Lecture 15
... Infectious bronchitis virus spreads rapidly among chickens in a flock. Susceptible birds placed in a room with infected chickens usually develop signs within 48 hours. Incubation Period The incubation period of IB is 18—36 hours, depending on dose and route of inoculation. ...
... Infectious bronchitis virus spreads rapidly among chickens in a flock. Susceptible birds placed in a room with infected chickens usually develop signs within 48 hours. Incubation Period The incubation period of IB is 18—36 hours, depending on dose and route of inoculation. ...
Nature of Biology Book 1
... Trichophyton rubrum, a fungus that causes tinea of the nails, characterised by thickened and discoloured nails Phytophthora infestans, a plant pathogenic fungus that causes late blight of potatoes. Over one million Irish died in the 1840s when late blight destroyed the potato crop, because potat ...
... Trichophyton rubrum, a fungus that causes tinea of the nails, characterised by thickened and discoloured nails Phytophthora infestans, a plant pathogenic fungus that causes late blight of potatoes. Over one million Irish died in the 1840s when late blight destroyed the potato crop, because potat ...
Viruses - Food Safety Site
... Many states report periodic small outbreaks of HAV, primarily associated with poor personal hygiene by infected food handlers. Handwashing is key to preventing this HAV infection. NOROVIRU.S.ES Norovirsues are a group called small round structured viruses (SRSV). The incubation for Norovirus is 24-7 ...
... Many states report periodic small outbreaks of HAV, primarily associated with poor personal hygiene by infected food handlers. Handwashing is key to preventing this HAV infection. NOROVIRU.S.ES Norovirsues are a group called small round structured viruses (SRSV). The incubation for Norovirus is 24-7 ...
The Lytic Cycle
... • The lysogenic cycle replicates the phage genome without destroying the host • The viral DNA molecule is incorporated into the host cell’s chromosome • This integrated viral DNA is known as a prophage • Every time the host divides, it copies the phage DNA and passes the copies to daughter cells ...
... • The lysogenic cycle replicates the phage genome without destroying the host • The viral DNA molecule is incorporated into the host cell’s chromosome • This integrated viral DNA is known as a prophage • Every time the host divides, it copies the phage DNA and passes the copies to daughter cells ...
West Nile virus vaccines and immunotherapy
... Generally, there are many difficulties related to diagnosis this type of WN disease because it needs to using special requirement for level 3 safety facilities and variant species testing that must be done due to complexes this virus with other flaviviruses.In addition, methods that are used in dia ...
... Generally, there are many difficulties related to diagnosis this type of WN disease because it needs to using special requirement for level 3 safety facilities and variant species testing that must be done due to complexes this virus with other flaviviruses.In addition, methods that are used in dia ...
File - Gulf Coast Maintenance
... Avian Influenza A Strains of Concern Highly Pathogenic Asian Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East and new Avian Influenza A (H7N9) Virus in China – these have caused most human illness worldwide Spread to humans from contact with infected birds and droppin ...
... Avian Influenza A Strains of Concern Highly Pathogenic Asian Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East and new Avian Influenza A (H7N9) Virus in China – these have caused most human illness worldwide Spread to humans from contact with infected birds and droppin ...
Viruses are not alive but affect all living things.
... images of them with specialized microscopes. Viruses consist of genetic material contained inside a protective protein coat called a capsid. The protein coat may be a simple tube, such as the coat of an ebola virus, or have many layers, such as the smallpox virus shown on page 26. Viruses may come i ...
... images of them with specialized microscopes. Viruses consist of genetic material contained inside a protective protein coat called a capsid. The protein coat may be a simple tube, such as the coat of an ebola virus, or have many layers, such as the smallpox virus shown on page 26. Viruses may come i ...
Emerging infectious diseases
... first noted in the Four Corners area of New Mexico in 1993. The disease is caused by Sin Nombre virus, which is endemic in the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus). Why humans first became infected with this rodent virus is not known, but an increase in the deer mouse population might have been a fac ...
... first noted in the Four Corners area of New Mexico in 1993. The disease is caused by Sin Nombre virus, which is endemic in the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus). Why humans first became infected with this rodent virus is not known, but an increase in the deer mouse population might have been a fac ...
Introduction to Bacteria and Viruses
... to another person; patients with Pertussis cough A LOT! Symptoms include hypoxia, apnea, pneumonia, seizures, encephalopathy, and malnutrition A vaccine does exist; most who get Pertussis are too young to be vaccinated ...
... to another person; patients with Pertussis cough A LOT! Symptoms include hypoxia, apnea, pneumonia, seizures, encephalopathy, and malnutrition A vaccine does exist; most who get Pertussis are too young to be vaccinated ...
