... Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko and Irwin Rose together discovered ubiquitinmediated proteolysis, a process where an enzyme system tags unwanted proteins with many molecules of the 76-amino acid residue protein ubiquitin. The tagged proteins are then transported to the proteasome, a large multisubu ...
Identification of novel MYO18A interaction partners - HAL
... Unconventional myosins do not form the structure of myofibrils, however, they have been shown to play important roles in the regulation of a wide range of cellular functions, including cell migration, intracellular trafficking, adhesion and cytokinesis10, although their implication in muscle cell fu ...
... Unconventional myosins do not form the structure of myofibrils, however, they have been shown to play important roles in the regulation of a wide range of cellular functions, including cell migration, intracellular trafficking, adhesion and cytokinesis10, although their implication in muscle cell fu ...
Megakaryoblastic Leukemia-1/2, a
... CArG box, muscle-specific promoters do not have obvious ternary complex factor binding sites. Hence it appears that activation of these promoters occurs through the complexing of SRF with other factors. SRF physically interacts with numerous cardiac-specific factors including GATA-4, Nkx2.5, TEF-1, ...
... CArG box, muscle-specific promoters do not have obvious ternary complex factor binding sites. Hence it appears that activation of these promoters occurs through the complexing of SRF with other factors. SRF physically interacts with numerous cardiac-specific factors including GATA-4, Nkx2.5, TEF-1, ...
72 2. INTRODUCTION: THE ROLE OF ONCOGENES IN SIGNAL
... Binding of PDGF ligand at the cell surface induces receptor dimerization and transphosphorylation of receptor monomers on specific tyrosine residues within the cytoplasmic domain. A series of intracellular phenomena follow, culminating in DNA synthesis and cell division. Figure 1 is a schematic of s ...
... Binding of PDGF ligand at the cell surface induces receptor dimerization and transphosphorylation of receptor monomers on specific tyrosine residues within the cytoplasmic domain. A series of intracellular phenomena follow, culminating in DNA synthesis and cell division. Figure 1 is a schematic of s ...
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition during gastrulation
... into two general types: those cells with a two-dimensional organization with their neighbors (epithelial) and those with a three-dimensional organization (mesenchymal). The two-dimensional organization of an epithelium is relative, of course, as it can fold into topologically complex structures, and ...
... into two general types: those cells with a two-dimensional organization with their neighbors (epithelial) and those with a three-dimensional organization (mesenchymal). The two-dimensional organization of an epithelium is relative, of course, as it can fold into topologically complex structures, and ...
Biology Lesson Plans - Paint Valley Local Schools
... HW: Continue to study the differences between mitosis and meiosis. Ch. 8 Test next Monday. Thursday, November 21, 2013 Continue the Mitosis & Meiosis Doing It on the Table Activity HW: Ch. 8 Test on Monday. Friday, November 22, 2013 http://school.discoveryeducation.com/quizzes6/muskopf/mitosis1.html ...
... HW: Continue to study the differences between mitosis and meiosis. Ch. 8 Test next Monday. Thursday, November 21, 2013 Continue the Mitosis & Meiosis Doing It on the Table Activity HW: Ch. 8 Test on Monday. Friday, November 22, 2013 http://school.discoveryeducation.com/quizzes6/muskopf/mitosis1.html ...
A Late Mitotic Regulatory Network Controlling
... inhibition of the APC causes a metaphase arrest and not the anaphase arrest that results from overexpression of nondegradable cyclin (Holloway et al., 1993; Irniger et al., 1995; Cohen-Fix et al., 1996; Zachariae et al., 1998). Other APC substrates have also been identified in S. cerevisiae, includi ...
... inhibition of the APC causes a metaphase arrest and not the anaphase arrest that results from overexpression of nondegradable cyclin (Holloway et al., 1993; Irniger et al., 1995; Cohen-Fix et al., 1996; Zachariae et al., 1998). Other APC substrates have also been identified in S. cerevisiae, includi ...
Membrane nanodomains in plants: capturing form, function, and
... The plasma membrane is the interface between the cell and the external environment. Plasma membrane lipids provide scaffolds for proteins and protein complexes that are involved in cell to cell communication, signal transduction, immune responses, and transport of small molecules. In animals, fungi, ...
