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Chicken pox - Healthwise
Chicken pox - Healthwise

... Other groups at risk of severe complications from chicken pox are those with an impaired immune system. This includes patients receiving therapy for cancer and those on oral corticosteroid treatment (for example, people with severe asthma). If they have not had chicken pox before, these people must ...
Hepatitis A Virus Transmission
Hepatitis A Virus Transmission

... IgM anti-HAV ...
01_front. - Massey Research Online
01_front. - Massey Research Online

... specificity of 73 .68% for detecting the New Zealand IBDV strain infection. This indicated that there should be further evaluation of the use of serological testing as the sole method for the detection of IBDV infected farms in the current control scheme. ...
CDC - OSAP
CDC - OSAP

... The findings and conclusions of this presentation are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Disclosure: Neither I nor members of my immediate family have any financial relationships with commercial entities that ...
Vaccines - Blum Animal Hospital
Vaccines - Blum Animal Hospital

... "This reaction will either prevent infection or lessen the severity of infection and promote rapid recovery." This reaction will either prevent infection or lessen the severity of infection and promote rapid recovery. In other words, vaccination mimics or simulates the protection (immunity) that a p ...
2914 preventing the spread of contagious illness
2914 preventing the spread of contagious illness

... • The onset of symptoms of swine flu is similar to those of the common seasonal flu, including weakness, fever, body ache, sore throat, vomiting or diarrhea. • In some cases, the illness can become severe, escalating to pneumonia and respiratory failure. Some deaths have also been reported. AVIAN FL ...
A release-competent influenza A virus mutant lacking the coding
A release-competent influenza A virus mutant lacking the coding

... the NA ; however, this defective gene did not contain genomic information encoding the head carrying the NA active site. Similarly, the defective NA gene of the delNA-28 mutant encoded a peptide of 74 amino acids. Importantly, sequence analysis detected no changes in the HA of the delNA-31 and the d ...
ebola in context: understanding transmission, response and control
ebola in context: understanding transmission, response and control

... infectious before they have symptoms. This can help the infection to spread more easily. If the latent period is longer than the incubation period, then people are infectious only after symptoms start. This means they can be recognised as being ill before they are infectious. For Ebola the incubatio ...
Avian & Pandemic Influenza
Avian & Pandemic Influenza

... Avian influenza, commonly known as "avian flu" or "bird flu," is caused by influenza type A viruses that normally only occur in birds. Avian flu is very contagious among birds and can make some domesticated birds, such as chickens, ducks and turkeys, very sick and kill them. These viruses usually do ...
Week 8 Power Points
Week 8 Power Points

... National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza The National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza , issued by President Bush November 1, 2005, guides our nation's preparedness and response to an influenza pandemic, with the intent of: (1) stopping, slowing or otherwise limiting the spread of a pandemic to the U ...
pepper (Piper nigrum L.)` Division of Crop Protection Indian Institute
pepper (Piper nigrum L.)` Division of Crop Protection Indian Institute

... is very important to check further spread of the virus. In order to check the virus-free nature of the planting material, use of sensitive and reliable diagnostic methods are essential. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based serological assays are the most reliable methods for identifying v ...
Airborne transmission of lyssaviruses
Airborne transmission of lyssaviruses

... distribution of CVS following introduction of virus (Fig. 1). Total RNA was extracted from the tongue, lungs and stomach (including stomach contents) to detect virus using hemi-nested PCR. All first-round amplifications were negative. However, nested PCR detected RABV in the stomach (Fig. 1, lanes 1 ...
PEDV - Eapa - The European Animal Protein Association
PEDV - Eapa - The European Animal Protein Association

... • Highly conserved: Best for testing ...
Epstein-barr virus and infectious mononucleosis
Epstein-barr virus and infectious mononucleosis

... • Heterophile is not always present in children with IM • Antibodies (heterophile) detected by the Monospot can be caused by conditions other than EBV or Mononucleosis • A + monospot may indicate that the pt has a typical case of IM, but it does not confirm an EBV infection • (CDC, 2014b) ...
Vaccination: A Tool for the Control of Avian Influenza
Vaccination: A Tool for the Control of Avian Influenza

... addressed the evolution of the outbreaks of avian influenza (H5N1) on 3 continents (Asia, Europe, and Africa), the strategies used to control the outbreaks, and the various aspects of vaccination of poultry against H5N1. The presentations were made at an international conference of avian influenza e ...
Central nervous system infections
Central nervous system infections

