Full Text - Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve
... of how many functions were measured (Fig. 2 and Supplementary Fig. 1). In the case of 12 functions—the maximum number from any study and arguably the most realistic approximation of a multifunctional ecosystem in our data set—single species were unable to sustain all functions at even a 1% threshold ...
... of how many functions were measured (Fig. 2 and Supplementary Fig. 1). In the case of 12 functions—the maximum number from any study and arguably the most realistic approximation of a multifunctional ecosystem in our data set—single species were unable to sustain all functions at even a 1% threshold ...
Structure and Function of Chihuahuan Desert
... Five species of anurans inhabit several areas of the Jornada Basin around ephemeral lakes. Estimated densities of adult anurans (based on mark and recapture) at a playa lake were: western spadefoot (Scaphiopus hammondi), 238/ha; Plains spadefoot (Scaphiopus bombifrons), 206.3/ha; Couch’s spadefoot ( ...
... Five species of anurans inhabit several areas of the Jornada Basin around ephemeral lakes. Estimated densities of adult anurans (based on mark and recapture) at a playa lake were: western spadefoot (Scaphiopus hammondi), 238/ha; Plains spadefoot (Scaphiopus bombifrons), 206.3/ha; Couch’s spadefoot ( ...
Application of a predator–prey overlap metric to determine the
... (Alldredge et al., 2002) and can have impacts on higher trophic levels by increasing the probability of prey encounter for predators, such gelatinous zooplankton, and larval/adult fish aggregating near or inside the layer (Clay et al., 2004; Greer et al., 2013, 2014; Benoit-Bird and McManus, 2014). ...
... (Alldredge et al., 2002) and can have impacts on higher trophic levels by increasing the probability of prey encounter for predators, such gelatinous zooplankton, and larval/adult fish aggregating near or inside the layer (Clay et al., 2004; Greer et al., 2013, 2014; Benoit-Bird and McManus, 2014). ...
climate change effects on species composition mediates
... ecosystem processes [e.g., 1, 3]. These factors, however, will not occur independently and are likely to alter ecosystem processes differently, perhaps mediating some of the effects [10]. This project investigated how climate change drivers (elevated CO2 and temperature) and their interactions effected ...
... ecosystem processes [e.g., 1, 3]. These factors, however, will not occur independently and are likely to alter ecosystem processes differently, perhaps mediating some of the effects [10]. This project investigated how climate change drivers (elevated CO2 and temperature) and their interactions effected ...
(2007). Targets for ecosystem repair in riparian ecosystems
... “restoration”, defined as a reconstruction of a prior ecosystem including the reestablishment of former functions and characteristic structure, communities and species; and “rehabilitation”, defined as the reintroduction of certain ecosystem functions, such as improving water infiltration or erosion ...
... “restoration”, defined as a reconstruction of a prior ecosystem including the reestablishment of former functions and characteristic structure, communities and species; and “rehabilitation”, defined as the reintroduction of certain ecosystem functions, such as improving water infiltration or erosion ...
Migratory Animals Couple Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning
... traveled, together with their seasonality, which generate pulsed, highly predictable interactions, critically differentiate migration from other types of movement. Moreover, by integrating resource peaks or avoiding periods of heightened mortality risk over time and space, migrants may sustain consi ...
... traveled, together with their seasonality, which generate pulsed, highly predictable interactions, critically differentiate migration from other types of movement. Moreover, by integrating resource peaks or avoiding periods of heightened mortality risk over time and space, migrants may sustain consi ...
Insect population dynamics meets ecosystem ecology: effects of
... wound-induced increases in foliar phenolics (Findlay et al., 1996), root mortality (Ruess et al., 1998) and community-wide changes in the relative abundance of plant species or genotypes that vary in their litter quality (Pastor et al., 1993; Kielland et al., 1997; Uriarte, 2000). Fifth, herbivore-m ...
... wound-induced increases in foliar phenolics (Findlay et al., 1996), root mortality (Ruess et al., 1998) and community-wide changes in the relative abundance of plant species or genotypes that vary in their litter quality (Pastor et al., 1993; Kielland et al., 1997; Uriarte, 2000). Fifth, herbivore-m ...
The ecosystem approach to fisheries
... for Responsible Fisheries is particularly important in this respect and contains provisions for practically all aspects of the approach. One major difficulty in defining EAF lies precisely in turning the available concepts and principles into operational objectives from which an EAF management plan ...
... for Responsible Fisheries is particularly important in this respect and contains provisions for practically all aspects of the approach. One major difficulty in defining EAF lies precisely in turning the available concepts and principles into operational objectives from which an EAF management plan ...
DESIGNING MARINE PROTECTED AREA NETWORKS TO
... One of the primary strategies being used almost everywhere to serve the needs of marine conservation and marine resource management is the design and implementation of marine protected area networks. But networks of marine protected areas will not be effective unless they can combine the multiple ob ...