... The plasma membrane is the interface between the cell and the external environment. Plasma membrane lipids provide scaffolds for proteins and protein complexes that are involved in cell to cell communication, signal transduction, immune responses, and transport of small molecules. In animals, fungi, ...
Gap junctions between optic nerve head astrocytes.
... metabolic coupling.11 In electrical coupling, a current applied to one cell spreads to its coupled neighboring cell to a greater degree than would be expected from their physical closeness. Ions seem to pass from one cell to the next via lowresistance pathways. Since all cells with electrical coupli ...
... metabolic coupling.11 In electrical coupling, a current applied to one cell spreads to its coupled neighboring cell to a greater degree than would be expected from their physical closeness. Ions seem to pass from one cell to the next via lowresistance pathways. Since all cells with electrical coupli ...
the cell cycle in action - Oxford Academic
... finger (CUL3-BTB/POZ); UV-damaged DNA binding protein 1 (CUL4-DDB1) and the anaphase-promoting complex/ cyclosome (APC/C). In the case of plants, the number of E3 ligases is much higher than in other eukaryotes (yeast and mammals for example), also suggesting a broader number of targets that might b ...
... finger (CUL3-BTB/POZ); UV-damaged DNA binding protein 1 (CUL4-DDB1) and the anaphase-promoting complex/ cyclosome (APC/C). In the case of plants, the number of E3 ligases is much higher than in other eukaryotes (yeast and mammals for example), also suggesting a broader number of targets that might b ...
Full-Text PDF
... infection, and metabolic and autoimmune disorders [9–15]. In plants, the situation is different because there are many putative leaderless secretory proteins but very few of them have been experimentally demonstrated to localize to the apoplast and their physiological role determined [4]. The only e ...
... infection, and metabolic and autoimmune disorders [9–15]. In plants, the situation is different because there are many putative leaderless secretory proteins but very few of them have been experimentally demonstrated to localize to the apoplast and their physiological role determined [4]. The only e ...
Activating the DNA damage checkpoint in a developmental context
... (MZT; similar to the mid-blastula transition (MBT) of vertebrates; [6,8]!. Post-blastoderm division cycles 14–16, which take place after MZT, include a G2 period [6]. In addition to a change in the regulation of mitosis, cell divisions after MZT occur according to a strict spatial and temporal progr ...
... (MZT; similar to the mid-blastula transition (MBT) of vertebrates; [6,8]!. Post-blastoderm division cycles 14–16, which take place after MZT, include a G2 period [6]. In addition to a change in the regulation of mitosis, cell divisions after MZT occur according to a strict spatial and temporal progr ...
Chewing the fat on natural killer T cell development
... hypothesis that iGb3 is required for normal NKT cell development in mice and humans. The production of iGb3 synthase–deficient mice is the most obvious approach, as this defect would affect iGb3 biosynthesis in the early secretory pathway rather than its degradation in the lysosome, and the mice wou ...
... hypothesis that iGb3 is required for normal NKT cell development in mice and humans. The production of iGb3 synthase–deficient mice is the most obvious approach, as this defect would affect iGb3 biosynthesis in the early secretory pathway rather than its degradation in the lysosome, and the mice wou ...
Glucocorticoid-Induced Plasma Membrane Depolarization during
... (18, 30). Figure 1 provides an example of DiBAC4(3) fluorescence in freshly isolated thymocytes, spontaneously dying thymocytes, and thymocytes treated with dexamethasone for 6 h. Freshly isolated thymocytes have low DiBAC4(3) fluorescence, indicating that plasma membrane potential is intact. Furthe ...
... (18, 30). Figure 1 provides an example of DiBAC4(3) fluorescence in freshly isolated thymocytes, spontaneously dying thymocytes, and thymocytes treated with dexamethasone for 6 h. Freshly isolated thymocytes have low DiBAC4(3) fluorescence, indicating that plasma membrane potential is intact. Furthe ...
Development of zebrafish epidermis
... Guellec et al., 2004). Another difference is that mammalian epidermis is a well-organized stratified tissue with basal, spinous, granular, and horny cells from the basal membrane to the skin surface, while teleost epidermis does not have this kind of cell order and is composed of various cell types ...
