osmosis - Biofizika
... allows smaller slovent molecules to pass through, but not the larger solute molecules PORE DIAMETER SELECTIVITY animal skin pellicles, walls of living cells, ceramic plate with holes, cellophane ...
... allows smaller slovent molecules to pass through, but not the larger solute molecules PORE DIAMETER SELECTIVITY animal skin pellicles, walls of living cells, ceramic plate with holes, cellophane ...
Redox Homeostasis and Antioxidant Signaling: A
... Figure 2. Sensitive Control of Cellular Redox Responses by Protein Thiol Status. The numbered reactions are as follows. 1, Reversible dithiol-disulfide formation mediated by the thioredoxin (or glutaredoxin) system, as in light modulation of chloroplastic enzyme activities. 2, Direct H2O2-dependent ...
... Figure 2. Sensitive Control of Cellular Redox Responses by Protein Thiol Status. The numbered reactions are as follows. 1, Reversible dithiol-disulfide formation mediated by the thioredoxin (or glutaredoxin) system, as in light modulation of chloroplastic enzyme activities. 2, Direct H2O2-dependent ...
Seasonal regulation of a 24-kDa protein from red
... the present study, a calcium chloride extraction method was used to identify cell-wall-associated xylem proteins that accumulated during periods of cold acclimation. A 24-kDa protein represented the predominant protein in both total protein and CaCl2 extracts during cold acclimation of field-grown p ...
... the present study, a calcium chloride extraction method was used to identify cell-wall-associated xylem proteins that accumulated during periods of cold acclimation. A 24-kDa protein represented the predominant protein in both total protein and CaCl2 extracts during cold acclimation of field-grown p ...
Meiosis Packet
... o However, ________________________________________ need to be separated. A second round of division pulls the chromosomes apart o Just like in mitosis Meiosis II is virtually identical to mitosis Meiosis II ___________________________ o Chromosomes condense and nucleus/nucleolus disappear _ ...
... o However, ________________________________________ need to be separated. A second round of division pulls the chromosomes apart o Just like in mitosis Meiosis II is virtually identical to mitosis Meiosis II ___________________________ o Chromosomes condense and nucleus/nucleolus disappear _ ...
Specialized progenitors and regeneration - Development
... molecular investigation (Shibata et al., 2010; Aboobaker, 2011; Rink, 2012). In this article, I focus on two possible models for how neoblasts produce replacement parts: naïve and specialized neoblast models (see Fig. 2). These models are not entirely mutually exclusive. However, understanding which ...
... molecular investigation (Shibata et al., 2010; Aboobaker, 2011; Rink, 2012). In this article, I focus on two possible models for how neoblasts produce replacement parts: naïve and specialized neoblast models (see Fig. 2). These models are not entirely mutually exclusive. However, understanding which ...
further characterization of the f1
... FIGURE 1 Sephadex G-200 elution profiles of phosphokinase activity in 0 .35 M NaCl extracts of Chinese hamster cells . Activity was assayed at pH 9.0 with calf thymus lysine-rich histone as substrate . (A) Whole cell phosphokinase extract chronatographed in eluting buffers at various NaCl concentrat ...
... FIGURE 1 Sephadex G-200 elution profiles of phosphokinase activity in 0 .35 M NaCl extracts of Chinese hamster cells . Activity was assayed at pH 9.0 with calf thymus lysine-rich histone as substrate . (A) Whole cell phosphokinase extract chronatographed in eluting buffers at various NaCl concentrat ...
Functional decorations: post-translational modifications and heart
... (O-GlcNAcylation) to serine or threonine residues of predominantly nucleocytoplasmic proteins. O-GlcNAc thus has the potential to compete with phosphorylation for binding sites [49]. This has led to the proposal of OGlcNAc-phosphate crosstalk (see below), although there are currently few examples of ...
... (O-GlcNAcylation) to serine or threonine residues of predominantly nucleocytoplasmic proteins. O-GlcNAc thus has the potential to compete with phosphorylation for binding sites [49]. This has led to the proposal of OGlcNAc-phosphate crosstalk (see below), although there are currently few examples of ...
- Wiley Online Library
... invasion in between CNC streams or induces an early arrest of migration (Theveneau et al., 2010). Sdf1/Cxcr4 axis functions primarily by increasing Rac1 activity, a small Rho GTPase required for lamellipodia formation, and stabilizing cell protrusions, which generate directional movement toward the ...
