- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling
... lead to the loss of other species (May 1973; Dunne et al. 2002; Ives & Carpenter 2007; Neutel et al. 2007)? What determines whether the loss of top predators leads to cascades of secondary extinctions (Scheffer et al. 2005; Borrvall & Ebenman 2006; Otto et al. 2008)? However, in a recent list of 100 ...
... lead to the loss of other species (May 1973; Dunne et al. 2002; Ives & Carpenter 2007; Neutel et al. 2007)? What determines whether the loss of top predators leads to cascades of secondary extinctions (Scheffer et al. 2005; Borrvall & Ebenman 2006; Otto et al. 2008)? However, in a recent list of 100 ...
Stachowicz Annual Reviews - Virginia Institute of Marine Science
... Supplemental Material link from the Annual Reviews home page at http://www. annualreviews.org/) or complexity and various measures of the stability or performance of an ecosystem. Rapid changes in the biological composition and richness of most of Earth’s ecosystems as a result of human activities h ...
... Supplemental Material link from the Annual Reviews home page at http://www. annualreviews.org/) or complexity and various measures of the stability or performance of an ecosystem. Rapid changes in the biological composition and richness of most of Earth’s ecosystems as a result of human activities h ...
Ways organisms interact - Franklin County Public Schools
... A decrease in the prey population means some predators will starve. Fewer predators mean prey population will increase. Increase in prey means more food for predators. Predator population will increase until there is not enough food . . . and the cycle repeats itself. ...
... A decrease in the prey population means some predators will starve. Fewer predators mean prey population will increase. Increase in prey means more food for predators. Predator population will increase until there is not enough food . . . and the cycle repeats itself. ...
Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in angiosperm
... refers to regional diversity (Magurran 2004). Ecosystem functioning is defined as the “activities, processes, or properties of ecosystems that are influenced by its biota” (Naeem et al. 2002) with biota including all living things ranging from specific elements of diversity to the complex web of bio ...
... refers to regional diversity (Magurran 2004). Ecosystem functioning is defined as the “activities, processes, or properties of ecosystems that are influenced by its biota” (Naeem et al. 2002) with biota including all living things ranging from specific elements of diversity to the complex web of bio ...
Rural livelihoods and mangrove degradation in south
... Our findings suggest that mangroves must be managed as part of broader landscape-based approaches. There is now abundant research showing that mangroves are interlinked with other ecosystems in important ways; for example, mangroves act as hatcheries for coral reef and pelagic fish species (Nagelker ...
... Our findings suggest that mangroves must be managed as part of broader landscape-based approaches. There is now abundant research showing that mangroves are interlinked with other ecosystems in important ways; for example, mangroves act as hatcheries for coral reef and pelagic fish species (Nagelker ...
Comparison of snail density, standing stock, and body size between
... represent the size range of snails encountered among all ecosystems (CBR unpublished data). Studies from the literature review and the unpublished datasets generated density and standing stock data at multiple spatial and temporal scales within and between ecosystems. Data reported within ecosystems ...
... represent the size range of snails encountered among all ecosystems (CBR unpublished data). Studies from the literature review and the unpublished datasets generated density and standing stock data at multiple spatial and temporal scales within and between ecosystems. Data reported within ecosystems ...
Declining amphibian populations and possible ecological
... consequences of anuran species loss in a particular environment. Our main emphasis is on the aquatic larval stage, which comprises various functional groups of ecological importance to freshwater systems (e.g. carnivore, herbivore, detritivore, filter-feeding, or suspension-feeding tadpoles; McDiarmi ...
... consequences of anuran species loss in a particular environment. Our main emphasis is on the aquatic larval stage, which comprises various functional groups of ecological importance to freshwater systems (e.g. carnivore, herbivore, detritivore, filter-feeding, or suspension-feeding tadpoles; McDiarmi ...
Across ecosystem comparisons of size structure: methods
... Dept of Animal and Plant Sciences, Alfred Denny Building, Univ. of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK. ...
... Dept of Animal and Plant Sciences, Alfred Denny Building, Univ. of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK. ...
Eutrophication: impacts of excess nutrient inputs on freshwater, V.H. Smith
... Activities on land that generate contaminants, such as logging, wetland conversion, construction and development of land or waterways ...
