Hepatitis
... • However the carboxamide group pairs equally well with both uracil or cytosine, thus leading to mutations in RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. • Ribavirin also acts as an inhibitor of inosine 5’monophosphate dehydrogenase, a crucial enzyme in the biosynthesis of RNA. ...
... • However the carboxamide group pairs equally well with both uracil or cytosine, thus leading to mutations in RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. • Ribavirin also acts as an inhibitor of inosine 5’monophosphate dehydrogenase, a crucial enzyme in the biosynthesis of RNA. ...
Comparison of virus production in chicken embryo fibroblasts
... that grows efficiently in primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) and baby hamster kidney cells only. MVA produces significantly more of the enveloped forms of VV in infected CEFs compared with VV strain Copenhagen. In the present study, production of the different infectious forms of VV was compa ...
... that grows efficiently in primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) and baby hamster kidney cells only. MVA produces significantly more of the enveloped forms of VV in infected CEFs compared with VV strain Copenhagen. In the present study, production of the different infectious forms of VV was compa ...
3. The expanding range of parvoviruses which infect humans.
... formation of episomal monomeric and concatameric circular DNA molecules [10]. Dependoviruses probably persist in a similar structure in adenoidal tissue following natural infection. Different AAVs have different cell tropisms and this is mainly dependant on the different capsid structures of the vir ...
... formation of episomal monomeric and concatameric circular DNA molecules [10]. Dependoviruses probably persist in a similar structure in adenoidal tissue following natural infection. Different AAVs have different cell tropisms and this is mainly dependant on the different capsid structures of the vir ...
A review on Schmallenberg virus infection: a newly emerging
... RNA extraction method and a real-time quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) system developed at the FLI. Whether SBV can be transmitted by SBV-positive semen is still under investigation. However, direct transmission of SBV from animal to animal is very unlikely. It also appears that the virus does not spre ...
... RNA extraction method and a real-time quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) system developed at the FLI. Whether SBV can be transmitted by SBV-positive semen is still under investigation. However, direct transmission of SBV from animal to animal is very unlikely. It also appears that the virus does not spre ...
Herpes
... What causes herpes? Herpes is caused by a virus. There are eight known herpes viruses. Type I and Type II Herpes viruses can be found as both oral or genital herpes. Varicella causes chicken pox and herpes zoster causes shingles. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) cause infectious mo ...
... What causes herpes? Herpes is caused by a virus. There are eight known herpes viruses. Type I and Type II Herpes viruses can be found as both oral or genital herpes. Varicella causes chicken pox and herpes zoster causes shingles. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) cause infectious mo ...
Safety and immunogenicity of myxoma virus as a new viral vector for
... immunogenicity of recombinant MYXV in sheep. In vitro studies indicated that ovine primary fibroblasts were not permissive for MYXV and that infection of ovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells occurred at a low rate. Although non-specific activation significantly improved the susceptibility of lym ...
... immunogenicity of recombinant MYXV in sheep. In vitro studies indicated that ovine primary fibroblasts were not permissive for MYXV and that infection of ovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells occurred at a low rate. Although non-specific activation significantly improved the susceptibility of lym ...
Need of surveillance response systems to combat diseases in African countries
... There is growing concern in Sub-Saharan Africa about the spread of the Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, and the public health burden that it ensues. Since 1976, there have been 885,343 suspected and laboratory confirmed cases of EVD and the disease has claimed 2 ...
... There is growing concern in Sub-Saharan Africa about the spread of the Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, and the public health burden that it ensues. Since 1976, there have been 885,343 suspected and laboratory confirmed cases of EVD and the disease has claimed 2 ...
http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/Zika-virus-French-Polynesia-rapid-risk-assessment.pdf
... The clinical signs of Zika disease include acute onset of fever, non-purulent conjunctivitis, headache, arthralgia, myalgia, asthenia, rash (in general maculo-papular) and, less frequently, retro-orbital pain, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. In the literature, Zika is described as ...
... The clinical signs of Zika disease include acute onset of fever, non-purulent conjunctivitis, headache, arthralgia, myalgia, asthenia, rash (in general maculo-papular) and, less frequently, retro-orbital pain, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. In the literature, Zika is described as ...
Foodborne Illnesses Student Information Guide
... Symptoms typically begin several hours to several days after consumption and depending on the agent involved, can include one or more of the following: nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, gastroenteritis, fever, headache or fatigue. In most cases the body is able to permanently recover after ...
... Symptoms typically begin several hours to several days after consumption and depending on the agent involved, can include one or more of the following: nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, gastroenteritis, fever, headache or fatigue. In most cases the body is able to permanently recover after ...
INFECTION WITH INFECTIOUS SALMON ANAEMIA VIRUS
... segments with negative polarity (Dannevig et al., 1995. The virus has haemagglutinating, receptor-destroying and fusion activity (Falk et al., 1997; Mjaaland et al., 1997; Rimstad et al., 2011). The morphological, physiochemical and genetic properties of ISAV are consistent with those of the Orthomy ...