... invasion in between CNC streams or induces an early arrest of migration (Theveneau et al., 2010). Sdf1/Cxcr4 axis functions primarily by increasing Rac1 activity, a small Rho GTPase required for lamellipodia formation, and stabilizing cell protrusions, which generate directional movement toward the ...
Nonlysosomal Vesicles (Acidosomes) Are Involved
... cells and were found within granules that rim the forming digestive vacuole (arrows, A and B) and these granules moved with the released vacuole toward the posterior pole of the cell (arrowheads, A and C). The dark granules bordering the forming and newly released vacuoles in A were red and the rims ...
... cells and were found within granules that rim the forming digestive vacuole (arrows, A and B) and these granules moved with the released vacuole toward the posterior pole of the cell (arrowheads, A and C). The dark granules bordering the forming and newly released vacuoles in A were red and the rims ...
Brassinosteroids Regulate Plasma Membrane Anion Channels in
... BRs. V-ATPases are supposed to translocate osmolytes from the cytosol to the vacuole. Mutation in the DET3 gene encoding a V-ATPase reduced the effects of BR (Schumacher et al. 1999) and it would be interesting to see the impact of BRs on the recently described tonoplast proteomic analysis of A. tha ...
... BRs. V-ATPases are supposed to translocate osmolytes from the cytosol to the vacuole. Mutation in the DET3 gene encoding a V-ATPase reduced the effects of BR (Schumacher et al. 1999) and it would be interesting to see the impact of BRs on the recently described tonoplast proteomic analysis of A. tha ...
01 Signal transduction
... 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) is a serine/ threonine kinase that plays a central role in activating AGC subfamily of protein kinases. In the present study we show that PDK1 coimmunoprecipitates Smad proteins, including Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, and Smad7, and that this association ...
... 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) is a serine/ threonine kinase that plays a central role in activating AGC subfamily of protein kinases. In the present study we show that PDK1 coimmunoprecipitates Smad proteins, including Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, and Smad7, and that this association ...
Bio-Tech. Entire
... 1.3 Types of Defense- a) first line of defense (barriers at the portal of entry, physical and chemical barriers) b) second line of defense c) third line of defense-specific defense mechanism Unit II Introduction to cells and organs of immune system2.1 cells of immune system-a)broad categories of leu ...
... 1.3 Types of Defense- a) first line of defense (barriers at the portal of entry, physical and chemical barriers) b) second line of defense c) third line of defense-specific defense mechanism Unit II Introduction to cells and organs of immune system2.1 cells of immune system-a)broad categories of leu ...
Cryopreservation Theory
... to enable initiation of an embryonic ice crystal. It is popularly believed that water freezes at 0°C, but this is rarely the case. In the absence of templates that allow the coming together of H2O molecules, water supercools to freezing points below zero. The lowest possible supercooling temperature ...
... to enable initiation of an embryonic ice crystal. It is popularly believed that water freezes at 0°C, but this is rarely the case. In the absence of templates that allow the coming together of H2O molecules, water supercools to freezing points below zero. The lowest possible supercooling temperature ...
The first cell fate specification event in mouse development
... mouse, the first zygotic transcripts can already be observed at the 1-‐cell stage. These transcripts result from leaky transcription of the male nucleus (Li et al., 2010; Schultz, 2002). ...
... mouse, the first zygotic transcripts can already be observed at the 1-‐cell stage. These transcripts result from leaky transcription of the male nucleus (Li et al., 2010; Schultz, 2002). ...
Biologie des ARN/RNA Biology
... recognizes common element in mRNAs. 3. mRNAs are exported from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. 4. Then they are transported to the cell cortex, where they are translated locally. Encoded proteins assemble into complex. 5. Localized mRNAs could also play coding-independent role (e.g. scaffolding func ...
... recognizes common element in mRNAs. 3. mRNAs are exported from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. 4. Then they are transported to the cell cortex, where they are translated locally. Encoded proteins assemble into complex. 5. Localized mRNAs could also play coding-independent role (e.g. scaffolding func ...
Cryopreservation Theory
... to enable initiation of an embryonic ice crystal. It is popularly believed that water freezes at 0°C, but this is rarely the case. In the absence of templates that allow the coming together of H2O molecules, water supercools to freezing points below zero. The lowest possible supercooling temperature ...
... to enable initiation of an embryonic ice crystal. It is popularly believed that water freezes at 0°C, but this is rarely the case. In the absence of templates that allow the coming together of H2O molecules, water supercools to freezing points below zero. The lowest possible supercooling temperature ...
