Drosophila immune cell migration and adhesion during embryonic
... Much of the embryonic migration of Drosophila plasmatocytes occurs along paths where their function is required for further development. Plasmatocytes are specified in the anterior mesoderm in the ventral side of the head [20,21]; they then ingress [22] and split into three main routes, two of which ...
... Much of the embryonic migration of Drosophila plasmatocytes occurs along paths where their function is required for further development. Plasmatocytes are specified in the anterior mesoderm in the ventral side of the head [20,21]; they then ingress [22] and split into three main routes, two of which ...
The Abundance of Cell Cycle Regulatory Protein Cdc4p Is
... distinct E3 proteins each serve to regulate the interaction between E2 proteins and various distinct substrates. The ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway regulates two major cell cycle events: entry into S phase and entry into anaphase (reviewed in references 5, 22, and 38). In yeast, cell cycle ...
... distinct E3 proteins each serve to regulate the interaction between E2 proteins and various distinct substrates. The ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway regulates two major cell cycle events: entry into S phase and entry into anaphase (reviewed in references 5, 22, and 38). In yeast, cell cycle ...
Yeast as a Model Organism to Study Transport and
... Transport of alkali-metal cations in yeast Two active transporters (Trk1p and Trk2p) and two channels (Tok1p and Nsc1p) ensure the uptake of potassium in yeast cells (Fig. 1) (Ko and Gaber 1991, Bertl et al. 1998, Bihler et al. 1998). The optimum intracellular K+ content is 200-300 mM, whereas the K ...
... Transport of alkali-metal cations in yeast Two active transporters (Trk1p and Trk2p) and two channels (Tok1p and Nsc1p) ensure the uptake of potassium in yeast cells (Fig. 1) (Ko and Gaber 1991, Bertl et al. 1998, Bihler et al. 1998). The optimum intracellular K+ content is 200-300 mM, whereas the K ...
Biological Membranes - University of Malta
... The inner and outer surfaces of all biological membranes are different. Asymmetry may be due to differences in: 1. The polar head groups e.g. oligosaccharides are attached to the polar head on the outer surface of the plasma membrane. 2. The lipid composition of the inner and outer leaflets e.g. in ...
... The inner and outer surfaces of all biological membranes are different. Asymmetry may be due to differences in: 1. The polar head groups e.g. oligosaccharides are attached to the polar head on the outer surface of the plasma membrane. 2. The lipid composition of the inner and outer leaflets e.g. in ...
Pulsatile Stretch Remodels Cell-to-Cell Communication in Cultured
... Abstract—Mechanical stretch is thought to play an important role in remodeling atrial and ventricular myocardium and may produce substrates that promote arrhythmogenesis. In the present work, neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were cultured for 4 days as confluent monolayers on thin silicone membrane ...
... Abstract—Mechanical stretch is thought to play an important role in remodeling atrial and ventricular myocardium and may produce substrates that promote arrhythmogenesis. In the present work, neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were cultured for 4 days as confluent monolayers on thin silicone membrane ...
Polarity and endocytosis: reciprocal regulation
... in epithelial cells. The plasma membrane in polarized epithelial cells is divided into apical (green) and basolateral (orange) domains, separated by cell–cell junctions (yellow). This segregation requires endocytosis, as does the apical localization of Cdc42 and the Par module. Proteins are removed ...
... in epithelial cells. The plasma membrane in polarized epithelial cells is divided into apical (green) and basolateral (orange) domains, separated by cell–cell junctions (yellow). This segregation requires endocytosis, as does the apical localization of Cdc42 and the Par module. Proteins are removed ...
ESCV 2014 - Chromis Therapeutics
... Compound cytotoxicity was determined in parallel, using cells in same 96-well plates. The antiviral activity and cytotoxicity of the identified hits was further evaluated at multiple concentrations, and the EC50 and CC50 values were determined. As a result, at least five distinct chemistry series of ...
... Compound cytotoxicity was determined in parallel, using cells in same 96-well plates. The antiviral activity and cytotoxicity of the identified hits was further evaluated at multiple concentrations, and the EC50 and CC50 values were determined. As a result, at least five distinct chemistry series of ...
