Outbreak of West Nile virus infection among
... causing outbreaks in countries neighbouring Serbia: Italy in 2008–10, Hungary in 2008, Albania and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia in 2011 [6-9]. In Greece in 2010, 262 cases of WNV human infection were reported, including 197 patients with neuroinvasive disease [10]. In the following year ...
... causing outbreaks in countries neighbouring Serbia: Italy in 2008–10, Hungary in 2008, Albania and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia in 2011 [6-9]. In Greece in 2010, 262 cases of WNV human infection were reported, including 197 patients with neuroinvasive disease [10]. In the following year ...
Statutory Reporting of “Variant Influenza A(H3N2) ”
... order to prepare in advance for possible importations of this infection into Hong Kong and their consequences, there is public health justification to strengthen the surveillance of this type of influenza to enable effective public health preventive and control measures be implemented locally. It is ...
... order to prepare in advance for possible importations of this infection into Hong Kong and their consequences, there is public health justification to strengthen the surveillance of this type of influenza to enable effective public health preventive and control measures be implemented locally. It is ...
Review Article Endogenous Murine Leukemia Viruses
... 22Rv1 cell line has been distributed worldwide and widely used for studies on prostate cancer biology. At the time of this publication, PubMed listed over 200 papers reporting its use from many different laboratories, none of which could have been aware before 2009 that it was producing 109 – 1010 of ...
... 22Rv1 cell line has been distributed worldwide and widely used for studies on prostate cancer biology. At the time of this publication, PubMed listed over 200 papers reporting its use from many different laboratories, none of which could have been aware before 2009 that it was producing 109 – 1010 of ...
2014 Ebola Outbreak Response West Africa
... and reported low-grade fever, diagnosed with EVD on October 15, currently receiving treatment at Emory University Hospital in Atlanta. NY Medical Aid Worker, Case 4 – Worked with Ebola patients in Guinea, was self-monitoring and reported fever, diagnosed with EVD on October 24, currently in isolat ...
... and reported low-grade fever, diagnosed with EVD on October 15, currently receiving treatment at Emory University Hospital in Atlanta. NY Medical Aid Worker, Case 4 – Worked with Ebola patients in Guinea, was self-monitoring and reported fever, diagnosed with EVD on October 24, currently in isolat ...
Ebola Virus Disease
... and presented to hospital reporting low-grade fever, diagnosed with EVD on October 10, recovered and released from NIH Clinical Center October 24. TX Healthcare Worker, Case 3 – Cared for index patient, was self-monitoring and reported low-grade fever, diagnosed with EVD on October 15, currently r ...
... and presented to hospital reporting low-grade fever, diagnosed with EVD on October 10, recovered and released from NIH Clinical Center October 24. TX Healthcare Worker, Case 3 – Cared for index patient, was self-monitoring and reported low-grade fever, diagnosed with EVD on October 15, currently r ...
Hepatitis A virus – a general overview.
... of the population remains susceptible throughout adulthood whenever the virus is introduced, but the less opportunity for the exposure of virus contributes to the lower cases of hepatitis A infection. In North America, hepatitis A infection mainly occurs in the community as a whole, mostly affecting ...
... of the population remains susceptible throughout adulthood whenever the virus is introduced, but the less opportunity for the exposure of virus contributes to the lower cases of hepatitis A infection. In North America, hepatitis A infection mainly occurs in the community as a whole, mostly affecting ...
Genetic analysis and comparative virulence of infectious salmon
... and Norway_II_2. This notion was first proposed by Kibenge et al.[3] and was confirmed by this and other studies. In view of these data, we performed phylogenetic analysis of Chilean ISAV isolates using a typical Norway_II_2 isolate as outgroup. A phylogenetic tree comprising 74 Chilean ISAV isolate ...
... and Norway_II_2. This notion was first proposed by Kibenge et al.[3] and was confirmed by this and other studies. In view of these data, we performed phylogenetic analysis of Chilean ISAV isolates using a typical Norway_II_2 isolate as outgroup. A phylogenetic tree comprising 74 Chilean ISAV isolate ...
ENA Topic Brief: Ebola Virus Disease
... occur when families or care givers choose to care for infected patients at home without practicing the necessary precautions. Healthcare workers have been infected while treating patients with suspected or confirmed EVD through direct, close contact when proper infection control measures were not st ...
... occur when families or care givers choose to care for infected patients at home without practicing the necessary precautions. Healthcare workers have been infected while treating patients with suspected or confirmed EVD through direct, close contact when proper infection control measures were not st ...
Research paper : Serological evidence of recent dengue virus
... some past studies done on dengue such as that of Teixeira et al. (2012) who reported on sero-incidence of Dengue infection in pre-school children in Brazil and Baba et al. (2009). With regards to Age group, a higher prevalence was observed in age group 3>5, in respect to other age groups. This is ex ...
