File - NCEA Level 2 Biology
... gamete to produce a triploid (3N) zygote, or even two diploid gametes producing a tetraploid (4N) zygote. These types of chromosomal non-disjunctions are the result of all homologous chromosomes not separating during meiosis with one gamete having all (2N) chromosomes and the others having none. Pol ...
... gamete to produce a triploid (3N) zygote, or even two diploid gametes producing a tetraploid (4N) zygote. These types of chromosomal non-disjunctions are the result of all homologous chromosomes not separating during meiosis with one gamete having all (2N) chromosomes and the others having none. Pol ...
100 words to know before starting AP Biology
... 109 Terms to Know Before Starting AP Biology All students taking AP Biology need to start with some of the basic vocabulary used in the course. Your summer assignment is to know the following definitions as given below. You will be given the actual definition, characteristics, illustration or a para ...
... 109 Terms to Know Before Starting AP Biology All students taking AP Biology need to start with some of the basic vocabulary used in the course. Your summer assignment is to know the following definitions as given below. You will be given the actual definition, characteristics, illustration or a para ...
Semester 1 extra practice worksheet-model answers
... checkpoint must be passed; where DNA copying is checked for errors. The first three stages are collectively called the interphase. Mitosis: 4 STAGES a) Prophase: the chromosomes condense and become visible The nuclear membrane disintegrates The spindle starts to form b) Metaphase: Chromoso ...
... checkpoint must be passed; where DNA copying is checked for errors. The first three stages are collectively called the interphase. Mitosis: 4 STAGES a) Prophase: the chromosomes condense and become visible The nuclear membrane disintegrates The spindle starts to form b) Metaphase: Chromoso ...
Biobowl3_students
... When a DNA molecule replicates, a chromosome is then made up of two joined _______. ...
... When a DNA molecule replicates, a chromosome is then made up of two joined _______. ...
DNA is a long thin molecule that
... homologue. The pairing of homologous chromosomes, which does not occur in mitosis, is called ________________. Each pair of homologous chromosomes is called a ________________. In each tetrad, chromatids of the homologous chromosomes are aligned lengthwise so that the genes on one chromosome are adj ...
... homologue. The pairing of homologous chromosomes, which does not occur in mitosis, is called ________________. Each pair of homologous chromosomes is called a ________________. In each tetrad, chromatids of the homologous chromosomes are aligned lengthwise so that the genes on one chromosome are adj ...
Ch 13 Notes - Dublin City Schools
... • In metaphase II, the sister chromatids are arranged at the metaphase plate • Because of crossing over in meiosis I, the two sister chromatids of each chromosome are no longer genetically identical ...
... • In metaphase II, the sister chromatids are arranged at the metaphase plate • Because of crossing over in meiosis I, the two sister chromatids of each chromosome are no longer genetically identical ...
Genetics - Georgia Highlands College
... • Random fertilization – No control over which sperm or egg ...
... • Random fertilization – No control over which sperm or egg ...
Cell Reproduction: Mitosis & Meiosis
... DNA only replicated once before cell division Cells that never divide do not replicate DNA Cells don’t try to replicate DNA if lack the energy & raw materials to complete process ...
... DNA only replicated once before cell division Cells that never divide do not replicate DNA Cells don’t try to replicate DNA if lack the energy & raw materials to complete process ...
Students Mitosis 2011.ppt
... » microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules ˃ ________________ + cell locomotion ...
... » microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules ˃ ________________ + cell locomotion ...
Mitosis and the Cell Cycle
... 1. Chromatin: the relaxed, uncoiled state of the chromosome 2. Chromatid: one of two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome 3. Chromosome: threadlike structures within the nucleus containing genetic information that is passed on from generation to generation 4. Centromere: chromosome re ...
... 1. Chromatin: the relaxed, uncoiled state of the chromosome 2. Chromatid: one of two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome 3. Chromosome: threadlike structures within the nucleus containing genetic information that is passed on from generation to generation 4. Centromere: chromosome re ...
