HIV Associated TB: A Major Public Health Challenge Mitzi Nisbet
... challenge to TB control, especially in resource-limited settings. Among the estimated 8.7 million new TB cases in 2011, 1.1 million (13%) had HIV infection. Co-infection with HIV leads to challenges in both the diagnosis and treatment of TB. Drug resistant TB, including multi-drug and extensively dr ...
... challenge to TB control, especially in resource-limited settings. Among the estimated 8.7 million new TB cases in 2011, 1.1 million (13%) had HIV infection. Co-infection with HIV leads to challenges in both the diagnosis and treatment of TB. Drug resistant TB, including multi-drug and extensively dr ...
Prokaryote- cell without a nucleus • Bacillus
... • Binary fission- reproduction where bacterial divides in half • Conjugation- reproduction exchange genetic information • Endospore – reproduction when growth conditions are unfavorable • Virus- organism that contains DNA/RNA and a capsid • Capsid – out protein coating • Bacteriophage – viruses that ...
... • Binary fission- reproduction where bacterial divides in half • Conjugation- reproduction exchange genetic information • Endospore – reproduction when growth conditions are unfavorable • Virus- organism that contains DNA/RNA and a capsid • Capsid – out protein coating • Bacteriophage – viruses that ...
Defense Against Infectious Diseases
... • Antigens – Foreign substances that stimulate an immune response in the body Antigens are displayed on pathogen like an address (mark pathogens), Antibodies attach to antigens to help the body fight the intruder. ...
... • Antigens – Foreign substances that stimulate an immune response in the body Antigens are displayed on pathogen like an address (mark pathogens), Antibodies attach to antigens to help the body fight the intruder. ...
Essential Knowledge 3.C.3: Viral replication results in genetic
... Viruses reproduce in a host cell following one of two general replicative mechanisms. Compare and contrast the lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle of viral reproduction. ...
... Viruses reproduce in a host cell following one of two general replicative mechanisms. Compare and contrast the lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle of viral reproduction. ...
Infectious Diseases Practice Quiz and Exercises ANSWERS
... 11. In which respect are viruses different from bacteria? OBLIGATE intracellular PARASITES - need LIVING host for survival & replication: makes culturing very difficult! They are NOT cells but consist of either a strand of RNA or DNA in a hard protein coat – capsid. 12. Why is it difficult to find m ...
... 11. In which respect are viruses different from bacteria? OBLIGATE intracellular PARASITES - need LIVING host for survival & replication: makes culturing very difficult! They are NOT cells but consist of either a strand of RNA or DNA in a hard protein coat – capsid. 12. Why is it difficult to find m ...
Viruses - Elgin Local Schools
... Viruses: Nucleic Acids: -DNA or RNA -single strand or double strand Capsid: proteins coat that enables infection of cell ...
... Viruses: Nucleic Acids: -DNA or RNA -single strand or double strand Capsid: proteins coat that enables infection of cell ...
Viruses - Elgin Local Schools
... Viruses: Nucleic Acids: -DNA or RNA -single strand or double strand Capsid: proteins coat that enables infection of cell ...
... Viruses: Nucleic Acids: -DNA or RNA -single strand or double strand Capsid: proteins coat that enables infection of cell ...
8th grade -Quiz 2 Study Guide- Vocabulary (A word bank will be
... 2 examples of a communicable disease The main difference between a virus and a bacterial infection Be able to name 3 STD’s and one fact about each one 3 ways to prevent you from getting an STD 2 ways STD’s can be spread from one person to another 3. Contraceptives: Identify 3 types of co ...
... 2 examples of a communicable disease The main difference between a virus and a bacterial infection Be able to name 3 STD’s and one fact about each one 3 ways to prevent you from getting an STD 2 ways STD’s can be spread from one person to another 3. Contraceptives: Identify 3 types of co ...
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the causative agent for AIDS
... receptors to which HIV can attach to promote entry into the cell. The infection extends to lymphoid tissues which contain follicular dendritic cells that can become infected and provide a reservoir for continuing infection of CD4+ Tlymphocytes. HIV can also be spread via blood or blood products, mos ...
... receptors to which HIV can attach to promote entry into the cell. The infection extends to lymphoid tissues which contain follicular dendritic cells that can become infected and provide a reservoir for continuing infection of CD4+ Tlymphocytes. HIV can also be spread via blood or blood products, mos ...
Topic: Basic and Translational Studies on the Human Retrovirus
... These studies were further extended to suppress growth of non‐virally induced human tumors in the NOG mice. As is the case with host proteins, viral proteins are also modified post‐translationally by several modifications, such as phosphorylation, and ubiquitination, and such modification is pivot ...
... These studies were further extended to suppress growth of non‐virally induced human tumors in the NOG mice. As is the case with host proteins, viral proteins are also modified post‐translationally by several modifications, such as phosphorylation, and ubiquitination, and such modification is pivot ...
Transmission of HIV
... ◦ Symptoms worsen – localized infections, nervous system symptoms ◦ Thrush is common, also shingles, vaginal candida, oral/genital herpes, bacterial infection, Kaposi’s sarcoma, oral hairy leukoplakia ◦ Increased viral load, CD4+ T cells 200-500 ...
... ◦ Symptoms worsen – localized infections, nervous system symptoms ◦ Thrush is common, also shingles, vaginal candida, oral/genital herpes, bacterial infection, Kaposi’s sarcoma, oral hairy leukoplakia ◦ Increased viral load, CD4+ T cells 200-500 ...
What is a virus
... Can cause disease - Germ theory of infectious disease- disease can be caused by microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, protists). - Examples with DNA: herpes, chicken pox, flu, rabies, polio, smallpox - Specific to what they infect= they have target areas. Ex: a stomach virus that is inhaled will not in ...