... rare and usually follow surgery or trauma, chronic osteomyelitis of neighboring bone, septic embolism or chronic cerebral anoxia. They are also seen in children with congenital cyanotic heart disease in whom the lungs fail to filter off circulating bacteria.  Acute abscesses are caused by various b ...
Foodborne Viruses - International Life Sciences Institute
Foodborne Viruses - International Life Sciences Institute

... everal groups of viruses may infect persons after ingestion and then are shed via stool. Of these, the Norwalk-like caliciviruses (NLV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) are currently recognised as the most important human foodborne pathogens with regard to the number of outbreaks and people affected in t ...
Classical Swine Fever
Classical Swine Fever

... The most commonly used tests are virus neutralization tests, which include the fluorescent antibody virus neutralization (FAVN) test and the neutralizing peroxidase– linked assay (NPLA), and various ELISAs. Antibodies against ruminant pestiviruses may be found in breeding animals; only tests that us ...
Variable region of the 39 UTR is a critical virulence factor in the Far
Variable region of the 39 UTR is a critical virulence factor in the Far

... Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a major arbovirus that causes thousands of cases of severe neurological illness in humans annually. However, virulence factors and pathological mechanisms of TBEV remain largely unknown. To identify the virulence factors, we constructed chimeric viruses betwee ...
Diagnosis and monitoring of the main materno
Diagnosis and monitoring of the main materno

... * IgM, usually persists for several months except in some cases when it is ≤ one month. ...
STD - Illinois State University Department of Psychology
STD - Illinois State University Department of Psychology

... are harmless and go away without treatment. Related to the occurrence of pre-cancerous cells on the cervix. Persistent HPV infection is found in most cases of cervical cancer. A new vaccine, Gardasil, protects against four HPV types, which together cause 70% of cervical cancers and 90% of genital wa ...
Feline infectious peritonitis
Feline infectious peritonitis

... Histologic examination of the abdominal organs demonstrated that the serosal plaques were composed of large amounts of fibrin and inflammatory cells consisting of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages with occasional clusters of degenerate neutrophils with pyknotic nuclei (Figure 3). The clinic ...
Gonorrhea - the Department of Psychology at Illinois State
Gonorrhea - the Department of Psychology at Illinois State

... Human Papilloma Virus Most common sites in women: vulva, vagina, cervix, & anus ...
Very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) in vaccinated
Very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) in vaccinated

... Feed conversion rate Production number ...
HERPES B-VIRUS EXPOSURE PROTOCOL
HERPES B-VIRUS EXPOSURE PROTOCOL

... isolated from Sulawesi Crested Macaques in zoos. If the current EEP populations are infected the virus could have originated from wild caught animals (if Herpes B is endemic in wild populations) or from other macaques species housed in zoos which are known to harbor the virus. There is potential tha ...
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Norovirus



Norovirus, sometimes known as the winter vomiting bug in the UK, is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans. It affects people of all ages. The virus is transmitted by fecally contaminated food or water, by person-to-person contact, and via aerosolization of the virus and subsequent contamination of surfaces. The virus affects around 267 million people and causes over 200,000 deaths each year; these deaths are usually in less developed countries and in the very young, elderly and immunosuppressed.Norovirus infection is characterized by nausea, projectile vomiting, malodorous watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and in some cases, loss of taste. General lethargy, weakness, muscle aches, headache, and low-grade fever may occur. The disease is usually self-limiting, and severe illness is rare. Although having norovirus can be unpleasant, it is not usually dangerous and most who contract it make a full recovery within a couple of days. Norovirus is rapidly inactivated by either sufficient heating or by chlorine-based disinfectants and polyquaternary amines, but the virus is less susceptible to alcohols and detergents.After infection, immunity to norovirus is usually incomplete and temporary, with one publication drawing the conclusion that protective immunity to the same strain of norovirus lasts for six months, but that all such immunity is gone after two years. Outbreaks of norovirus infection often occur in closed or semiclosed communities, such as long-term care facilities, overnight camps, hospitals, schools, prisons, dormitories, and cruise ships, where the infection spreads very rapidly either by person-to-person transmission or through contaminated food. Many norovirus outbreaks have been traced to food that was handled by one infected person.The genus name Norovirus is derived from Norwalk virus, the only species of the genus. The species causes approximately 90% of epidemic nonbacterial outbreaks of gastroenteritis around the world, and may be responsible for 50% of all foodborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States.
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