Membrane traffic and fusion at post-Golgi compartments
... Traffic of soluble proteins from the ER to the PM and out of the cell occurs by default, the only requirement being an N-terminal signal peptide for protein translocation across the ER membrane, as shown for several soluble enzymes as well as GFP (Denecke et al., 1991; Batoko et al., 2000). Conversel ...
... Traffic of soluble proteins from the ER to the PM and out of the cell occurs by default, the only requirement being an N-terminal signal peptide for protein translocation across the ER membrane, as shown for several soluble enzymes as well as GFP (Denecke et al., 1991; Batoko et al., 2000). Conversel ...
1 Sporulation, bacterial cell envelopes, and the origin of life Elitza I
... While the well-studied model endospore-forming species (classes Bacilli and Clostridia) are all monoderms, we imaged Acetonema longum, a member of a lesser-known family of Clostridia named the Veillonellaceae that forms endospores but is diderm8. Biochemical characterization of the outer membrane re ...
... While the well-studied model endospore-forming species (classes Bacilli and Clostridia) are all monoderms, we imaged Acetonema longum, a member of a lesser-known family of Clostridia named the Veillonellaceae that forms endospores but is diderm8. Biochemical characterization of the outer membrane re ...
AtSpc98p and plant microtubule nucleation
... cells. Microtubule nucleation involving Spc98p-containing γ-tubulin complexes could then be conserved among all eukaryotes, despite differences in structure and spatial distribution of microtubule organizing centers. ...
... cells. Microtubule nucleation involving Spc98p-containing γ-tubulin complexes could then be conserved among all eukaryotes, despite differences in structure and spatial distribution of microtubule organizing centers. ...
Signals are transmitted from one neuron to the next
... While electrical synapses are fewer in number than chemical synapses, they are found in all nervous systems where they play important and unique roles. The mode of neurotransmission in electrical synapses is quite different from that in chemical synapses. In an electrical synapse, the presynaptic an ...
... While electrical synapses are fewer in number than chemical synapses, they are found in all nervous systems where they play important and unique roles. The mode of neurotransmission in electrical synapses is quite different from that in chemical synapses. In an electrical synapse, the presynaptic an ...
ER Membrane Protein Complex Required for Nuclear
... opposite mating type. After fusion of the two plasma membranes of the mating cells, a dinucleated cell forms initially in which the two haploid nuclei then rapidly fuse to form a single diploid nucleus. This latter event, called karyogamy, can be divided into two distinct steps: the microtubule-base ...
... opposite mating type. After fusion of the two plasma membranes of the mating cells, a dinucleated cell forms initially in which the two haploid nuclei then rapidly fuse to form a single diploid nucleus. This latter event, called karyogamy, can be divided into two distinct steps: the microtubule-base ...
Translational control of meiotic cell cycle progression
... meiotic activation in oocytes, early embryogenesis in many organisms, and spermatogenesis. Here we show that a novel form of the translation initiation complex component eIF4G in Drosophila, eIF4G2, is required specifically for male germ cells to undergo meiotic division and proper spermatid differe ...
... meiotic activation in oocytes, early embryogenesis in many organisms, and spermatogenesis. Here we show that a novel form of the translation initiation complex component eIF4G in Drosophila, eIF4G2, is required specifically for male germ cells to undergo meiotic division and proper spermatid differe ...
Tricia Windgassen 12/8/09 BIO464 Lab 2009 Bradley University
... from meiosis) that is exchanged with another cell before fertilization. This study’s conjugation cyclin gene expression profile did not closely agree with the Tetrahymena Gene Expression Database’s (TGED) expression profile for this cyclin, which peaked significantly at conjugation hour 0. ...
... from meiosis) that is exchanged with another cell before fertilization. This study’s conjugation cyclin gene expression profile did not closely agree with the Tetrahymena Gene Expression Database’s (TGED) expression profile for this cyclin, which peaked significantly at conjugation hour 0. ...
13.2. Natural Cell Death
... Binding of hdm2 to p53 inhibits its transactivation activity and leads to its degradation. ARF overexpression leads to p53 stabilization by binding to hdm2 and preventing the hdm2 mediated p53 inhibition and degradation. Disruption of hdm2 and p53 interactions appears to be critical for the stabiliz ...
... Binding of hdm2 to p53 inhibits its transactivation activity and leads to its degradation. ARF overexpression leads to p53 stabilization by binding to hdm2 and preventing the hdm2 mediated p53 inhibition and degradation. Disruption of hdm2 and p53 interactions appears to be critical for the stabiliz ...