... Activities on land that generate contaminants, such as logging, wetland conversion, construction and development of land or waterways ...
Environment and Ecology
... concentrations of fossil fuels and mineral resources. • Analyze the effects of management practices on air, land and water in forestry, agriculture, fisheries, wildlife, mining and food and fiber production that is unique to different climates. ...
... concentrations of fossil fuels and mineral resources. • Analyze the effects of management practices on air, land and water in forestry, agriculture, fisheries, wildlife, mining and food and fiber production that is unique to different climates. ...
Ways organisms interact - Franklin County Public Schools
... A decrease in the prey population means some predators will starve. Fewer predators mean prey population will increase. Increase in prey means more food for predators. Predator population will increase until there is not enough food . . . and the cycle repeats itself. ...
... A decrease in the prey population means some predators will starve. Fewer predators mean prey population will increase. Increase in prey means more food for predators. Predator population will increase until there is not enough food . . . and the cycle repeats itself. ...
Trophic Ecology: Bottom-Up and Top
... et al., 2002). Furthermore, dead insects themselves may be more nutrient rich than the leaves they consume (and the litter that would otherwise fall to the forest floor), providing a nutrient-rich energy source for decomposers (Hunter, 2001). Accordingly, forest insect outbreaks have been linked in s ...
... et al., 2002). Furthermore, dead insects themselves may be more nutrient rich than the leaves they consume (and the litter that would otherwise fall to the forest floor), providing a nutrient-rich energy source for decomposers (Hunter, 2001). Accordingly, forest insect outbreaks have been linked in s ...
5.1 Celtic Sea Ecoregion-Ecosystem overview
... Using vessel monitoring system (VMS) and logbook data ICES estimates that mobile bottom trawls used by commercial fisheries in the 12 m+ vessel category have been deployed over approximately 235 000 km2 of the Celtic Sea in 2013, corresponding to ca. 26% of the ecoregion’s spatial extent. This figur ...
... Using vessel monitoring system (VMS) and logbook data ICES estimates that mobile bottom trawls used by commercial fisheries in the 12 m+ vessel category have been deployed over approximately 235 000 km2 of the Celtic Sea in 2013, corresponding to ca. 26% of the ecoregion’s spatial extent. This figur ...
Predicting Changes in Community Composition and Ecosystem
... of scales which, by selecting individuals with appropriate responses, result in assemblages with varying trait composition. Functional linkages and trade-offs among traits, each of which relates to one or several processes, determine whether or not filtering by different factors gives a match, and w ...
... of scales which, by selecting individuals with appropriate responses, result in assemblages with varying trait composition. Functional linkages and trade-offs among traits, each of which relates to one or several processes, determine whether or not filtering by different factors gives a match, and w ...
PEWOceans.Aquaculture Report
... reserves, and they represent the major management tool discussed in this report. Other, less comprehensive levels of protection from extraction—seasonal closures, bans on taking reproductive individuals, and catch limits— are common in U.S. marine habitats. There ...
... reserves, and they represent the major management tool discussed in this report. Other, less comprehensive levels of protection from extraction—seasonal closures, bans on taking reproductive individuals, and catch limits— are common in U.S. marine habitats. There ...
URL - Bay-Delta Live
... Emerging Policy Responses New studies on fish declines and levee risks Emergency funds for levee repairs “Delta Vision” process Bay-Delta Conservation Plan Stakeholders promoting several approaches – Shoring up levees, peripheral canal, reduced water exports PPIC ...
... Emerging Policy Responses New studies on fish declines and levee risks Emergency funds for levee repairs “Delta Vision” process Bay-Delta Conservation Plan Stakeholders promoting several approaches – Shoring up levees, peripheral canal, reduced water exports PPIC ...
Land-use intensification reduces functional redundancy and
... species whose ecological effects are similar, then any given species pool may be classified into Ôfunctional effect groupsÕ, based on the traits which determine these effects (Hooper et al. 2002; Lavorel & Garnier 2002). The degree of redundancy within a functional effect group is the number of spec ...
... species whose ecological effects are similar, then any given species pool may be classified into Ôfunctional effect groupsÕ, based on the traits which determine these effects (Hooper et al. 2002; Lavorel & Garnier 2002). The degree of redundancy within a functional effect group is the number of spec ...
