Lecture 14
... o Independent assortment is violated when 2 genes are close together on the same chromosome ...
... o Independent assortment is violated when 2 genes are close together on the same chromosome ...
Chromosomes come in pairs
... diploid organisms: -Chromosomes come in pairs -One member of each pair comes from each parent - Cells that will turn into gametes are sequestered early in development - minimizing replication. -At sexual maturity, gamete production begins. -Gametes are haploid. Their union produces a new diploid org ...
... diploid organisms: -Chromosomes come in pairs -One member of each pair comes from each parent - Cells that will turn into gametes are sequestered early in development - minimizing replication. -At sexual maturity, gamete production begins. -Gametes are haploid. Their union produces a new diploid org ...
Heredity – the passing of traits from parents to offspring
... DNA – cellular material with all the information about what traits a living thing may have Chromosome – thread like structures that organize DNA, each chromosome is a long DNA molecule (about 1.5 meters!) Gene – part of the DNA molecule that carries a specific trait (composed of 2 alleles) (ex. flow ...
... DNA – cellular material with all the information about what traits a living thing may have Chromosome – thread like structures that organize DNA, each chromosome is a long DNA molecule (about 1.5 meters!) Gene – part of the DNA molecule that carries a specific trait (composed of 2 alleles) (ex. flow ...
Name
... 32. A ______________________ is the offspring of parents that have different alleles for a trait. 33. A punnett square shows all the possible combinations of _________________ resulting from a cross. 34. An organism’s _______________________________ is its allele combination. 35. Chromosomes carry _ ...
... 32. A ______________________ is the offspring of parents that have different alleles for a trait. 33. A punnett square shows all the possible combinations of _________________ resulting from a cross. 34. An organism’s _______________________________ is its allele combination. 35. Chromosomes carry _ ...
GENES AND CHROMOSOMES
... mother and their Y chromosome from their father If the gene for white eyes is on the X chromosome it explains the fact that males carry only one copy of the gene that they got from their mother Calvin correlated an unusual pattern of inheritance, X linked, with an unusual pattern of chromosome segre ...
... mother and their Y chromosome from their father If the gene for white eyes is on the X chromosome it explains the fact that males carry only one copy of the gene that they got from their mother Calvin correlated an unusual pattern of inheritance, X linked, with an unusual pattern of chromosome segre ...
PPT 11-12
... • In metaphase II, the sister chromatids are arranged at the metaphase plate • Because of crossing over in meiosis I, the two sister chromatids of each chromosome are no longer genetically identical • The kinetochores of sister chromatids attach to microtubules extending from opposite poles ...
... • In metaphase II, the sister chromatids are arranged at the metaphase plate • Because of crossing over in meiosis I, the two sister chromatids of each chromosome are no longer genetically identical • The kinetochores of sister chromatids attach to microtubules extending from opposite poles ...
BIOL 101 Rev Oct 2015 - Glendale Community College
... Upon successful completion of the required coursework, the student will be able to: describe and compare the structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; describe, compare, and explain the differences between mitosis and meiosis, and identify cells in different stages of cell division; defi ...
... Upon successful completion of the required coursework, the student will be able to: describe and compare the structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; describe, compare, and explain the differences between mitosis and meiosis, and identify cells in different stages of cell division; defi ...
Human Genetics
... of homologous chromosomes do not move apart in Meiosis I or sister chromatids do not separate during Meiosis II leaves one cell with too few chromosomes and one cell with too many. ...
... of homologous chromosomes do not move apart in Meiosis I or sister chromatids do not separate during Meiosis II leaves one cell with too few chromosomes and one cell with too many. ...
Human sexual reproduction notes
... All offspring produced asexually are genetically identical. Advantage: large numbers of genetically identical offspring can be produced which will be as well adapted to conditions as their parents. ...
... All offspring produced asexually are genetically identical. Advantage: large numbers of genetically identical offspring can be produced which will be as well adapted to conditions as their parents. ...
