Cellular respiration - how cells make energy Oxygen is needed for
... At each step in the chain, a little energy is released that can be used by the cell. Oxygen is what ultimately pulls on these electrons and powers the chain. If all the energy were released at once, it would be explosive. NADH is recycled. So how do we actually go from sugar to ATP? Three main steps ...
... At each step in the chain, a little energy is released that can be used by the cell. Oxygen is what ultimately pulls on these electrons and powers the chain. If all the energy were released at once, it would be explosive. NADH is recycled. So how do we actually go from sugar to ATP? Three main steps ...
Chapter 7
... Uncertainty Principle – location and momentum of particle are complimentary; can’t both be known simultaneously with precision; can’t specify precise location of particle if it behaves like a wave Developed an equation that describes the wavelike properties of matter, we use the wave function to exp ...
... Uncertainty Principle – location and momentum of particle are complimentary; can’t both be known simultaneously with precision; can’t specify precise location of particle if it behaves like a wave Developed an equation that describes the wavelike properties of matter, we use the wave function to exp ...
Krebs Cycle - WordPress.com
... The Krebs cycle completes the breakdown of sugar In the Krebs cycle, Pyruvate from glycolysis is first “prepped” into a usable form, Acetyl-CoA ...
... The Krebs cycle completes the breakdown of sugar In the Krebs cycle, Pyruvate from glycolysis is first “prepped” into a usable form, Acetyl-CoA ...
PS 3 Answers
... either from succinate or NADH oxidation it will, of course, have the same redox potential. The production of QH2 via Complex I pumps 4 net protons to the intermembrane space, but the same is not true for oxidation of succinate via Complex II (where no protons are pumped). Thus the 4 proton different ...
... either from succinate or NADH oxidation it will, of course, have the same redox potential. The production of QH2 via Complex I pumps 4 net protons to the intermembrane space, but the same is not true for oxidation of succinate via Complex II (where no protons are pumped). Thus the 4 proton different ...
Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis
... • O2: high “reduction potential” • Substrates – Organic cofactors – Metals (iron/sulfur clusters) – cytochromes ...
... • O2: high “reduction potential” • Substrates – Organic cofactors – Metals (iron/sulfur clusters) – cytochromes ...
chap18 oxidative phosphorylation
... consisting of pH gradient and transmembrane electron potentials. ATP is synthesized when protons flow back into the mitochondria through another enzyme complex. Oxidative phosphorylation consists of two phases. 1. Electron motive force is converted into proton motive force. This is achieved by three ...
... consisting of pH gradient and transmembrane electron potentials. ATP is synthesized when protons flow back into the mitochondria through another enzyme complex. Oxidative phosphorylation consists of two phases. 1. Electron motive force is converted into proton motive force. This is achieved by three ...
Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis notes
... 6. NADPH- the electrons pass through a short electron transport chain. At the end of the chain, the electrons combine with NADP+ and H+ to form NADPH. NADPH is a coenzyme. Since the electrons have a considerable amount of energy left, NADPH is an energy-rich molecule. 7. Photolysis- the electrons th ...
... 6. NADPH- the electrons pass through a short electron transport chain. At the end of the chain, the electrons combine with NADP+ and H+ to form NADPH. NADPH is a coenzyme. Since the electrons have a considerable amount of energy left, NADPH is an energy-rich molecule. 7. Photolysis- the electrons th ...
combne etc citric photo
... Complexes I and II transfer electrons from NADH and succinate, respectively, to UQ. Complex III transfers electrons from UQH2 to cytochrome c. Complex IV transfers electrons from cytochrome c to O2. Complex I, also referred to as the NADH dehydrogenase complex, catalyzes the transfer of electrons fr ...
... Complexes I and II transfer electrons from NADH and succinate, respectively, to UQ. Complex III transfers electrons from UQH2 to cytochrome c. Complex IV transfers electrons from cytochrome c to O2. Complex I, also referred to as the NADH dehydrogenase complex, catalyzes the transfer of electrons fr ...