... some past studies done on dengue such as that of Teixeira et al. (2012) who reported on sero-incidence of Dengue infection in pre-school children in Brazil and Baba et al. (2009). With regards to Age group, a higher prevalence was observed in age group 3>5, in respect to other age groups. This is ex ...
sirtuins forge ahead
... infections and inhibits sirtuins in the lung and respiratory tract. “During flu season, influenza A and B are responsible for maybe 20% of all respiratory infections, but there are a lot of other viruses that infect people — colds, SARS. Our vision is to target respiratory infections as a group,” sa ...
... infections and inhibits sirtuins in the lung and respiratory tract. “During flu season, influenza A and B are responsible for maybe 20% of all respiratory infections, but there are a lot of other viruses that infect people — colds, SARS. Our vision is to target respiratory infections as a group,” sa ...
Spread of Herpes Simplex Virus within Ocular Nerves of the Mouse
... further evidence that virus can reach the eye by zosteriform spread (Blyth et al., 1984; Shimeld et al., 1985a; C.M.P. Claou6, unpublished results). Indeed, section of the branches of the trigeminal nerve where they emerge from the infraorbital foramen considerably reduces the amount of virus reachi ...
... further evidence that virus can reach the eye by zosteriform spread (Blyth et al., 1984; Shimeld et al., 1985a; C.M.P. Claou6, unpublished results). Indeed, section of the branches of the trigeminal nerve where they emerge from the infraorbital foramen considerably reduces the amount of virus reachi ...
Ferrets develop fatal influenza after inhaling small particle aerosols
... transmission is the predominant mode by which infection by seasonal influenza A viruses is acquired by humans [7,9,10]. However, others refer to aerosols as an important mode of transmission for influenza [11-15]. It is also possible that transmission occurs through direct contact with secretions or ...
... transmission is the predominant mode by which infection by seasonal influenza A viruses is acquired by humans [7,9,10]. However, others refer to aerosols as an important mode of transmission for influenza [11-15]. It is also possible that transmission occurs through direct contact with secretions or ...
Patterns of a Sylvatic Yellow Fever Virus Amplification
... (Ae. pseudoscutellaris mosquito) or Vero African green kidney cells as described previously.28 Cells were incubated at 28 °C (AP61) or 37 °C (Vero), and cytopathic effects were recorded daily. Within 10 days, slides were prepared for immunofluorescence assay (IFA) against seven pools of immune ascit ...
... (Ae. pseudoscutellaris mosquito) or Vero African green kidney cells as described previously.28 Cells were incubated at 28 °C (AP61) or 37 °C (Vero), and cytopathic effects were recorded daily. Within 10 days, slides were prepared for immunofluorescence assay (IFA) against seven pools of immune ascit ...
USMLE Step 1 Web Prep — Medically Important Viruses, Part 3
... intranuclear inclusion bodies with smaller eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies Dangerous in HIV+ patients Treat with gangcyclovir ...
... intranuclear inclusion bodies with smaller eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies Dangerous in HIV+ patients Treat with gangcyclovir ...
File - PCHS Health Science Education
... how germs spread Describe each link in the chain of infection Relate the chain of infection to the work of nurse aides Describe the signs and symptoms of infection to report to the nurse Compare standard precautions and transmission-based precautions ...
... how germs spread Describe each link in the chain of infection Relate the chain of infection to the work of nurse aides Describe the signs and symptoms of infection to report to the nurse Compare standard precautions and transmission-based precautions ...
INDUCTION OF SEVERE DISEASE IN HAMSTERS BY TWO
... and humans.1–3 The disease is of considerable public health and veterinary importance in that region. The causative agent, RVF virus, is the type species of the genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae.4 Recent outbreaks of this disease in Egypt,3 Saudi Arabia, and Yemen5 indicate that RVF probably ha ...
... and humans.1–3 The disease is of considerable public health and veterinary importance in that region. The causative agent, RVF virus, is the type species of the genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae.4 Recent outbreaks of this disease in Egypt,3 Saudi Arabia, and Yemen5 indicate that RVF probably ha ...
Novel Inflammatory Markers, Clinical Risk Factors and Virus Type
... isolates are divided into 2 major groups, A and B, due to differences in the amino acid sequence of the attachment G protein. The 2 major groups usually circulate simultaneously, but the proportion of infection caused by group A or B viruses differ from season to season9 with type A seasons generall ...
... isolates are divided into 2 major groups, A and B, due to differences in the amino acid sequence of the attachment G protein. The 2 major groups usually circulate simultaneously, but the proportion of infection caused by group A or B viruses differ from season to season9 with type A seasons generall ...
NCFE Level 2 - The Skills Network
... This happens when potentially harmful microorganisms grow and multiply on a person without causing them any harm. Colonising microorganisms establish themselves in a particular environment, for example on the body, but do not necessarily produce an infection. For example, the bacteria that cause met ...