Classical Papers
... • “The association of paternal and maternal chromosomes in pairs and their subsequent separation during the reduction division…may constitute the physical basis of the Mendelian laws of heredity” ...
... • “The association of paternal and maternal chromosomes in pairs and their subsequent separation during the reduction division…may constitute the physical basis of the Mendelian laws of heredity” ...
Medaka Fish Haploid Embryonic Stem Cells
... Medaka fish is a small laboratory fish that is widely used as a model organism in biomedical research. Repeated attempts in Drosophila, frog, mice and even humans have failed to derive homologous haploid cell populations. For the first time, we have successfully established the culture conditions fo ...
... Medaka fish is a small laboratory fish that is widely used as a model organism in biomedical research. Repeated attempts in Drosophila, frog, mice and even humans have failed to derive homologous haploid cell populations. For the first time, we have successfully established the culture conditions fo ...
Mitosis - Walton High
... Duplicated chromosomes become fully visible. Organelles called centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell. The nucleolus and nuclear membrane ...
... Duplicated chromosomes become fully visible. Organelles called centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell. The nucleolus and nuclear membrane ...
Cell Division—Mitosis Notes
... • Why do cells need to divide? 1. Living things grow by producing more cells, NOT because each cell increases in size 2. Repair of damaged Cssue 3. If cell gets too big, it cannot get enough nutrients ...
... • Why do cells need to divide? 1. Living things grow by producing more cells, NOT because each cell increases in size 2. Repair of damaged Cssue 3. If cell gets too big, it cannot get enough nutrients ...
Cell Division—Mitosis Notes EQ: How do cells divide? Cell Division cells
... Fruit fly = 8 chromosomes Fruit fly skin cell = 8 chromosomes Fruit fly heart cell = 8 chromosomes Fruit fly muscle cell = 8 chromosomes ...
... Fruit fly = 8 chromosomes Fruit fly skin cell = 8 chromosomes Fruit fly heart cell = 8 chromosomes Fruit fly muscle cell = 8 chromosomes ...
Cell Growth and Division Chapter 10
... • During prophase, the spindle, or the fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes is formed. • The spindle connects the centrioles to the chromosomes. • During prophase, the nuclear membrane ...
... • During prophase, the spindle, or the fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes is formed. • The spindle connects the centrioles to the chromosomes. • During prophase, the nuclear membrane ...
Mitosis Notes - Madeira City Schools
... assembling, microtubules of cytoskeleton disassemble providing material) ...
... assembling, microtubules of cytoskeleton disassemble providing material) ...
Biology B Final Review ANSWERS
... A. convergent evolution C. divergent evolution B. genetic drift D. parallelism Scientists can estimate more accurately at what point various groups of organisms diverged evolutionarily from one another by using which source of information? A. fossil record C. migration patterns B. DNA evidence D. ge ...
... A. convergent evolution C. divergent evolution B. genetic drift D. parallelism Scientists can estimate more accurately at what point various groups of organisms diverged evolutionarily from one another by using which source of information? A. fossil record C. migration patterns B. DNA evidence D. ge ...
Biology Notes: Seedless Nonvascular Plants (Moss Life Cycle)
... 2) Through _____________, sperm from the _____________ (male gametophyte) will _____________ to the ______________ (female gametophyte) to create a ______________ ______________ 3) Diploid ______________ will ______________ from ______________ 4) Sporophyte will ______________ haploid _________ ...
... 2) Through _____________, sperm from the _____________ (male gametophyte) will _____________ to the ______________ (female gametophyte) to create a ______________ ______________ 3) Diploid ______________ will ______________ from ______________ 4) Sporophyte will ______________ haploid _________ ...
ch06 (1) - earthjay science
... Chromosomes kind and numbers are constant for a species Diploid cells – cells with paired homologous chromosomes Mitosis – regeneration of new cells in organisms Meiosis – occurs in sexual reproduction when gametes are formed Haploid cells – reproductive cells without paired chromosomes Variation in ...