Genetics Review
... Adenine pairs with Guanine pairs with Cytosine pairs with Thymine pairs with What is another name for a sex cell? In meiosis, what happens to the number of chromosomes? How many sex cells are produced during meiosis? What is a mutation? Are all mutations harmful? How many pairs of chromosomes do hum ...
... Adenine pairs with Guanine pairs with Cytosine pairs with Thymine pairs with What is another name for a sex cell? In meiosis, what happens to the number of chromosomes? How many sex cells are produced during meiosis? What is a mutation? Are all mutations harmful? How many pairs of chromosomes do hum ...
Sample 5.3.B.2 Complete
... 5. Compare and contrast asexual and sexual types of reproduction that occur on the cellular and multicellular organism levels. Understand how asexual reproduction differs from sexual reproduction. Know the advantages and disadvantages of each. 6. Explain through the use of models or diagrams, why se ...
... 5. Compare and contrast asexual and sexual types of reproduction that occur on the cellular and multicellular organism levels. Understand how asexual reproduction differs from sexual reproduction. Know the advantages and disadvantages of each. 6. Explain through the use of models or diagrams, why se ...
DNA Replication
... Now, if a cell has 46 chromosomes in it And we have done DNA replication, Then that cell will have double the number of chromosomes…it will have 92 Is this normal? How do we get it back to 46? ...
... Now, if a cell has 46 chromosomes in it And we have done DNA replication, Then that cell will have double the number of chromosomes…it will have 92 Is this normal? How do we get it back to 46? ...
Why does a cell need to divide?
... Mitosis • Cell’s DNA separates – Creates 2 identical daughter cells – Same DNA – Same Number of Chromosomes in each cell ...
... Mitosis • Cell’s DNA separates – Creates 2 identical daughter cells – Same DNA – Same Number of Chromosomes in each cell ...
Mitosis Model Lab
... when chromosomes become organized and move in particular ways to ensure that the new cells contain identical genetic material. Because the life cycle of a cell progresses in a chronological order, it is helpful to build models that represent each phase of the cells life. Fill in the table below to h ...
... when chromosomes become organized and move in particular ways to ensure that the new cells contain identical genetic material. Because the life cycle of a cell progresses in a chronological order, it is helpful to build models that represent each phase of the cells life. Fill in the table below to h ...
File - Ms. D. Science CGPA
... The body cells of humans contain 46 chromosomes that form 23 pairs ...
... The body cells of humans contain 46 chromosomes that form 23 pairs ...
Chromosomes - Haiku Learning
... 4. Nonhistone: proteins that do not participate in the packing of DNA but control the activity of specific regions of the DNA 5. Chromatid: one of the two identical parts of the chromosome a) chromatids form as the DNA makes a copy of itself before cell division b) when the cell divides, each of the ...
... 4. Nonhistone: proteins that do not participate in the packing of DNA but control the activity of specific regions of the DNA 5. Chromatid: one of the two identical parts of the chromosome a) chromatids form as the DNA makes a copy of itself before cell division b) when the cell divides, each of the ...
Bio392-Chapter 10-2 - Cell Division- this one!!
... – 3. S phase copying of chromosomes – 4. G2 intense growth and activity; new proteins and organelles are made • Shortest of the four phases ...
... – 3. S phase copying of chromosomes – 4. G2 intense growth and activity; new proteins and organelles are made • Shortest of the four phases ...
Polygenic Traits
... • Mothers older than 35 have rapidly increasing risk. – 95% of non-disjunctions occur with the ovum. • Most Down syndrome babies are born to women younger than 35 because those are the ages that most women have children. • Dogma: all your oocytes are present at birth; meiosis is arrested in Prophase ...
... • Mothers older than 35 have rapidly increasing risk. – 95% of non-disjunctions occur with the ovum. • Most Down syndrome babies are born to women younger than 35 because those are the ages that most women have children. • Dogma: all your oocytes are present at birth; meiosis is arrested in Prophase ...
3 Meiosis
... are called diploid. Body cells are diploid cells. However, before an organism can reproduce sexually, it must make sex cells. Sex cells do not have homologous chromosomes. When sex cells are made, homologous chromosomes separate from one another. So, each sex cell has only one copy of each gene, ins ...