... Guellec et al., 2004). Another difference is that mammalian epidermis is a well-organized stratified tissue with basal, spinous, granular, and horny cells from the basal membrane to the skin surface, while teleost epidermis does not have this kind of cell order and is composed of various cell types ...
effeot of moisture stress on submicrosoopic struoture of maize roots
... in parallel were observed (Fig. 9). The plasmalemma is very fragmented and much more electron-dense than in the turgid control roots (Fig. 8). In metaxylem and the cells surrounding them large lipid droplets are found (Fig. 8 and insert in Fig. 10) grouped along the cell walls. Such lipid droplets o ...
... in parallel were observed (Fig. 9). The plasmalemma is very fragmented and much more electron-dense than in the turgid control roots (Fig. 8). In metaxylem and the cells surrounding them large lipid droplets are found (Fig. 8 and insert in Fig. 10) grouped along the cell walls. Such lipid droplets o ...
Nature Rev.Mol.Cell Biol. 16
... From Venkatesh and Workman, Nature Rev.Mol.Cell Biol. 16, 178 (2015) Histone exchange occurs before transcription initiation or during transcription elongation Chromatin remodellers and histone chaperones mediate histone exchange Chromatin modifications facilitate histone exchange H2A.Z-containing n ...
... From Venkatesh and Workman, Nature Rev.Mol.Cell Biol. 16, 178 (2015) Histone exchange occurs before transcription initiation or during transcription elongation Chromatin remodellers and histone chaperones mediate histone exchange Chromatin modifications facilitate histone exchange H2A.Z-containing n ...
Organelle Division and Cytoplasmic Inheritance
... bacterial endosymbionts, there may ha ve been a dividing ring such as the FtsZ ring inside chloroplasts and mitochondria at an early stage of evolution (Figure I-H, Ig). However, the nucleus eventually came to control the organelle division from the outside, using PD- and MD-rings made from actinlik ...
... bacterial endosymbionts, there may ha ve been a dividing ring such as the FtsZ ring inside chloroplasts and mitochondria at an early stage of evolution (Figure I-H, Ig). However, the nucleus eventually came to control the organelle division from the outside, using PD- and MD-rings made from actinlik ...
The human apyrase-like protein LALP70 is lysosomal
... microtubules (Lang et al., 1998), indicating that a microtubuledependent transport of autophagic vacuoles is necessary for their delivery to the yeast vacuole. Although the genetic approach in yeast has been proved an effective model to dissect the molecular basis of a variety of cellular structures ...
... microtubules (Lang et al., 1998), indicating that a microtubuledependent transport of autophagic vacuoles is necessary for their delivery to the yeast vacuole. Although the genetic approach in yeast has been proved an effective model to dissect the molecular basis of a variety of cellular structures ...
Helical growth in plant organs: mechanisms and
... Fig. 1. Examples of helical growth forms in plants. (A) Path of circumnutation of the growing apex of the dodder Cuscuta gronovii (Convolvulaceae), mapped at 5 min intervals. The apex is moving toward the light (arrows) in wide right-handed circular movements. ω marks a fixed reference point. Adapte ...
... Fig. 1. Examples of helical growth forms in plants. (A) Path of circumnutation of the growing apex of the dodder Cuscuta gronovii (Convolvulaceae), mapped at 5 min intervals. The apex is moving toward the light (arrows) in wide right-handed circular movements. ω marks a fixed reference point. Adapte ...
CN Theveneau
... invasion in between CNC streams or induces an early arrest of migration (Theveneau et al., 2010). Sdf1/Cxcr4 axis functions primarily by increasing Rac1 activity, a small Rho GTPase required for lamellipodia formation, and stabilizing cell protrusions, which generate directional movement toward the ...
... invasion in between CNC streams or induces an early arrest of migration (Theveneau et al., 2010). Sdf1/Cxcr4 axis functions primarily by increasing Rac1 activity, a small Rho GTPase required for lamellipodia formation, and stabilizing cell protrusions, which generate directional movement toward the ...
FRET Applications to IOn Channels
... cellular sites11–13. The basis of the assay is that depolarized cells accumulate the negatively charged dyes and increase their fluorescence to a greater extent than hyperpolarized cells (Fig. 1a,b). Only the slow dyes, with their relatively good sensitivity, have been applied to HTS. Indeed, the ea ...
... cellular sites11–13. The basis of the assay is that depolarized cells accumulate the negatively charged dyes and increase their fluorescence to a greater extent than hyperpolarized cells (Fig. 1a,b). Only the slow dyes, with their relatively good sensitivity, have been applied to HTS. Indeed, the ea ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.