Dynamin and the Actin Cytoskeleton Cooperatively Regulate
... (A) Negative staining electron microscopy. Upper panels: Liposomes were incubated with recombinant F-BAR-containing proteins or their isolated F-BAR domains. Lower panels: Liposomes were incubated either with FBP17 or with dynamin alone, or with both proteins together, as indicated. The presence of ...
... (A) Negative staining electron microscopy. Upper panels: Liposomes were incubated with recombinant F-BAR-containing proteins or their isolated F-BAR domains. Lower panels: Liposomes were incubated either with FBP17 or with dynamin alone, or with both proteins together, as indicated. The presence of ...
Transport Between the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Apparatus
... much larger than the plant Golgi. It has been reported that in various plant cellular systems the Golgi apparatus is present as multiple stacks that are distributed throughout the cytosol and are capable of rapid movement ...
... much larger than the plant Golgi. It has been reported that in various plant cellular systems the Golgi apparatus is present as multiple stacks that are distributed throughout the cytosol and are capable of rapid movement ...
Induction of a Secondary Body Axis in Xenopus by Antibodies to
... at four developmental stages were subjected to SDS-PAGEand Western blotted for ~-catenin. (Lanes 9-11) Anti-/3-cateninWestern blots of anti-~-catenin, anti-C-cadherin, and nonimmune immunoprecipitates (respectively) from solubilized Xenopus blastula embryos (stage 8). (Lane 12) Anti-C-cadherin Weste ...
... at four developmental stages were subjected to SDS-PAGEand Western blotted for ~-catenin. (Lanes 9-11) Anti-/3-cateninWestern blots of anti-~-catenin, anti-C-cadherin, and nonimmune immunoprecipitates (respectively) from solubilized Xenopus blastula embryos (stage 8). (Lane 12) Anti-C-cadherin Weste ...
Quantification of gap junction selectivity
... To understand why the mammalian genome includes 20 or more connexin genes, the functional differences between the gap junctions that they form must be appreciated. Since their discovery, much has been learned about gap junctions in a broad sense, but their functional and regulatory differences are s ...
... To understand why the mammalian genome includes 20 or more connexin genes, the functional differences between the gap junctions that they form must be appreciated. Since their discovery, much has been learned about gap junctions in a broad sense, but their functional and regulatory differences are s ...
Posttranscriptional Gene Silencing-2015
... Tumor-derived Exosomes Initiate Tumor Growth in Normal Cells ...
... Tumor-derived Exosomes Initiate Tumor Growth in Normal Cells ...
Cells are Either Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
... Communication Among Plant Cells • Plant cells have channels, called plasmodesmata, that are always open and hence have the effect of making the cytoplasm of one plant cell continuous with that of another. ...
... Communication Among Plant Cells • Plant cells have channels, called plasmodesmata, that are always open and hence have the effect of making the cytoplasm of one plant cell continuous with that of another. ...
Oriented Asymmetric Divisions That Generate the
... Schnittger et al., 1999; Lee and Schiefelbein, 2000). Positional cues, which may be transmitted by intercellular signaling (Scheres, 1997), may be especially important in plants because plant cells do not usually migrate. In addition to their significance for gas exchange, stomata are a valuable sys ...
... Schnittger et al., 1999; Lee and Schiefelbein, 2000). Positional cues, which may be transmitted by intercellular signaling (Scheres, 1997), may be especially important in plants because plant cells do not usually migrate. In addition to their significance for gas exchange, stomata are a valuable sys ...
Coupling cellular oscillators—circadian and cell division cycles in cyanobacteria Bernardo F Pando
... dark cycles. The question of how the cell division machinery is affected by this player was still open. Following up on this work, Mackey et al. [24] reported a screen based on the yeast two-hybrid assay, with which they identified the gene CdpA that interacts with CikA and has an effect on the elo ...
... dark cycles. The question of how the cell division machinery is affected by this player was still open. Following up on this work, Mackey et al. [24] reported a screen based on the yeast two-hybrid assay, with which they identified the gene CdpA that interacts with CikA and has an effect on the elo ...
Mitochondrion and Chloroplast Regulation of Plant Programmed
... CARD interacts with procaspase-9 creating a holoenzyme with the ability to activate caspase-3 and caspase-7, leading to the cleavage of procaspase-2, procaspase-6, procaspase-8 and procaspase-10 resulting in a proteolytic cascade eventually causing cellular destruction [37, 38]. However, regulatory ...
