Auxin-binding proteins without KDEL sequence in the moss Funaria
... higher levels it enhances secondary caulonema differentiation (Johri and Desai 1973). Both responses are antagonised by the anti-auxin p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (PCIB) (Johri and D’Souza 1990). PCIB reduces polar, basipetal auxin transport in Funaria rhizoids (Rose and Bopp 1983) and was report ...
... higher levels it enhances secondary caulonema differentiation (Johri and Desai 1973). Both responses are antagonised by the anti-auxin p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (PCIB) (Johri and D’Souza 1990). PCIB reduces polar, basipetal auxin transport in Funaria rhizoids (Rose and Bopp 1983) and was report ...
Localization of Collagenase at the Basal Plasma Membrane of a
... fraction (17). These observations suggest the existence of cell surface bound collagenase in human cancer cells and propose a proteolytic function associated with the plasma membrane. Their sanctuary status in the plasma membrane places them optimally for the effective destruction of substratum in a ...
... fraction (17). These observations suggest the existence of cell surface bound collagenase in human cancer cells and propose a proteolytic function associated with the plasma membrane. Their sanctuary status in the plasma membrane places them optimally for the effective destruction of substratum in a ...
Slide 1
... 4.14 Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical energy • Chloroplasts, found in plants and some protists – Convert solar energy to chemical energy in ...
... 4.14 Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical energy • Chloroplasts, found in plants and some protists – Convert solar energy to chemical energy in ...
2.2 Membrane Structure and Functions
... is critical for membrane function. The lipid molecules exist in a double layer, called a bilayer, that is less than 10 nm (nanometres) thick. (By comparison, this page is approximately 100 000 nm thick.) Millions of times a second, the lipid molecules may vibrate, flex back and forth, spin around the ...
... is critical for membrane function. The lipid molecules exist in a double layer, called a bilayer, that is less than 10 nm (nanometres) thick. (By comparison, this page is approximately 100 000 nm thick.) Millions of times a second, the lipid molecules may vibrate, flex back and forth, spin around the ...
Precise control of plant stem cell activity through parallel regulatory
... are described as QC cells; in wild type there are on average two cells at this position in a median longitudinal section (Fig. 1B,N). At c1, cells are undifferentiated and divide frequently, and as such are described as CSCs (Fig. 1B). The CSCs undergo quasi-synchronous periclinal divisions, such th ...
... are described as QC cells; in wild type there are on average two cells at this position in a median longitudinal section (Fig. 1B,N). At c1, cells are undifferentiated and divide frequently, and as such are described as CSCs (Fig. 1B). The CSCs undergo quasi-synchronous periclinal divisions, such th ...
Immunity Cells Programmed by Mediators of Type 1 Nanotube
... are critical for the initiation of CTL responses (1). This process also involves immune communication with a subset of lymph node– resident DC that possess an enhanced ability to cross-present Ag to CD8+ T cells (11, 12). Transfer of antigenic information between migratory and lymph node–residing DC ...
... are critical for the initiation of CTL responses (1). This process also involves immune communication with a subset of lymph node– resident DC that possess an enhanced ability to cross-present Ag to CD8+ T cells (11, 12). Transfer of antigenic information between migratory and lymph node–residing DC ...
Regulation by Polyamines of Ornithine
... reinhardtii, a 2.5- to 3-fold increase of the ODC halflife was observed during transition to the cell division phase, accompanied by a 3-fold increase of ODC activity (Voigt and Bohley, 2000). For mammalian cells, it has been reported that degradation of ODC is not mediated by ubiquitination (Bercov ...
... reinhardtii, a 2.5- to 3-fold increase of the ODC halflife was observed during transition to the cell division phase, accompanied by a 3-fold increase of ODC activity (Voigt and Bohley, 2000). For mammalian cells, it has been reported that degradation of ODC is not mediated by ubiquitination (Bercov ...
PDF
... brightness and their spectral properties that allow the emission from each of the fluorescent proteins to be detected separately through sequential scanning (supplementary material Fig. S1). The fluorescent proteins used in the Raeppli constructs can be detected separately from the GFP and far red ...
... brightness and their spectral properties that allow the emission from each of the fluorescent proteins to be detected separately through sequential scanning (supplementary material Fig. S1). The fluorescent proteins used in the Raeppli constructs can be detected separately from the GFP and far red ...
The Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor Accumulates in
... processes of neuroendocrine PC12 cells than were markers of housekeeping endosomes. We can conclude that proteins capable of being targeted to apical endosomes can be correctly targeted to specialized endosomes within PC12 neurites, which resemble, in this regard, axonal rather than dendritic proces ...
... processes of neuroendocrine PC12 cells than were markers of housekeeping endosomes. We can conclude that proteins capable of being targeted to apical endosomes can be correctly targeted to specialized endosomes within PC12 neurites, which resemble, in this regard, axonal rather than dendritic proces ...
BIOLOGY I MIDTERM OBJECTIVES Chapter 1 (The Nature of
... 8) Be able to explain how and why available energy and biomass decreases as you travel up the food chain. Be able to calculate how much energy is passed on (in calories) at each step of the energy pyramid as well. 9) Understand the major cycles (nitrogen, carbon, and water) and describe the role tha ...
... 8) Be able to explain how and why available energy and biomass decreases as you travel up the food chain. Be able to calculate how much energy is passed on (in calories) at each step of the energy pyramid as well. 9) Understand the major cycles (nitrogen, carbon, and water) and describe the role tha ...
Locomotion of Fundulus Deep Cells during Gastrulation1
... placed in a nutrient tissue culture medium, these cells soon begin to move and filming has shown that their mode of movement under these circumstances does not differ from that in an intact, unoperated egg. Since their motile activity can be observed prior to fixation and they can be identified afte ...
... placed in a nutrient tissue culture medium, these cells soon begin to move and filming has shown that their mode of movement under these circumstances does not differ from that in an intact, unoperated egg. Since their motile activity can be observed prior to fixation and they can be identified afte ...
BACTERIA CLASSIFICATION DOMAIN ARCHAEA DOMAIN
... structure and composition of the layers of the cell wall. Upon completing the stain, Gram positive bacteria appear purple and Gram negative bacteria appear pink. Gram positive cell walls have a simpler structure than Gram negative cell walls. Also note the shapes of bacteria ...
... structure and composition of the layers of the cell wall. Upon completing the stain, Gram positive bacteria appear purple and Gram negative bacteria appear pink. Gram positive cell walls have a simpler structure than Gram negative cell walls. Also note the shapes of bacteria ...
MECHANISMS OF PATTERN FORMATION IN PLANT
... Department of Molecular Genetics, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; email: [email protected]; [email protected] ...
... Department of Molecular Genetics, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; email: [email protected]; [email protected] ...
A target site for template-based design of measles virus entry inhibitors
... viral attachment to target cells mediated by the hemagglutinin (H) protein or to inhibition of F protein-mediated fusion. To assess these alternatives, inhibitor was added at different times during infection (Fig. 2C). Pretreating target cells or viral particles with OX-1 did not significantly affec ...
... viral attachment to target cells mediated by the hemagglutinin (H) protein or to inhibition of F protein-mediated fusion. To assess these alternatives, inhibitor was added at different times during infection (Fig. 2C). Pretreating target cells or viral particles with OX-1 did not significantly affec ...
The Cytology of the Gram-positive Cocci
... (Pl. 1, fig. 1) whereas the short-chained cocci, like the smooth bacilli, separate more or less completely, and form relatively structureless colonies (Pl. 1, fig. 2). This variation is entirely independent of those usually described as S - + R in the pneumococcus, or ‘matt’ +‘glossy’ in the strepto ...
... (Pl. 1, fig. 1) whereas the short-chained cocci, like the smooth bacilli, separate more or less completely, and form relatively structureless colonies (Pl. 1, fig. 2). This variation is entirely independent of those usually described as S - + R in the pneumococcus, or ‘matt’ +‘glossy’ in the strepto ...
Research Interests
... circumblastoporally, but rather than this convergence producing extension along the anterior-posterior axis, the convergence is channeled into thickening in the radial direction. Convergent thickening occurs around the ventral blastopore lip of Xenopus (Keller and Danilchik, 1988) and generates a co ...
... circumblastoporally, but rather than this convergence producing extension along the anterior-posterior axis, the convergence is channeled into thickening in the radial direction. Convergent thickening occurs around the ventral blastopore lip of Xenopus (Keller and Danilchik, 1988) and generates a co ...