Inhibition of Cell Growth by Lovastatin Is Independent of ras Function
... We have investigated the inhibition of cell growth by lovastatin (pre viously known as mevinolin), an antagonist of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reducÃ-ase which blocks the processing and membrane local ization of ras proteins via inhibition of polyisoprenylation. A series of NIH 3T3 cells trans ...
... We have investigated the inhibition of cell growth by lovastatin (pre viously known as mevinolin), an antagonist of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reducÃ-ase which blocks the processing and membrane local ization of ras proteins via inhibition of polyisoprenylation. A series of NIH 3T3 cells trans ...
Review Physiological Significance of Morpho
... The anatomical ones include salt secretory trichomes and glands at leaf level, thick and many layered epidermis and well developed water storing tissues in the cortex of stem, and reduced cortical area, widening of casparian band and enhanced development of root endodermis. Of these, the most import ...
... The anatomical ones include salt secretory trichomes and glands at leaf level, thick and many layered epidermis and well developed water storing tissues in the cortex of stem, and reduced cortical area, widening of casparian band and enhanced development of root endodermis. Of these, the most import ...
Studies on polar cell wall growth and antibiotic susceptibility of
... interaction site in DivIVA, we mapped interaction sites of both proteins. It turned out that ParB binds to a middle region of DivIVA, whereas RodA binds to the N-terminal domain of DivIVA where one lysine residue is essential for interaction. To fight bacterial infections, that cause thousands of ca ...
... interaction site in DivIVA, we mapped interaction sites of both proteins. It turned out that ParB binds to a middle region of DivIVA, whereas RodA binds to the N-terminal domain of DivIVA where one lysine residue is essential for interaction. To fight bacterial infections, that cause thousands of ca ...
Document
... • Rop is a plant-specific subfamily of the Rho family of G protein that include Cdc42, Rac and Rho subfamilies from animals and fungi. (Rho GTPase signaling has been shown to regulate a wide variety of cellular processes, including reorganization and dynamics of F-actin, microtubule organization, ge ...
... • Rop is a plant-specific subfamily of the Rho family of G protein that include Cdc42, Rac and Rho subfamilies from animals and fungi. (Rho GTPase signaling has been shown to regulate a wide variety of cellular processes, including reorganization and dynamics of F-actin, microtubule organization, ge ...
Polarization of Endocytosis and Receptor
... or with a complex of biotinyl-Con A (Vector Laboratories Inc., Burlingame, Calif; 100 pg/ml) and avidin-peroxidase (Vector Laboratories Inc. ; 25 pg/ml) for electron microscopy . In general, fluorescent Con A labeling was done for 5 min in Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline with 5 mM glucose (PBS) ...
... or with a complex of biotinyl-Con A (Vector Laboratories Inc., Burlingame, Calif; 100 pg/ml) and avidin-peroxidase (Vector Laboratories Inc. ; 25 pg/ml) for electron microscopy . In general, fluorescent Con A labeling was done for 5 min in Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline with 5 mM glucose (PBS) ...
Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
... factor signals. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding the molecular biology, genetics, and biochemistry of the bacterial partner, the molecular mechanisms of nodule organogenesis programmed in the host legume plant are still imperfectly understood. Plant growth is the result ...
... factor signals. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding the molecular biology, genetics, and biochemistry of the bacterial partner, the molecular mechanisms of nodule organogenesis programmed in the host legume plant are still imperfectly understood. Plant growth is the result ...
Interplay between cell growth and cell cycle in
... or metazoans: Cyclin D homologues control the transition from G1 to S-phase, while Cyclin B homologues control the G2–M transition. Plant Cyclin D associates with CDKA, which is related to mammalian Cdk1, whereas Cyclin B functions in association with CDKB, which is specific to plants. Furthermore, ...
... or metazoans: Cyclin D homologues control the transition from G1 to S-phase, while Cyclin B homologues control the G2–M transition. Plant Cyclin D associates with CDKA, which is related to mammalian Cdk1, whereas Cyclin B functions in association with CDKB, which is specific to plants. Furthermore, ...
Identification of Diphtheria Toxin Receptor and a
... give a clue to the chemical nature of DT receptor, the possibility that extensive alteration of cell surface affecting the sensitivity of cells can not be neglected. Some of the most specific information on the DT receptor was obtained from immunoprecipitation studies, after surface iodination of DT ...
... give a clue to the chemical nature of DT receptor, the possibility that extensive alteration of cell surface affecting the sensitivity of cells can not be neglected. Some of the most specific information on the DT receptor was obtained from immunoprecipitation studies, after surface iodination of DT ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.