1

... Therefore the map (r, d) is open Corollary 1. Let G be a locally compact groupoid having open range map. Let F be a subset of G(0) meeting each orbit exactly once. If the map dF : GF → G(0) , dF (x) = d (x), is open, then the orbit space G(0) /G is proper. Proof. The fact that G(0) /G is a proper sp ...


On Totally sg-Continuity, Strongly sg
On Totally sg-Continuity, Strongly sg

... Theorem 4.6 Assume that arbitrary union of sg-open sets is sg-open. If X is a topological space and for each pair of distinct points x1 and x2 in X there exists a map f into a Urysohn topological space Y such that f(x1) ≠ f(x2) and f is csgcontinuous at x1 and x2, then X is sg-T2. Proof. Let x1 and ...
On clopen sets in Cartesian products
On clopen sets in Cartesian products

On (γ,δ)-Bitopological semi-closed set via topological ideal
On (γ,δ)-Bitopological semi-closed set via topological ideal

On Contra g-continuity in Ideal Topological Spaces
On Contra g-continuity in Ideal Topological Spaces

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Fundamental group

In the mathematics of algebraic topology, the fundamental group is a mathematical group associated to any given pointed topological space that provides a way to determine when two paths, starting and ending at a fixed base point, can be continuously deformed into each other. It records information about the basic shape, or holes, of the topological space. The fundamental group is the first and simplest homotopy group. The fundamental group is a topological invariant: homeomorphic topological spaces have the same fundamental group.Fundamental groups can be studied using the theory of covering spaces, since a fundamental group coincides with the group of deck transformations of the associated universal covering space. The abelianization of the fundamental group can be identified with the first homology group of the space. When the topological space is homeomorphic to a simplicial complex, its fundamental group can be described explicitly in terms of generators and relations.Henri Poincaré defined the fundamental group in 1895 in his paper ""Analysis situs"". The concept emerged in the theory of Riemann surfaces, in the work of Bernhard Riemann, Poincaré, and Felix Klein. It describes the monodromy properties of complex-valued functions, as well as providing a complete topological classification of closed surfaces.
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