Histone H3 phosphorylation is required for the initiation, but not
... Similarly, rapid and stable increases in H3 phosphorylation at Ser10 accompany PCC induced by the protein phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid (OA) and fostriecin (Ajiro et al., 1996; Guo et al., 1995). In this report, we correlate the initiation of mammalian chromosome condensation with H3 phosphory ...
... Similarly, rapid and stable increases in H3 phosphorylation at Ser10 accompany PCC induced by the protein phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid (OA) and fostriecin (Ajiro et al., 1996; Guo et al., 1995). In this report, we correlate the initiation of mammalian chromosome condensation with H3 phosphory ...
Protein import into the nucleus - Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
... and the GDP/GTP exchange factor (GEF). Temperature-sensitive G A P and G E F mutants as well as Ran mutants that are defective in GTP-binding (GDP-form) or in GTP-hydrolysis (GTP-form) have been studied in different organisms. Ran and its regulators have been proposed to function in numerous nuclear ...
... and the GDP/GTP exchange factor (GEF). Temperature-sensitive G A P and G E F mutants as well as Ran mutants that are defective in GTP-binding (GDP-form) or in GTP-hydrolysis (GTP-form) have been studied in different organisms. Ran and its regulators have been proposed to function in numerous nuclear ...
The Organization Pattern of Root Border
... Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France (L.D., M.M.) ...
... Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France (L.D., M.M.) ...
Plant stem cells: divergent pathways and common themes in shoots
... cell layers can be distinguished. The outer layer (L1) gives rise to outermost epidermal tissues. Either one or two inner cell layers (L2 and L3) contribute to internal ground tissue and vasculature of mature organs. Superimposed on this organization is a central zone of highly vacuolated and slowly ...
... cell layers can be distinguished. The outer layer (L1) gives rise to outermost epidermal tissues. Either one or two inner cell layers (L2 and L3) contribute to internal ground tissue and vasculature of mature organs. Superimposed on this organization is a central zone of highly vacuolated and slowly ...
Membrane proteins and the import business of mitochondria
... In addition to the SAM complex, Meisinger’s group of researchers, in cooperation with the research group of Prof. Nikolaus Pfanner from the same institute, discovered the molecule Mia40, a factor for the import of proteins into the intermembrane space of mitochondria. Mia40 helps the proteins to fol ...
... In addition to the SAM complex, Meisinger’s group of researchers, in cooperation with the research group of Prof. Nikolaus Pfanner from the same institute, discovered the molecule Mia40, a factor for the import of proteins into the intermembrane space of mitochondria. Mia40 helps the proteins to fol ...
Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by the coronavirus
... was detected (Fig. 3b, lanes 2, 4 and 6). No obvious detection of the minor hypophosphorylated RB (pRB) was seen (Fig. 3b, lanes 2, 4, and 6). In IBV-infected cells, pRB was detectable at 18 h post-infection and was accumulated to a higher level at 30 h post-infection (Fig. 3b, lanes 5 and 7). It wa ...
... was detected (Fig. 3b, lanes 2, 4 and 6). No obvious detection of the minor hypophosphorylated RB (pRB) was seen (Fig. 3b, lanes 2, 4, and 6). In IBV-infected cells, pRB was detectable at 18 h post-infection and was accumulated to a higher level at 30 h post-infection (Fig. 3b, lanes 5 and 7). It wa ...
Cell Structure and Function Chapter 4 Outline Cell Theory Cell Size
... – Membrane-bounded vesicles produced by the Golgi apparatus. ! Engage in digestion of molecules and ...
... – Membrane-bounded vesicles produced by the Golgi apparatus. ! Engage in digestion of molecules and ...
Knowns and Unknowns of the Alveolus - RT Journal On-Line
... The best-characterized marker for type I cells, T1-a, is not functionally characterized. This protein is expressed in other tissue sites known to carry out active ion transport (6). Animal modeling of this protein, which is relatively specific for the ATI cell in the distal rodent lung, has been dif ...
... The best-characterized marker for type I cells, T1-a, is not functionally characterized. This protein is expressed in other tissue sites known to carry out active ion transport (6). Animal modeling of this protein, which is relatively specific for the ATI cell in the distal rodent lung, has been dif ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.