... CARD interacts with procaspase-9 creating a holoenzyme with the ability to activate caspase-3 and caspase-7, leading to the cleavage of procaspase-2, procaspase-6, procaspase-8 and procaspase-10 resulting in a proteolytic cascade eventually causing cellular destruction [37, 38]. However, regulatory ...
Motility of Escherichia coli cells in clusters formed by chemotactic aggregation Nikhil Mittal*
... These cells then become moving sources of attractants and start interacting with each other, by coordinating chemotactic motility over a long spatial range. This interaction leads to different nontrivial collective phenomena such as formation of dense multicellular clusters, moving bands, 3D-moving ...
... These cells then become moving sources of attractants and start interacting with each other, by coordinating chemotactic motility over a long spatial range. This interaction leads to different nontrivial collective phenomena such as formation of dense multicellular clusters, moving bands, 3D-moving ...
Enrichment of Electrochemically Active Bacteria Using a Three
... amperometric signal was observed. After 7 days of enrichment, however, a stable current in a range of 6-12 µA was observed. Typical traces of the current change due to the action of the electrochemically active bacteria in the electrochemical cell with the addition of the synthetic wastewater are sh ...
... amperometric signal was observed. After 7 days of enrichment, however, a stable current in a range of 6-12 µA was observed. Typical traces of the current change due to the action of the electrochemically active bacteria in the electrochemical cell with the addition of the synthetic wastewater are sh ...
Distributed Processing of Sensory Information
... were consistent with a direct or possibly disynaptic pathway. Connections between interneurons appeared to be rare and hyperpolarization of individual interneurons during local bending produced small but reliable decrements in motor neuron response, suggesting that multiple parallel pathways contrib ...
... were consistent with a direct or possibly disynaptic pathway. Connections between interneurons appeared to be rare and hyperpolarization of individual interneurons during local bending produced small but reliable decrements in motor neuron response, suggesting that multiple parallel pathways contrib ...
Cytokinesis failure occurs in Fanconi anemia pathway
... activity, which promotes replication fork reversal (10). More recently, FANCM has also been proven to control replication fork progression (11, 12). Therefore, besides its role in recruiting the core complex in the chromatin (9), FANCM has been proposed to directly function in DNA replication and re ...
... activity, which promotes replication fork reversal (10). More recently, FANCM has also been proven to control replication fork progression (11, 12). Therefore, besides its role in recruiting the core complex in the chromatin (9), FANCM has been proposed to directly function in DNA replication and re ...
Actin Filaments of Guard Cells Are Reorganized
... Actin filaments and microtubules in plant cells are often taken in the process of ABA treatment showed large variintimately associated in the cell cortex, and their stability is ations in stomatal size and actin filament patterns. Thus, interdependent. We localized microtubules to investigate we mea ...
... Actin filaments and microtubules in plant cells are often taken in the process of ABA treatment showed large variintimately associated in the cell cortex, and their stability is ations in stomatal size and actin filament patterns. Thus, interdependent. We localized microtubules to investigate we mea ...
Leaf Development - Plant Ontology Wiki
... From this point on, leaf growth differs between monocots and dicots. ...
... From this point on, leaf growth differs between monocots and dicots. ...
PDF
... t Number of disaggregated cells showing FITC-Con A binding pattern. NP = n o n polar, P = polar, NS = not scorable. A cell was designated as polar if FITC-Con A fluorescence was restricted to 7 5 % or less of the cell surface (see Reeve & Ziomek, 1980). Numbers in parentheses represent additional ce ...
... t Number of disaggregated cells showing FITC-Con A binding pattern. NP = n o n polar, P = polar, NS = not scorable. A cell was designated as polar if FITC-Con A fluorescence was restricted to 7 5 % or less of the cell surface (see Reeve & Ziomek, 1980). Numbers in parentheses represent additional ce ...
Intrusive growth of flax phloem fibers is of intercalary type
... and Emons 2000), and longitudinally aligned microfilaments (Ketelaar et al. 2002, 2003) and longitudinally aligned microtubules (Sieberer et al. 2002) in the subapical region, whereas cells with diffuse growth do not show such organization. The study on the mechanism of intrusive growth is hampered ...
... and Emons 2000), and longitudinally aligned microfilaments (Ketelaar et al. 2002, 2003) and longitudinally aligned microtubules (Sieberer et al. 2002) in the subapical region, whereas cells with diffuse growth do not show such organization. The study on the mechanism of intrusive growth is hampered ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.