... segments with negative polarity (Dannevig et al., 1995. The virus has haemagglutinating, receptor-destroying and fusion activity (Falk et al., 1997; Mjaaland et al., 1997; Rimstad et al., 2011). The morphological, physiochemical and genetic properties of ISAV are consistent with those of the Orthomy ...
Host Plant Resistance and the Spread of Plant
... and retention times of the virus, the plant wilI become infected with the virus, but the vector will lose its infectivity. The resulting pattern of primary spread would be the same as observed in a planting of a susceptible cultivar. This is most likely to prevail among the nonpersistent viruses whi ...
... and retention times of the virus, the plant wilI become infected with the virus, but the vector will lose its infectivity. The resulting pattern of primary spread would be the same as observed in a planting of a susceptible cultivar. This is most likely to prevail among the nonpersistent viruses whi ...
Adult Medical Surgical Nursing 1
... Hepatitis A: (HAV) RNA virus; spread by faecal-oral route (contaminated food, water, hands) Short incubation (average 30 days) Diagnosed by anti-HAV IgM in serum during an acute attack Anti-HAV IgG in serum indicates previous infection or vaccination = now immune Prevention: active immuni ...
... Hepatitis A: (HAV) RNA virus; spread by faecal-oral route (contaminated food, water, hands) Short incubation (average 30 days) Diagnosed by anti-HAV IgM in serum during an acute attack Anti-HAV IgG in serum indicates previous infection or vaccination = now immune Prevention: active immuni ...
NO 01 / M arch 2016 - vOluMe 54 BULLETIN of the NETHERLANDS
... and South America, are prominent examples. Transmission of those three diseases takes place through bites by Aedes mosquitoes, which are present in all tropical and subtropical regions; except for personal protection with repellents and insecticides, no effective preventive measures exist. The emerg ...
... and South America, are prominent examples. Transmission of those three diseases takes place through bites by Aedes mosquitoes, which are present in all tropical and subtropical regions; except for personal protection with repellents and insecticides, no effective preventive measures exist. The emerg ...
SARS coronavirus (SARS CoV)
... developing countries. Incidence of CAP in developing countries estimated around150.7million cases/year. Mortality rate from CAP in developing countries is as high as 2.1 million cases/year. (20% of all mortality cases). ...
... developing countries. Incidence of CAP in developing countries estimated around150.7million cases/year. Mortality rate from CAP in developing countries is as high as 2.1 million cases/year. (20% of all mortality cases). ...
Prevention of FIP in Cat Shelters - Proceedings of the NAVC
... FCoV shedding and rigorous hygiene precautions are still the most effective ways to contain this disease. In view of the large numbers of infectious diseases which can infect cats, rigorous hygiene should be in place in any case. Stress reduction is also an important factor, since the development of ...
... FCoV shedding and rigorous hygiene precautions are still the most effective ways to contain this disease. In view of the large numbers of infectious diseases which can infect cats, rigorous hygiene should be in place in any case. Stress reduction is also an important factor, since the development of ...
Viral hemorrhagic fevers in India - The Association of Physicians of
... Typical cases of DHF are characterized by high fever, haemorrhagic phenomena, hepatomegaly, and often circulatory disturbance and shock. The clinical course typically begins sudden rise in temperature accompanied by facial flush and other symptoms resembling dengue fever, such as anorexia, vomiting, ...
... Typical cases of DHF are characterized by high fever, haemorrhagic phenomena, hepatomegaly, and often circulatory disturbance and shock. The clinical course typically begins sudden rise in temperature accompanied by facial flush and other symptoms resembling dengue fever, such as anorexia, vomiting, ...
Causation and Disease: The Henle-Koch
... in virus laboratories far more rapidly than they could be characterized, classified, or associated in a meaningful way with the causation of specific diseases. A number of viruses such as those in the coxsackie, ECHO, and adenovirus groups could not only ...
... in virus laboratories far more rapidly than they could be characterized, classified, or associated in a meaningful way with the causation of specific diseases. A number of viruses such as those in the coxsackie, ECHO, and adenovirus groups could not only ...
Epstein-Barr virus-recent advances
... Detailed analysis of tonsillar B cells suggests that EBV uses physiological B cell antigen-activation pathways to establish and maintain latency.33 The hypothesis is that newly infected naive tonsillar B cells, under the influence of the oncogene EB viral nuclear antigen (EBNA) 2, express all the la ...
... Detailed analysis of tonsillar B cells suggests that EBV uses physiological B cell antigen-activation pathways to establish and maintain latency.33 The hypothesis is that newly infected naive tonsillar B cells, under the influence of the oncogene EB viral nuclear antigen (EBNA) 2, express all the la ...
HERPESVIRIDAE
... RABIES DISEASE & PATHOGENESIS Non-fatal infections are rare but skunks and foxes may recover; dogs can have mild symptoms, recover and remain as excretors. Recovered animals have antibodies. These infections are important in spreading the virus in the environment. ...