Microbiology Study Guide
... the processes of DNA replication (lagging and leading strands) the process of gene expression: transcription and translation differences between DNA and RNA the nature of operons in prokaryotes the nature of the genetic code use base pairing rule to transcribe a DNA sequence use genetic code to tran ...
... the processes of DNA replication (lagging and leading strands) the process of gene expression: transcription and translation differences between DNA and RNA the nature of operons in prokaryotes the nature of the genetic code use base pairing rule to transcribe a DNA sequence use genetic code to tran ...
Conventional and Molecular Detection of Infectious Bursal Disease
... prominent white line of precipitation was noticed between known positive anti-IBDV hyper-immune serum of the central well and bursal homogenates of the peripheral wells due to antigen and antibody reaction within 24 and 48 h. The results are in agreement with the findings of Muhammad et al. (1996) a ...
... prominent white line of precipitation was noticed between known positive anti-IBDV hyper-immune serum of the central well and bursal homogenates of the peripheral wells due to antigen and antibody reaction within 24 and 48 h. The results are in agreement with the findings of Muhammad et al. (1996) a ...
Recent expansion of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1: a
... 2005, Olsen et al. 2006), although the subtype H16 has been described only very recently (Fouchier et al. 2005, Olsen et al. 2006). There are many genotypes of avian influenza viruses (AIV) varying geographically and between years, as well as between species and populations of birds. In most cases, ...
... 2005, Olsen et al. 2006), although the subtype H16 has been described only very recently (Fouchier et al. 2005, Olsen et al. 2006). There are many genotypes of avian influenza viruses (AIV) varying geographically and between years, as well as between species and populations of birds. In most cases, ...
Document
... b. New mutations of the flu appear every year that are different from the previous year’s flu. c. If people did not get vaccinated against the flu every year, they would be sure to get sick. d. Every year people are vaccinated with all the previous vaccines and a new one, just in case. 6. Why might ...
... b. New mutations of the flu appear every year that are different from the previous year’s flu. c. If people did not get vaccinated against the flu every year, they would be sure to get sick. d. Every year people are vaccinated with all the previous vaccines and a new one, just in case. 6. Why might ...
Bluetongue and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease in Livestock
... Bluetongue (BT) and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (EHD) are diseases caused by similar viruses that are rapidly spread by biting gnats, resulting in similar symptoms in cattle, sheep and whitetail deer, among others. These diseases were first noted in South Africa in the late 1800’s and have since s ...
... Bluetongue (BT) and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (EHD) are diseases caused by similar viruses that are rapidly spread by biting gnats, resulting in similar symptoms in cattle, sheep and whitetail deer, among others. These diseases were first noted in South Africa in the late 1800’s and have since s ...
Diagnostic tests
... extremely useful, the role of EM in many cases has been superceded by molecular methods of viral detection. PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) PCR is a process whereby a target portion of viral nucleic acid (either RNA or DNA) is replicated many million-fold, providing results which are highly specific ...
... extremely useful, the role of EM in many cases has been superceded by molecular methods of viral detection. PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) PCR is a process whereby a target portion of viral nucleic acid (either RNA or DNA) is replicated many million-fold, providing results which are highly specific ...
Pandemic Influenza Risk Communication Excerpt
... Draft overview chapter of pandemic plan, by technical experts: Pandemic influenza can be considered the most extreme example of an acute infectious disease outbreak.... Influenza pandemics ... are explosive global events in which most, if not all, persons worldwide are at risk for infection and illn ...
... Draft overview chapter of pandemic plan, by technical experts: Pandemic influenza can be considered the most extreme example of an acute infectious disease outbreak.... Influenza pandemics ... are explosive global events in which most, if not all, persons worldwide are at risk for infection and illn ...
Patterns of polio infection
... • Incubation period 1-2 months. Presentation as triad of fever for 1-2 weeks with lymphadenopathy of the back of the neck, axilla, groin, and sore throat simulate exactly follicular tonsillitis due to streptococcal infection. Hepatosplenomegaly may be found They regress in 2-3 weeks. Fever resolve i ...
... • Incubation period 1-2 months. Presentation as triad of fever for 1-2 weeks with lymphadenopathy of the back of the neck, axilla, groin, and sore throat simulate exactly follicular tonsillitis due to streptococcal infection. Hepatosplenomegaly may be found They regress in 2-3 weeks. Fever resolve i ...
A_day_in_the_life_of_microbiologists
... • Microbiologists explore a world ______________ to the ________ eye but which has a significant impact on our ___________ and well-being. These scientists study ___________ and cells that we can see only through a microscope. The universe of micro organisms is so vast microbiologists have many area ...