Direct Visualization by Cryo-EM of the Mycobacterial Capsular
... Cell envelope organization of mycobacterial cells The ultra-structure of the mycobacterial cell envelope was investigated using 30 nm vitreous sections, as previously described [15]. As a control for structural preservation of the envelope morphology, we also examine vitreous sections of the Gramneg ...
... Cell envelope organization of mycobacterial cells The ultra-structure of the mycobacterial cell envelope was investigated using 30 nm vitreous sections, as previously described [15]. As a control for structural preservation of the envelope morphology, we also examine vitreous sections of the Gramneg ...
tetraploidy checkpoint - The Journal of Cell Biology
... dreassen et al. (2001) for dihydrocytochalasin B. After removal of the drug, approximately half the cells were binucleate. To characterize cell cycle progression, some coverslips were fixed at 18 h after removal of the drug and assayed for BrdU incorporation. Other coverslips were mounted on chamber ...
... dreassen et al. (2001) for dihydrocytochalasin B. After removal of the drug, approximately half the cells were binucleate. To characterize cell cycle progression, some coverslips were fixed at 18 h after removal of the drug and assayed for BrdU incorporation. Other coverslips were mounted on chamber ...
ARF1 and SAR1 GTPases in Endomembrane Trafficking in Plants
... stages and in the de-etiolation process. Keywords: GTPases; vesicular trafficking; ARF1; SAR1; COPI; COPII ...
... stages and in the de-etiolation process. Keywords: GTPases; vesicular trafficking; ARF1; SAR1; COPI; COPII ...
The chimeric leucine-rich repeat/extensin cell wall protein
... reorienting cell expansion, form a long tubular structure almost perpendicular to the main cell axis. In Arabidopsis, root hair initiation takes place at the basal end of the trichoblast, when these cells enter the differentiation zone (Dolan et al. 1994). The root hair emerges as a bulge, which sub ...
... reorienting cell expansion, form a long tubular structure almost perpendicular to the main cell axis. In Arabidopsis, root hair initiation takes place at the basal end of the trichoblast, when these cells enter the differentiation zone (Dolan et al. 1994). The root hair emerges as a bulge, which sub ...
FLASH CARDS
... The diffusion of particles through proteins in the cell membranes from areas where the concentration of particles is high to areas where the concentration of particles is low ...
... The diffusion of particles through proteins in the cell membranes from areas where the concentration of particles is high to areas where the concentration of particles is low ...
Vp-1 Neurospora crassa circadian clock in chemostat culture
... In U. maydis pathogenic development is initiated by fusion of two compatible strains. Fusion is regulated by a pheromone-receptor system, and pheromone signaling involves the activation of a conserved cAMP pathway as well as of a MAP kinase module. Heterotrimeric G-proteins are considered as the ini ...
... In U. maydis pathogenic development is initiated by fusion of two compatible strains. Fusion is regulated by a pheromone-receptor system, and pheromone signaling involves the activation of a conserved cAMP pathway as well as of a MAP kinase module. Heterotrimeric G-proteins are considered as the ini ...
Boronophenyl analogs of phospholyrosines
... acid residues (Sadowsld et al. (1986) Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:4396-4408). The subsequent discovery that SH2 domains bind to speci?c phosphorylated tyrosine residues has pro vided a link between tyrosine ltinases and proteins that respond to tyrosine phosphorylation (for reviews see Koch et al. (1991) Sci ...
... acid residues (Sadowsld et al. (1986) Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:4396-4408). The subsequent discovery that SH2 domains bind to speci?c phosphorylated tyrosine residues has pro vided a link between tyrosine ltinases and proteins that respond to tyrosine phosphorylation (for reviews see Koch et al. (1991) Sci ...
Differentiation of Dictyostelium ca`sco2deum Cells in
... be noted that the media used in those experiments did not contain EDTA. In these cases, cells form quite large agglomerates, which are usually spherical, and in many cases they are eventually covered with a slime sheath. Such an agglomerate can thus be regarded as an independent multicellular matrix ...
... be noted that the media used in those experiments did not contain EDTA. In these cases, cells form quite large agglomerates, which are usually spherical, and in many cases they are eventually covered with a slime sheath. Such an agglomerate can thus be regarded as an independent multicellular matrix ...