Cellular Respiration Chapter 9
... The electrons are passed down a chain of proteins until they reach the final electron acceptor…..oxygen! ...
... The electrons are passed down a chain of proteins until they reach the final electron acceptor…..oxygen! ...
Cellular Respiration PPT
... Aerobic Process = Only if oxygen is present!! Occurs in the MATRIX of the mitochondria Pyruvic Acid from Glycolysis enters to form 1 ATP 3 NADH 1 FADH2 CO2 (which is released when we exhale!!) AKA….Citric Acid Cycle ...
... Aerobic Process = Only if oxygen is present!! Occurs in the MATRIX of the mitochondria Pyruvic Acid from Glycolysis enters to form 1 ATP 3 NADH 1 FADH2 CO2 (which is released when we exhale!!) AKA….Citric Acid Cycle ...
Chapter 5
... Energy-Conserving Stage of Glycolysis 2 glucose-3-phosphate oxidized to 2 pyruvic acid 4 ATP produced 2 NADH produced ...
... Energy-Conserving Stage of Glycolysis 2 glucose-3-phosphate oxidized to 2 pyruvic acid 4 ATP produced 2 NADH produced ...
Unit 7
... • In electron transfer chains, molecules accept and give up electrons in an orderly, stepwise manner to control the release of energy. • Oxidation-reduction reactions are simply electron transfers between molecules. The donor molecule loses and electron and is oxidized, then the donor molecule gains ...
... • In electron transfer chains, molecules accept and give up electrons in an orderly, stepwise manner to control the release of energy. • Oxidation-reduction reactions are simply electron transfers between molecules. The donor molecule loses and electron and is oxidized, then the donor molecule gains ...
Mitochondria
... are metabolized in the matrix space. 10. Matrix enzymes include those that metabolise pyruvate and fatty acids to produce acetylCoA, and those that utilise acetylCoA in the Citric Acid Cycle. Principal end products of this oxidation are CO2 which is released from the cell, and NADH, which is the mai ...
... are metabolized in the matrix space. 10. Matrix enzymes include those that metabolise pyruvate and fatty acids to produce acetylCoA, and those that utilise acetylCoA in the Citric Acid Cycle. Principal end products of this oxidation are CO2 which is released from the cell, and NADH, which is the mai ...
Anaerobic Fermentation
... CoA is thereby regenerated and returns to pick up more C from pyruvate 3NAD+ and 1FAD reduced to form NADH and FADH2 To do this, a series of intermediates have all their Hydrogens removed Remaining C and O released as 2CO2 1 ATP is produced Oxaloacetate is reformed Cycle runs one time ...
... CoA is thereby regenerated and returns to pick up more C from pyruvate 3NAD+ and 1FAD reduced to form NADH and FADH2 To do this, a series of intermediates have all their Hydrogens removed Remaining C and O released as 2CO2 1 ATP is produced Oxaloacetate is reformed Cycle runs one time ...
Introductory Microbiology Chap. 5 Outlines Microbial Metabolism I
... or electrical energy because they don't have thermal or electrical converters. Thermal potential (that is, temperature) affects the rate of chemical reactions, but does not provide any energy. What about the electrical signals of nervous impulses? The cells use energy in the form of ATP to generate ...
... or electrical energy because they don't have thermal or electrical converters. Thermal potential (that is, temperature) affects the rate of chemical reactions, but does not provide any energy. What about the electrical signals of nervous impulses? The cells use energy in the form of ATP to generate ...
2-respiration
... • H ions and high-energy electrons are removed by dehydrogenases. • These reduce NAD and FAD to NADH and FADH2. • They are taken to the electron transport chain. ...
... • H ions and high-energy electrons are removed by dehydrogenases. • These reduce NAD and FAD to NADH and FADH2. • They are taken to the electron transport chain. ...