... • Microbiologists explore a world ______________ to the ________ eye but which has a significant impact on our ___________ and well-being. These scientists study ___________ and cells that we can see only through a microscope. The universe of micro organisms is so vast microbiologists have many area ...
Chlamydophila pneumoniae is a species of Chlamydophila bacteria
... Term is derived from the diseases associated with psittacine birds (parakeets, parrots). Causative agent is Chlamydia psittaci which is a gram negative obligate intracellular bacterium. They produce tiny elementary bodies as part of their life cycle. These elementary bodies are resistant to environm ...
... Term is derived from the diseases associated with psittacine birds (parakeets, parrots). Causative agent is Chlamydia psittaci which is a gram negative obligate intracellular bacterium. They produce tiny elementary bodies as part of their life cycle. These elementary bodies are resistant to environm ...
Acute Viral Encephalitis and Brain abscess
... CSF abnormalities are similar to those found in viral meningitis. Hematological analysis: • Leukocytes count in CSF: 10-500 cell/mm3. • Differential count: Neutrophils: predominate in first 24 hours, then decreased. Lymphocytes increases. • Red blood cells per mm3: 10-500 cells (HSV infection). RBCs ...
... CSF abnormalities are similar to those found in viral meningitis. Hematological analysis: • Leukocytes count in CSF: 10-500 cell/mm3. • Differential count: Neutrophils: predominate in first 24 hours, then decreased. Lymphocytes increases. • Red blood cells per mm3: 10-500 cells (HSV infection). RBCs ...
Reviews Viruses and athletes
... Is it only in those who are more extensively aVected? Is it inherently more likely in some individuals than others and, if so, is there anything we can measure to identify who they are? Is this relevant to infections in athletes? ...
... Is it only in those who are more extensively aVected? Is it inherently more likely in some individuals than others and, if so, is there anything we can measure to identify who they are? Is this relevant to infections in athletes? ...
Shionogi Presents Results from a Phase 2 Proof-of
... This announcement contains forward-looking statements. These statements are based on expectations in light of the information currently available, assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ materially from these statements. Risks and uncertaint ...
... This announcement contains forward-looking statements. These statements are based on expectations in light of the information currently available, assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ materially from these statements. Risks and uncertaint ...
The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
... Reverse transcriptase produces DNA from mRNA. transcribes RNA into DNA, retroactively “backward”, integrating the viral DNA (provirus) into the hosts genome, never to leave Newly made DNA integrates into the host chromosome. Viruses that do this are called retroviruses. HIV; human immunode ...
... Reverse transcriptase produces DNA from mRNA. transcribes RNA into DNA, retroactively “backward”, integrating the viral DNA (provirus) into the hosts genome, never to leave Newly made DNA integrates into the host chromosome. Viruses that do this are called retroviruses. HIV; human immunode ...
Infectious Diseases
... Most protozoa are harmless to humans but few can cause illness. Giardia is protozoa that can be found in contaminated water supplies. Giardia can cause stomach upset, cramps, and diarrhea in humans. They are relatively rare in the United States. Plasmodium- is a parasite that causes malaria in human ...
... Most protozoa are harmless to humans but few can cause illness. Giardia is protozoa that can be found in contaminated water supplies. Giardia can cause stomach upset, cramps, and diarrhea in humans. They are relatively rare in the United States. Plasmodium- is a parasite that causes malaria in human ...
Influenza A virus
Influenza A virus causes influenza in birds and some mammals, and is the only species of influenza virus A. Influenza virus A is a genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family of viruses. Strains of all subtypes of influenza A virus have been isolated from wild birds, although disease is uncommon. Some isolates of influenza A virus cause severe disease both in domestic poultry and, rarely, in humans. Occasionally, viruses are transmitted from wild aquatic birds to domestic poultry, and this may cause an outbreak or give rise to human influenza pandemics.Influenza A viruses are negative-sense, single-stranded, segmented RNA viruses.The several subtypes are labeled according to an H number (for the type of hemagglutinin) and an N number (for the type of neuraminidase). There are 18 different known H antigens (H1 to H18) and 11 different known N antigens (N1 to N11). H17 was isolated from fruit bats in 2012. H18N11 was discovered in a Peruvian bat in 2013.Each virus subtype has mutated into a variety of strains with differing pathogenic profiles; some are pathogenic to one species but not others, some are pathogenic to multiple species.A filtered and purified influenza A vaccine for humans has been developed, and many countries have stockpiled it to allow a quick administration to the population in the event of an avian influenza pandemic. Avian influenza is sometimes called avian flu, and colloquially, bird flu. In 2011, researchers reported the discovery of an antibody effective against all types of the influenza A virus.