... RABIES DISEASE & PATHOGENESIS Non-fatal infections are rare but skunks and foxes may recover; dogs can have mild symptoms, recover and remain as excretors. Recovered animals have antibodies. These infections are important in spreading the virus in the environment. ...
A sandwich ELISA to detect VHSV and IPNV in turbot | SpringerLink
... rhabdoviruses or birnaviruses, thus this assay could identify the widest range of viral isolates. The epitopes defined by the chosen Mabs were non-competitive and highly conserved in the VHSV (Sanz et a/., 1991, results not published) and in the IPNV (Domfnguez et al., I991) serotypes. Furthermore, ...
... rhabdoviruses or birnaviruses, thus this assay could identify the widest range of viral isolates. The epitopes defined by the chosen Mabs were non-competitive and highly conserved in the VHSV (Sanz et a/., 1991, results not published) and in the IPNV (Domfnguez et al., I991) serotypes. Furthermore, ...
Further information on rat sialodacryoadenitis (SDA) virus
... A sequential study of lesions of the nasal cavity associated with sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV) infection was made in the laboratory rat. Wistar rats were intranasally inoculated with approximately 10(3) TCID50 of the coronavirus SDAV. Transverse sections of four regions of the nasal cavity from ...
... A sequential study of lesions of the nasal cavity associated with sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV) infection was made in the laboratory rat. Wistar rats were intranasally inoculated with approximately 10(3) TCID50 of the coronavirus SDAV. Transverse sections of four regions of the nasal cavity from ...
Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses (HTLV)
... 1. Introduction 1.1 HTLV epidemiology The Human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) belong to Retroviridae family, genus Deltaretrovirus. Currently they are classified into four types: 1, 2, 3 and 4. The HTLV-1 was described in 1980 (Poiez et al., 1980) and since then has been identified on all five conti ...
... 1. Introduction 1.1 HTLV epidemiology The Human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) belong to Retroviridae family, genus Deltaretrovirus. Currently they are classified into four types: 1, 2, 3 and 4. The HTLV-1 was described in 1980 (Poiez et al., 1980) and since then has been identified on all five conti ...
Role of viral load in the pathogenesis of chicken anemia virus
... (g tissue)21]. Viral loads in the organs of chickens were significantly higher than in those of embryos. The very high load in clotted blood is partly attributable to viraemia and partly due to the growth of CAV in the bone marrow. The presence of CAV DNA in most organs is probably a consequence of ...
... (g tissue)21]. Viral loads in the organs of chickens were significantly higher than in those of embryos. The very high load in clotted blood is partly attributable to viraemia and partly due to the growth of CAV in the bone marrow. The presence of CAV DNA in most organs is probably a consequence of ...
Genetic Strategy to Prevent Influenza Virus Infections in Animals
... drugs. However, the limited efficacy and scope of current vaccines and antiviral drugs also demands the development of fundamentally new strategies to control influenza epidemics and pandemics. The natural reservoirs of influenza virus are aquatic birds and wild fowl, in which many different virus s ...
... drugs. However, the limited efficacy and scope of current vaccines and antiviral drugs also demands the development of fundamentally new strategies to control influenza epidemics and pandemics. The natural reservoirs of influenza virus are aquatic birds and wild fowl, in which many different virus s ...
Norovirus
Norovirus, sometimes known as the winter vomiting bug in the UK, is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans. It affects people of all ages. The virus is transmitted by fecally contaminated food or water, by person-to-person contact, and via aerosolization of the virus and subsequent contamination of surfaces. The virus affects around 267 million people and causes over 200,000 deaths each year; these deaths are usually in less developed countries and in the very young, elderly and immunosuppressed.Norovirus infection is characterized by nausea, projectile vomiting, malodorous watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and in some cases, loss of taste. General lethargy, weakness, muscle aches, headache, and low-grade fever may occur. The disease is usually self-limiting, and severe illness is rare. Although having norovirus can be unpleasant, it is not usually dangerous and most who contract it make a full recovery within a couple of days. Norovirus is rapidly inactivated by either sufficient heating or by chlorine-based disinfectants and polyquaternary amines, but the virus is less susceptible to alcohols and detergents.After infection, immunity to norovirus is usually incomplete and temporary, with one publication drawing the conclusion that protective immunity to the same strain of norovirus lasts for six months, but that all such immunity is gone after two years. Outbreaks of norovirus infection often occur in closed or semiclosed communities, such as long-term care facilities, overnight camps, hospitals, schools, prisons, dormitories, and cruise ships, where the infection spreads very rapidly either by person-to-person transmission or through contaminated food. Many norovirus outbreaks have been traced to food that was handled by one infected person.The genus name Norovirus is derived from Norwalk virus, the only species of the genus. The species causes approximately 90% of epidemic nonbacterial outbreaks of gastroenteritis around the world, and may be responsible for 50% of all foodborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States.