... Can cause disease - Germ theory of infectious disease- disease can be caused by microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, protists). - Examples with DNA: herpes, chicken pox, flu, rabies, polio, smallpox - Specific to what they infect= they have target areas. Ex: a stomach virus that is inhaled will not in ...
03-131 Genes, Diseases and Drugs Lecture 1 August 23, 2015
... 1. Viruses bind to two proteins proteins displayed on the TH cell membrane. 2. The virus then fuses with the cell membrane. Release of RNA genome from its lipid envelope in the cytoplasm, along with reverse transcriptase, integrase, and HIV protease 3. The enzyme reverse transcriptase first makes a ...
... 1. Viruses bind to two proteins proteins displayed on the TH cell membrane. 2. The virus then fuses with the cell membrane. Release of RNA genome from its lipid envelope in the cytoplasm, along with reverse transcriptase, integrase, and HIV protease 3. The enzyme reverse transcriptase first makes a ...
viruses - Spanish Point Biology
... b) Inject – the virus injects its ……….(or ……)through the cell wall/membrane into the host cell. c) Copy – the virus uses host cell’s ………. to copy its ………./RNA. d) Make – the virus uses the host cell’s ribosomes to make new ……… coats. e) Assembly – the new viral DNA/RNA and the new viral ………… are ass ...
... b) Inject – the virus injects its ……….(or ……)through the cell wall/membrane into the host cell. c) Copy – the virus uses host cell’s ………. to copy its ………./RNA. d) Make – the virus uses the host cell’s ribosomes to make new ……… coats. e) Assembly – the new viral DNA/RNA and the new viral ………… are ass ...
HIV Vaccine Immunogen Design
... with the capacity of the virus to evade adaptive immune responses, represents unprecedented challenges for vaccine development. At an individual level, studies have shown that the effectiveness of T cell responses in natural infection is a complex interplay between viral diversity, the Human Leukocy ...
... with the capacity of the virus to evade adaptive immune responses, represents unprecedented challenges for vaccine development. At an individual level, studies have shown that the effectiveness of T cell responses in natural infection is a complex interplay between viral diversity, the Human Leukocy ...
HIV Worksheet A Lead-in 1 Do you know what the letters
... Step 3 - Viral DNA, now doublestranded is transported into the nucleus and the nuclear membrane. In the nucleus, the enzyme called integrase fuses it with the host cell's normal DNA. Viral DNA can persist within the cell's DNA for many years in a latent state, which further complicates efforts to tr ...
... Step 3 - Viral DNA, now doublestranded is transported into the nucleus and the nuclear membrane. In the nucleus, the enzyme called integrase fuses it with the host cell's normal DNA. Viral DNA can persist within the cell's DNA for many years in a latent state, which further complicates efforts to tr ...
Our selections for Fall 2005
... – Mixing of viruses that infect birds, pigs, produce new strains able to jump to humans. – New antigenic type leaves population unprotected – Numerous epidemics throughout history • Flu of 1918-1919 killed 20 million – Asia watched very carefully: bird flu? ...
... – Mixing of viruses that infect birds, pigs, produce new strains able to jump to humans. – New antigenic type leaves population unprotected – Numerous epidemics throughout history • Flu of 1918-1919 killed 20 million – Asia watched very carefully: bird flu? ...
Viruses
... Only 3 characteristics of life: reproduction, evolution, and genetic code (DNA/RNA) Can only reproduce inside a host cell! Process or reproduction = lytic cycle ...
... Only 3 characteristics of life: reproduction, evolution, and genetic code (DNA/RNA) Can only reproduce inside a host cell! Process or reproduction = lytic cycle ...
The Effect of HIV on the Immune System
... Using the process of reverse transcriptase, HIV travels through the infected body infecting CD4+T cells. T cells are responsible for helping B cells in make antibodies or killing foreign cells aside from bacteria. The HIV infection makes the T cells useless, as well as using them to reproduce and in ...
... Using the process of reverse transcriptase, HIV travels through the infected body infecting CD4+T cells. T cells are responsible for helping B cells in make antibodies or killing foreign cells aside from bacteria. The HIV infection makes the T cells useless, as well as using them to reproduce and in ...
Virus Replication PPT
... capsid genetic material (DNA or RNA) Envelope made of stolen cell membrane Glycoproteins that attach to cells (handshake) ...
... capsid genetic material (DNA or RNA) Envelope made of stolen cell membrane Glycoproteins that attach to cells (handshake) ...
QUIZ: Viruses, Viroids and Prions
... 9. ______ the most convenient metric unit for measuring the relative size of virus particles 10. ______ cell or organism that is infected by a virus 11. ______ a virus that infects plants 12. ______ an infectious packet of genetic material that interferes with normal cell function 12. ______ forms w ...
... 9. ______ the most convenient metric unit for measuring the relative size of virus particles 10. ______ cell or organism that is infected by a virus 11. ______ a virus that infects plants 12. ______ an infectious packet of genetic material that interferes with normal cell function 12. ______ forms w ...
HIV
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. Without treatment, average survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HIV subtype. Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk. Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells.HIV infects vital cells in the human immune system such as helper T cells (specifically CD4+ T cells), macrophages, and dendritic cells. HIV infection leads to low levels of CD4+ T cells through a number of mechanisms, including apoptosis of uninfected bystander cells, direct viral killing of infected cells, and killing of infected CD4+ T cells by CD8 cytotoxic lymphocytes that recognize infected cells. When CD4+ T cell numbers decline below a critical level, cell-mediated immunity is lost, and the body becomes progressively more susceptible to opportunistic infections.