General Biology I Online – Lab Midterm REVIEW
... Each pigment molecule has a characteristic ________ spectrum. How is light measured? In which part of the chloroplasts are the Calvin cycle enzymes located? From which molecule in photosynthesis is the oxygen derived? What is another name for the Calvin cycle? What are the pigments involved in photo ...
... Each pigment molecule has a characteristic ________ spectrum. How is light measured? In which part of the chloroplasts are the Calvin cycle enzymes located? From which molecule in photosynthesis is the oxygen derived? What is another name for the Calvin cycle? What are the pigments involved in photo ...
General Biology I Online – Lecture Midterm REVIEW (2).
... Each pigment molecule has a characteristic ________ spectrum. How is light measured? In which part of the chloroplasts are the Calvin cycle enzymes located? From which molecule in photosynthesis is the oxygen derived? What is another name for the Calvin cycle? What are the pigments involved in photo ...
... Each pigment molecule has a characteristic ________ spectrum. How is light measured? In which part of the chloroplasts are the Calvin cycle enzymes located? From which molecule in photosynthesis is the oxygen derived? What is another name for the Calvin cycle? What are the pigments involved in photo ...
Cellular Respiration - Science with Ms. Wood!
... The difference between fermentation and cellular respiration. The role of glycolysis in oxidizing glucose to two molecules of pyruvate The process that brings pyruvate from the cytosol into the mitochondria and introduces it into the citric acid cycle How the process of chemiosmosis utilizes t ...
... The difference between fermentation and cellular respiration. The role of glycolysis in oxidizing glucose to two molecules of pyruvate The process that brings pyruvate from the cytosol into the mitochondria and introduces it into the citric acid cycle How the process of chemiosmosis utilizes t ...
Cellular Respiration Chapter 9
... Pyruvic Acid from Glycolysis enters to form 1 ATP 3 NADH 1 FADH2 CO2 (which is released when we exhale!!) AKA….Citric Acid Cycle ...
... Pyruvic Acid from Glycolysis enters to form 1 ATP 3 NADH 1 FADH2 CO2 (which is released when we exhale!!) AKA….Citric Acid Cycle ...
Study Guide and Potential Essay Questions for Chapter 25
... hypothermia, Krebs’ cycle (TCA or citric acid cycle), lactic acid (lactate), metabolic rate, metabolic water, metabolism, minerals, mitochondrial matrix and inner membrane, NAD+/NADH + H+, nutrient, oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate-to-acetate step, reduction, substrate level phosphoryl ...
... hypothermia, Krebs’ cycle (TCA or citric acid cycle), lactic acid (lactate), metabolic rate, metabolic water, metabolism, minerals, mitochondrial matrix and inner membrane, NAD+/NADH + H+, nutrient, oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate-to-acetate step, reduction, substrate level phosphoryl ...
Lecture #4 Date
... CoA) and 2 exit (carbon dioxide) • Oxaloacetate is regenerated (the “cycle”) • For each acetyl CoA that enters: – 3 NAD+ reduced to 3 NADH; – 1 FAD reduced to FADH2 – 1 ATP molecule produced ...
... CoA) and 2 exit (carbon dioxide) • Oxaloacetate is regenerated (the “cycle”) • For each acetyl CoA that enters: – 3 NAD+ reduced to 3 NADH; – 1 FAD reduced to FADH2 – 1 ATP molecule produced ...
THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... When electron transport is accompanied by ATP synthesis (Section 6), the two are said to be coupled. Any process that makes the mitochondrial inner membrane leaky to protons stops the proton gradient being set up. When this happens, electron transport still occurs, and O2 is reduced to H2O, but no A ...
... When electron transport is accompanied by ATP synthesis (Section 6), the two are said to be coupled. Any process that makes the mitochondrial inner membrane leaky to protons stops the proton gradient being set up. When this happens, electron transport still occurs, and O2 is reduced to H2O, but no A ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.