Perspectives on ecosystem-based approaches to the management
... and boundaries of MPAs can be seen as analogous to the imperfect process associated with establishing stock management grids — a process that has never really managed to incorporate the key realities of population dynamics of the exploited species. While there is a growing consensus on the need for ...
... and boundaries of MPAs can be seen as analogous to the imperfect process associated with establishing stock management grids — a process that has never really managed to incorporate the key realities of population dynamics of the exploited species. While there is a growing consensus on the need for ...
How life-history traits affect ecosystem properties: effects of dispersal
... variability and evolution has allowed us to understand how species adapt in response to their environment. The same traits are also involved in how species alter ecosystems and shape their dynamics and functioning. Some theories, such as the metabolic theory of ecology, ecological stoichiometry or p ...
... variability and evolution has allowed us to understand how species adapt in response to their environment. The same traits are also involved in how species alter ecosystems and shape their dynamics and functioning. Some theories, such as the metabolic theory of ecology, ecological stoichiometry or p ...
Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity Sweden
... 1.2 Major changes in the status and trends of biodiversity in Sweden There are as many ways to describe changes in the status and trends of biodiversity as there are kinds of biodiversity components. In this section two aspects of biodiversity are dealt with, based on two recent evaluations performe ...
... 1.2 Major changes in the status and trends of biodiversity in Sweden There are as many ways to describe changes in the status and trends of biodiversity as there are kinds of biodiversity components. In this section two aspects of biodiversity are dealt with, based on two recent evaluations performe ...
Approximating Nature`s Variation: Selecting and Using Reference
... extant natural area, or the historical conditions no longer apply. Selecting and using extant reference sites is basic to restoration ecology, but it is only part of the larger problem of using a wide range of historical and contemporary information, including information collected on the site to be ...
... extant natural area, or the historical conditions no longer apply. Selecting and using extant reference sites is basic to restoration ecology, but it is only part of the larger problem of using a wide range of historical and contemporary information, including information collected on the site to be ...
A general equilibrium model for Atlantic herring
... approach to fisheries management has increased rapidly on a global basis, with various nations initiating their own research programme and agenda relative to some semblance of ecosystem management (FAO, 2003). For the most part, the emphasis has been on biological research and better understanding o ...
... approach to fisheries management has increased rapidly on a global basis, with various nations initiating their own research programme and agenda relative to some semblance of ecosystem management (FAO, 2003). For the most part, the emphasis has been on biological research and better understanding o ...
the sustainable development of aquaculture
... these feeds, large volumes of natural raw materials are needed. This is the most difficult issue regarding sustainability. As for capture of the wild fishes for aquaculture purposes, the growing importance of aquaculture production should not increase the pressure already exercised b ...
... these feeds, large volumes of natural raw materials are needed. This is the most difficult issue regarding sustainability. As for capture of the wild fishes for aquaculture purposes, the growing importance of aquaculture production should not increase the pressure already exercised b ...
Integrating ecosystem engineering and food webs
... resource at one value and a condition at another (e.g. water as a resource vs flooding stress). Many engineers affect communities via more than one pathway. For example, trees provide habitat structure, a non-trophic resource; change abiotic conditions such as temperature and humidity; and reduce li ...
... resource at one value and a condition at another (e.g. water as a resource vs flooding stress). Many engineers affect communities via more than one pathway. For example, trees provide habitat structure, a non-trophic resource; change abiotic conditions such as temperature and humidity; and reduce li ...
Ecosystem services
Humankind benefits in a multitude of ways from ecosystems. Collectively, these benefits are becoming known as ecosystem services. Ecosystem services are regularly involved in the provisioning of clean drinking water and the decomposition of wastes. While scientists and environmentalists have discussed ecosystem services implicitly for decades, the ecosystem services concept itself was popularized by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) in the early 2000s. This grouped ecosystem services into four broad categories: provisioning, such as the production of food and water; regulating, such as the control of climate and disease; supporting, such as nutrient cycles and crop pollination; and cultural, such as spiritual and recreational benefits. To help inform decision-makers, many ecosystem services are being assigned economic values.