Molecular Characterization and Functional Expression of the Human
... may play a major role in a wide variety of cellular processes, including embryogenesis, cellular differentiation and development, and electrotonic coupling (for review, see Bennett and Spray, 1985; Hertzberg and Johnson, 1988) In excitable tissue, gap junctions facilitate the passage of electrical a ...
... may play a major role in a wide variety of cellular processes, including embryogenesis, cellular differentiation and development, and electrotonic coupling (for review, see Bennett and Spray, 1985; Hertzberg and Johnson, 1988) In excitable tissue, gap junctions facilitate the passage of electrical a ...
Motor protein control of ion flux is an early step in embryonic left
... Figure 2. A model of the LR pathway based on cytoplasmic motor protein movement. This highly schematized diagram draws mainly on Xenopus embryogenesis and attempts to follow known timing data for each step. A: In the unfertilized egg (which is thought to possess radial symmetry about the animal–vege ...
... Figure 2. A model of the LR pathway based on cytoplasmic motor protein movement. This highly schematized diagram draws mainly on Xenopus embryogenesis and attempts to follow known timing data for each step. A: In the unfertilized egg (which is thought to possess radial symmetry about the animal–vege ...
action potential - HCC Learning Web
... Overview: Lines of Communication • The cone snail kills prey with venom that disables neurons • Neurons are nerve cells that transfer information within the body • Neurons use two types of signals to communicate – electrical signals (long-distance) – chemical signals (short-distance) • Transmission ...
... Overview: Lines of Communication • The cone snail kills prey with venom that disables neurons • Neurons are nerve cells that transfer information within the body • Neurons use two types of signals to communicate – electrical signals (long-distance) – chemical signals (short-distance) • Transmission ...
PDF
... As a prerequisite to understanding the possible role of FN in morphogenetic movements, its spatial distribution was determined before and during gastrulation. Specific antibodies directed against amphibian FN were applied either to sections or whole-mount specimens. Light microscopy In early stages ...
... As a prerequisite to understanding the possible role of FN in morphogenetic movements, its spatial distribution was determined before and during gastrulation. Specific antibodies directed against amphibian FN were applied either to sections or whole-mount specimens. Light microscopy In early stages ...
Plasma Membrane Permeability of Root
... deionized water. Three or four-d-old seedlings with roots approximately 5 cm in length were used in the experiments. Value of Al tolerance—The length of the longest root was measured for ten seedlings with a ruler prior to the treatments with control or Al. These seedlings were then transferred to t ...
... deionized water. Three or four-d-old seedlings with roots approximately 5 cm in length were used in the experiments. Value of Al tolerance—The length of the longest root was measured for ten seedlings with a ruler prior to the treatments with control or Al. These seedlings were then transferred to t ...
Ch 4. Movement of Molecules across Cell Membrane
... faces a hollow or fluid filled chamber and the plasma membrane on this side is referred to • basaolateral membrane: the opposite side of luminal membrane ...
... faces a hollow or fluid filled chamber and the plasma membrane on this side is referred to • basaolateral membrane: the opposite side of luminal membrane ...
File
... Students often forget the word net. This can indicate fundamental misconceptions about the nature of diffusion as dependent on random movement of particles. Maximum water potential being zero often confuses students. Sometimes it’s useful to talk about water potential as more negative (lower) or les ...
... Students often forget the word net. This can indicate fundamental misconceptions about the nature of diffusion as dependent on random movement of particles. Maximum water potential being zero often confuses students. Sometimes it’s useful to talk about water potential as more negative (lower) or les ...
Experimental approaches to study plant cell walls during plant
... CELL IMAGING AND SPETROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES Advanced cellular imaging can be useful to investigate phenotypes linked to plant-microbe associations. Cellular imaging can be particularly important when applying a quantitative methodology to imaging techniques. Many microscopic techniques are available, i ...
... CELL IMAGING AND SPETROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES Advanced cellular imaging can be useful to investigate phenotypes linked to plant-microbe associations. Cellular imaging can be particularly important when applying a quantitative methodology to imaging techniques. Many microscopic techniques are available, i ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.