... This happens when potentially harmful microorganisms grow and multiply on a person without causing them any harm. Colonising microorganisms establish themselves in a particular environment, for example on the body, but do not necessarily produce an infection. For example, the bacteria that cause met ...
Molecular Virology: Tables of Antimicrobial Factors
... infectious virus in their milk for up to 3 months. Present in preterm and mature milk, but low in colostrum. One death in an infant with an immunodeficiency syndrome. About 40% of preterm infants can be infected from non-frozen CMVcontaining milk. Symptoms may be seen in a quarter to a half of these ...
... infectious virus in their milk for up to 3 months. Present in preterm and mature milk, but low in colostrum. One death in an infant with an immunodeficiency syndrome. About 40% of preterm infants can be infected from non-frozen CMVcontaining milk. Symptoms may be seen in a quarter to a half of these ...
Emerging Diseases: Causes and Effects
... 2. Are antibiotics like penicillin or tetracycline effective against any of these diseases? Why or why not? Antibiotics like penicillin and tetracycline are effective only against bacteria, so antibiotics can be prescribed for the early stages of Lyme disease. Antiviral and anti-eukaryotic drugs can ...
... 2. Are antibiotics like penicillin or tetracycline effective against any of these diseases? Why or why not? Antibiotics like penicillin and tetracycline are effective only against bacteria, so antibiotics can be prescribed for the early stages of Lyme disease. Antiviral and anti-eukaryotic drugs can ...
The Mathematics of Mosquitoes and West Nile Virus
... Nile virus are all mosquito-borne. It is West Nile virus that has piqued my interest of late. First identified in Uganda in 1937, the virus is well established in its native Africa where it lives primarily in birds and is transmitted among them by mosquitoes. Only occasionally does a mosquito transmi ...
... Nile virus are all mosquito-borne. It is West Nile virus that has piqued my interest of late. First identified in Uganda in 1937, the virus is well established in its native Africa where it lives primarily in birds and is transmitted among them by mosquitoes. Only occasionally does a mosquito transmi ...
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD): A review emphasizing on Iran perspective
... The clinical offering of a BVDV infection is based on viral strain and the animal’s immune and reproductive position at the time of infection (Givens et al., 2012; Rodninga et al., 2012). Acute infections of cattle happen especially in young animals, and may be clinically in apparent or linked with ...
... The clinical offering of a BVDV infection is based on viral strain and the animal’s immune and reproductive position at the time of infection (Givens et al., 2012; Rodninga et al., 2012). Acute infections of cattle happen especially in young animals, and may be clinically in apparent or linked with ...
Epidemiology of Outbreaks in Ireland, 2007
... Table 3 outlines the responsible pathogens and numbers ill. Tuberculosis was the most common cause of non-IID outbreaks notified. An outbreak notified by HSE-S in March 2007 resulted in 21 cases of tuberculosis (18 children and 3 adults) and involved two crèches. The vast majority of child cases wer ...
... Table 3 outlines the responsible pathogens and numbers ill. Tuberculosis was the most common cause of non-IID outbreaks notified. An outbreak notified by HSE-S in March 2007 resulted in 21 cases of tuberculosis (18 children and 3 adults) and involved two crèches. The vast majority of child cases wer ...
Norovirus
Norovirus, sometimes known as the winter vomiting bug in the UK, is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans. It affects people of all ages. The virus is transmitted by fecally contaminated food or water, by person-to-person contact, and via aerosolization of the virus and subsequent contamination of surfaces. The virus affects around 267 million people and causes over 200,000 deaths each year; these deaths are usually in less developed countries and in the very young, elderly and immunosuppressed.Norovirus infection is characterized by nausea, projectile vomiting, malodorous watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and in some cases, loss of taste. General lethargy, weakness, muscle aches, headache, and low-grade fever may occur. The disease is usually self-limiting, and severe illness is rare. Although having norovirus can be unpleasant, it is not usually dangerous and most who contract it make a full recovery within a couple of days. Norovirus is rapidly inactivated by either sufficient heating or by chlorine-based disinfectants and polyquaternary amines, but the virus is less susceptible to alcohols and detergents.After infection, immunity to norovirus is usually incomplete and temporary, with one publication drawing the conclusion that protective immunity to the same strain of norovirus lasts for six months, but that all such immunity is gone after two years. Outbreaks of norovirus infection often occur in closed or semiclosed communities, such as long-term care facilities, overnight camps, hospitals, schools, prisons, dormitories, and cruise ships, where the infection spreads very rapidly either by person-to-person transmission or through contaminated food. Many norovirus outbreaks have been traced to food that was handled by one infected person.The genus name Norovirus is derived from Norwalk virus, the only species of the genus. The species causes approximately 90% of epidemic nonbacterial outbreaks of gastroenteritis around the world, and may be responsible for 50% of all foodborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States.