... are called diploid. Body cells are diploid cells. However, before an organism can reproduce sexually, it must make sex cells. Sex cells do not have homologous chromosomes. When sex cells are made, homologous chromosomes separate from one another. So, each sex cell has only one copy of each gene, ins ...
11-4 Meiosis
... • In many female animals, only one egg results from meiosis. The other three cells, called polar bodies, are usually not involved in reproduction. ...
... • In many female animals, only one egg results from meiosis. The other three cells, called polar bodies, are usually not involved in reproduction. ...
Study Guide for Evolution and Genetics Final Exam
... 11. If a diploid number of chromosomes is 46, what is the haploid number? 12. What are gametes? What is a male gamete called? What is a female gamete called? 13. Define sexual reproduction. 14. Chromosomes that contain the same genes but possibly different alleles are ___________. 15. Identify and e ...
... 11. If a diploid number of chromosomes is 46, what is the haploid number? 12. What are gametes? What is a male gamete called? What is a female gamete called? 13. Define sexual reproduction. 14. Chromosomes that contain the same genes but possibly different alleles are ___________. 15. Identify and e ...
eprint_12_11727_866
... occurs after cell division. The Cell Cycle is the sequence of growth, DNA replication, growth and cell division that all cells go through. Beginning after cytokinesis, the daughter cells are quite small and low on ATP. They acquire ATP and increase in size during the G1 phase of Interphase. Most cel ...
... occurs after cell division. The Cell Cycle is the sequence of growth, DNA replication, growth and cell division that all cells go through. Beginning after cytokinesis, the daughter cells are quite small and low on ATP. They acquire ATP and increase in size during the G1 phase of Interphase. Most cel ...
Spring Final Review - Summit School District
... -Identify if it is male or female and explain how you know. (sex chromosomes XX or XY) -Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis. (Describe the products of each the role of each in maintain life (haploid, diploid, growth, development, repair) (1N+1N= 2N) Define: Chromosome, chromatin, chromatid, cen ...
... -Identify if it is male or female and explain how you know. (sex chromosomes XX or XY) -Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis. (Describe the products of each the role of each in maintain life (haploid, diploid, growth, development, repair) (1N+1N= 2N) Define: Chromosome, chromatin, chromatid, cen ...
Meiosis
Meiosis /maɪˈoʊsɨs/ is a specialized type of cell division which reduces the chromosome number by half. This process occurs in all sexually reproducing single-celled and multi-celled eukaryotes, including animals, plants, and fungi. Errors in meiosis resulting in aneuploidy are the leading known cause of miscarriage and the most frequent genetic cause of developmental disabilities. In meiosis, DNA replication is followed by two rounds of cell division to produce four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. The two meiotic divisions are known as meiosis I and meiosis II. Before meiosis begins, during S phase of the cell cycle, the DNA of each chromosome is replicated so that it consists of two identical sister chromatids. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair with each other and can exchange genetic material in a process called chromosomal crossover. The homologous chromosomes are then segregated into two new daughter cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. At the end of meiosis I, sister chromatids remain attached and may differ from one another if crossing-over occurred. In meiosis II, the two cells produced during meiosis I divide again. Sister chromatids segregate from one another to produce four total daughter cells. These cells can mature into various types of gametes such as ova, sperm, spores, or pollen.Because the number of chromosomes is halved during meiosis, gametes can fuse (i.e. fertilization) to form a zygote with a complete chromosome count containing a combination of paternal and maternal chromosomes. Thus, meiosis and fertilization facilitate sexual reproduction with successive generations maintaining the same number of chromosomes. For example, a typical diploid human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total, half of maternal origin and half of paternal origin). Meiosis produces haploid gametes with one set of 23 chromosomes. When two gametes (an egg and a sperm) fuse, the resulting zygote is once again diploid, with the mother and father each contributing 23 chromosomes. This same pattern, but not the same number of chromosomes, occurs in all organisms that utilize meiosis. Thus, if a species has 30 chromosomes in its somatic cells, it will produce gametes with 15 chromosomes.