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... immunity against viruses and bacteria, are well investigated since times of L. Paster. In simplified form it could be presented as struggle of specific antibodies and cells of organism immune against alien antigenes. This method has a number of serious lacks, the main of which relates to poorly pred ...
Created with Sketch. Spreading diseases
Created with Sketch. Spreading diseases

... eat their sandwiches or scratch their nose, the viruses could then get into their body. Scientists call the objects that are able to carry infectious organisms from one person to another fomites (e.g. pencils, telephones, door handles, books). Rather than trying to disinfect the whole of your house ...
SR 50(2) 42-43 (Test Your Knowledge)
SR 50(2) 42-43 (Test Your Knowledge)

... a) It does not like blood ...
Overview The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreak in
Overview The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreak in

... detected in April of this year in three flocks in southern Ontario, Canada, and on Monday of this week in a wild goose in Michigan. The Ontario, premises are approximately 75 miles from Erie, Pennsylvania, and the location of the wild goose found in Michigan is approximately 145 miles from Erie, Pen ...
Document
Document

... – Diseases caused by a combination of pathogens and other cofactors – Pathogens that require a human host ...
Emerging diseases
Emerging diseases

... wild birds, chickens and other domestic birds to become sick and die. There have also been a small number of cases in which people have been infected with the virus through direct contact with birds. H5N1 is the scientific term for the bird flu virus that is currently infecting wild birds, poultry, ...
Microbes and Disease - Miss Hanson's Biology Resources
Microbes and Disease - Miss Hanson's Biology Resources

... Learning Outcomes • know that an antigen is a protein, foreign to an individual, that triggers a response by some white blood cells which secrete antibodies specific to the antigen that is present. Antibodies destroy the cells bearing the antigen. • assess data showing how, after an antigen has bee ...
National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (NFID)
National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (NFID)

... educating parents about the benefits of annual flu vaccination. Each year in the U.S., approximately 20,000 children under age 5 are hospitalized from flu-related complications. There were 830 pediatric deaths reported over an eight-year period and a substantial number (one third or more) of these c ...
Antiviral prophylaxis during pandemic influenza
Antiviral prophylaxis during pandemic influenza

... severely sick patients who are taken care of at home by 20% and hospitalized patients by 30%; individuals with asymptomatic infection do not further reduce their contacts. As hospitalized cases are relatively rare, their slightly higher isolation effect (30% reduction) can be neglected. This leaves ...
Press release Zika virus found inside spermatozoa
Press release Zika virus found inside spermatozoa

... In this letter, the scientists report the case of a 32-year-old man returning from French Guyana with symptoms suggestive of Zika virus infection, namely, moderate fever, rash, and muscle and joint pain. Zika virus was detected in the patient's plasma and urine 2 days after the onset of these sympto ...
The Human Immune System
The Human Immune System

... • Some disease-causing bacteria multiply into new forms that our body doesn’t recognize, requiring annual vaccinations, like the flu shot • Booster shot - reminds the immune system of the antigen • Others last for a lifetime, such as chicken pox ...
PDF recommendation - PCI Evol Biol
PDF recommendation - PCI Evol Biol

... individuals): the fittest variants are favoured at the expense of the weakest ones. In contrast, genetic drift reduces diversity in a stochastic manner among replicates. Genetic drift acts equally on all variants irrespectively of their fitness. The strength of genetic drift is frequently evaluated ...
RD 17 Infectious Diseases 2011
RD 17 Infectious Diseases 2011

... Those who are initial responders are not generally offered a booster, even if their titres drop, unless they are immuno-compromised. There is no immunization or post exposure prophylaxis proven to be effective against HCV at present. However treatment of acute hepatitis C with interferon alfa-2b pre ...
Influenza Presentation by Virginia Dato at MMRS13 Nov 10
Influenza Presentation by Virginia Dato at MMRS13 Nov 10

... Vaccination is the best defense because it prepares the immune system to rapidly respond when exposed to the virus. This rest of this lecture is for when a person can’t get a vaccine because: – an effective safe vaccine does not exist or there are shortages – the person has a medical reason that kee ...
Document
Document

...  Multi-centre – Boston (USA), Rwanda, S/Africa  KAVI-Kangemi recruiting  Screened 85  Enrolled 34 ...
Slide #2
Slide #2

... GI Tract Infections Faculty Copy – Page 10 ...
0011219367 - University of Oxford
0011219367 - University of Oxford

... (ii) How accurately can we infer virus transmission from very large sets of viral genomes? And how do we formally integrate viral genetic data with other sources of information, such as public health surveillance reports, host demographics, and social network data? (iii) How can viral genomics be us ...
Document
Document

... a. considered living because they have the ability to take over a cell. b. not considered living because they do not have the characteristics of living things c. considered living only when they are inside of a cell d. not considered living because they there aren’t any antibiotics for them 13. All ...
Vaccine Preventable Diseases and healthcare workers
Vaccine Preventable Diseases and healthcare workers

... killed viruses or bacteria, or from live weakened strains of viruses or bacteria; the vaccine is capable of stimulating an immune response that protects against natural (‘wild’) infection1 . • Vaccines usually induce an immune response to mimic the host’s response to natural infection, but without t ...
Chapter 16
Chapter 16

... • Blood: plasma (fluid portion) and formed elements (cells and cell fragments) – Leukocytes: white blood cells • During infections (esp. bacteria infection) number of leukocytes may increase or decrease detected by differential white blood cell count – Leukocytosis: increase in total number of white ...
pharm 5 [4-20
pharm 5 [4-20

... 17. What drugs in the text are contraindicated in patients with pulmonary disease?  Bleomycin (chemotherapeutic) and amidarone (antiarrhythmic) cause chronic injury in the form of fibrosis to the lungs 18. Which drug acts as an antagonist of estrogen receptors in the breast, but a partial agonist i ...
chapter25
chapter25

... – Humans only natural host – Natural infection confers lifelong immunity – Virus is spread by asymptomatic individuals in high numbers – Virus can be present in saliva of symptomatic persons • Virus may be present for up to a week before symptoms appear to 2 weeks after ...
What’s up with the flu? - Winona Senior High School
What’s up with the flu? - Winona Senior High School

... On average 36,000 people die from the flu every year in the United States, 90% are over 65 Swine flu has killed more than 1,000 people, but it is not more deadly than the seasonal flu As of October 2005, only 116 confirmed cases of the H5N1 strain of flu being transmitted from infected birds to peop ...
Facing Fear
Facing Fear

... Copyright 2007 The American National Red Cross ...
Health 6 Student Bk
Health 6 Student Bk

... body makes to fight disease germs. When HIV enters T-helper cells, it combines its genetic code with that of the T-helper cells. In this way it orders the cells to make copies of itself. The hundreds of new viruses ...
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Antiviral drug

Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used specifically for treating viral infections. Like antibiotics for bacteria, specific antivirals are used for specific viruses. Unlike most antibiotics, antiviral drugs do not destroy their target pathogen; instead they inhibit their development.Antiviral drugs are one class of antimicrobials, a larger group which also includes antibiotic (also termed antibacterial), antifungal and antiparasitic drugs, or antiviral drugs based on monoclonal antibodies. Most antivirals are considered relatively harmless to the host, and therefore can be used to treat infections. They should be distinguished from viricides, which are not medication but deactivate or destroy virus particles, either inside or outside the body. Antivirals also can be found in essential oils of some herbs, such as eucalyptus oil and its constituents.
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