... Chromosomes kind and numbers are constant for a species Diploid cells – cells with paired homologous chromosomes Mitosis – regeneration of new cells in organisms Meiosis – occurs in sexual reproduction when gametes are formed Haploid cells – reproductive cells without paired chromosomes Variation in ...
Cell Cycle and Mitosis
... • Summarize the steps of mitosis/cytokinesis. • Prophase – chromatin condenses into chromosomes, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and the centrosomes move towards opposite sides of the cell. • Metaphase – chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell, with sister chromatids facing opposite sides o ...
... • Summarize the steps of mitosis/cytokinesis. • Prophase – chromatin condenses into chromosomes, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and the centrosomes move towards opposite sides of the cell. • Metaphase – chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell, with sister chromatids facing opposite sides o ...
File
... sperm and egg join in fertilization, you get 23 chromosomes from mom and 23 chromosomes from dad – a total of 46 chromosomes in ALL (DIPLOID or DOUBLE)! This DNA combination is in every one of your body cells and is unique to YOU! © Getting Nerdy, LLC ...
... sperm and egg join in fertilization, you get 23 chromosomes from mom and 23 chromosomes from dad – a total of 46 chromosomes in ALL (DIPLOID or DOUBLE)! This DNA combination is in every one of your body cells and is unique to YOU! © Getting Nerdy, LLC ...
Ch 9 Mitosis
... cell 1n combine, the new cell will be diploid 2n] These cells contain only 1 set of chromosomes Haploid cells have half the number of chromosomes that are present in diploid cells Human haploid cells have only 1 chromosome of each homologous pair & only 1 sex chromosomes ...
... cell 1n combine, the new cell will be diploid 2n] These cells contain only 1 set of chromosomes Haploid cells have half the number of chromosomes that are present in diploid cells Human haploid cells have only 1 chromosome of each homologous pair & only 1 sex chromosomes ...
Sexual Reproduction in Plants
... For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemyexams.co.uk/ ...
... For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemyexams.co.uk/ ...
File
... 1. What are two ways that sexual reproduction helps create and maintain genetic diversity? ...
... 1. What are two ways that sexual reproduction helps create and maintain genetic diversity? ...
Meiosis
Meiosis /maɪˈoʊsɨs/ is a specialized type of cell division which reduces the chromosome number by half. This process occurs in all sexually reproducing single-celled and multi-celled eukaryotes, including animals, plants, and fungi. Errors in meiosis resulting in aneuploidy are the leading known cause of miscarriage and the most frequent genetic cause of developmental disabilities. In meiosis, DNA replication is followed by two rounds of cell division to produce four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. The two meiotic divisions are known as meiosis I and meiosis II. Before meiosis begins, during S phase of the cell cycle, the DNA of each chromosome is replicated so that it consists of two identical sister chromatids. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair with each other and can exchange genetic material in a process called chromosomal crossover. The homologous chromosomes are then segregated into two new daughter cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. At the end of meiosis I, sister chromatids remain attached and may differ from one another if crossing-over occurred. In meiosis II, the two cells produced during meiosis I divide again. Sister chromatids segregate from one another to produce four total daughter cells. These cells can mature into various types of gametes such as ova, sperm, spores, or pollen.Because the number of chromosomes is halved during meiosis, gametes can fuse (i.e. fertilization) to form a zygote with a complete chromosome count containing a combination of paternal and maternal chromosomes. Thus, meiosis and fertilization facilitate sexual reproduction with successive generations maintaining the same number of chromosomes. For example, a typical diploid human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total, half of maternal origin and half of paternal origin). Meiosis produces haploid gametes with one set of 23 chromosomes. When two gametes (an egg and a sperm) fuse, the resulting zygote is once again diploid, with the mother and father each contributing 23 chromosomes. This same pattern, but not the same number of chromosomes, occurs in all organisms that utilize meiosis. Thus, if a species has 30 chromosomes in its somatic cells, it will produce gametes with 15 chromosomes.