... One of the primary strategies being used almost everywhere to serve the needs of marine conservation and marine resource management is the design and implementation of marine protected area networks. But networks of marine protected areas will not be effective unless they can combine the multiple ob ...
Diapositiva 1 - ICM-CSIC
... into a more adaptive and strategic one, in line with recommendations of GFCM Ecological modeling is nourished by conventional assessment methods, information that we already have and we organize into an ecosystem context We need: to continue collecting this essential information to increase it: some ...
... into a more adaptive and strategic one, in line with recommendations of GFCM Ecological modeling is nourished by conventional assessment methods, information that we already have and we organize into an ecosystem context We need: to continue collecting this essential information to increase it: some ...
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships
... • Biotic factors are living things. – plants – animals – fungi – bacteria ...
... • Biotic factors are living things. – plants – animals – fungi – bacteria ...
Final Report - European Commission
... How is the provision, regulation, and purification of fresh water affected by changes in wild nature?.......................................................................... 124 ...
... How is the provision, regulation, and purification of fresh water affected by changes in wild nature?.......................................................................... 124 ...
Lesson Overview
... Experiments can be used to test hypotheses. An ecologist may set up an artificial environment in a laboratory or greenhouse, or carefully alter conditions in selected parts of natural ecosystems. ...
... Experiments can be used to test hypotheses. An ecologist may set up an artificial environment in a laboratory or greenhouse, or carefully alter conditions in selected parts of natural ecosystems. ...
Alternative states and positive feedbacks in restoration ecology
... degraded systems probably will rarely meet the stability criterion that is central to this theory (Box 2) because most communities are continually subjected to new invasion and species turnover. However, experimentation and monitoring of the responses to management can provide evidence as to whether ...
... degraded systems probably will rarely meet the stability criterion that is central to this theory (Box 2) because most communities are continually subjected to new invasion and species turnover. However, experimentation and monitoring of the responses to management can provide evidence as to whether ...
DDT Persuasive Essay - APES -
... DDT causes damage to the environment and people by creating fluctuation in the ecosystem. The aforementioned dilemma with the dying lizards cause a decrease in diversity which hinders population control. The caterpillars thrived and chewed on roof’s pillar which made them collapse, thus displacing t ...
... DDT causes damage to the environment and people by creating fluctuation in the ecosystem. The aforementioned dilemma with the dying lizards cause a decrease in diversity which hinders population control. The caterpillars thrived and chewed on roof’s pillar which made them collapse, thus displacing t ...
Economic Valuation of Ecosystem Services Provided by Oyster Reefs
... the economic values of ecosystem services provides guidance about when oyster reef restoration is a good use of funds. Keywords: ecosystem services, ecosystem management, oyster reef habitat, valuation ...
... the economic values of ecosystem services provides guidance about when oyster reef restoration is a good use of funds. Keywords: ecosystem services, ecosystem management, oyster reef habitat, valuation ...
The Role of Whales in Marine Ecosystems
... Whales as Consumers “The combination of great abundance, large body size, and endothermic metabolic demands make odontocete and mysticete whales some of the most voracious consumers in the oceans. As such, they have the potential to place extraordinary pressures on marine resources.” (Williams 2006 ...
... Whales as Consumers “The combination of great abundance, large body size, and endothermic metabolic demands make odontocete and mysticete whales some of the most voracious consumers in the oceans. As such, they have the potential to place extraordinary pressures on marine resources.” (Williams 2006 ...
- Wiley Online Library
... 1. Top-down control can be an important determinant of ecosystem structure and function, but in oceanic ecosystems, where cascading effects of predator depletions, recoveries, and invasions could be significant, such effects had rarely been demonstrated until recently. 2. Here we synthesize the evid ...
... 1. Top-down control can be an important determinant of ecosystem structure and function, but in oceanic ecosystems, where cascading effects of predator depletions, recoveries, and invasions could be significant, such effects had rarely been demonstrated until recently. 2. Here we synthesize the evid ...
Cascading top-down effects of changing oceanic predator
... 1. Top-down control can be an important determinant of ecosystem structure and function, but in oceanic ecosystems, where cascading effects of predator depletions, recoveries, and invasions could be significant, such effects had rarely been demonstrated until recently. 2. Here we synthesize the evid ...
... 1. Top-down control can be an important determinant of ecosystem structure and function, but in oceanic ecosystems, where cascading effects of predator depletions, recoveries, and invasions could be significant, such effects had rarely been demonstrated until recently. 2. Here we synthesize the evid ...
Ecological Restoration of Degraded Wetlands in China
... to avoid secondary damage or pollution by over-simplified physical and chemistry methods. (3) Restoration of water resources protection. Although the water resource in China ranks the sixth in the world, the per capita is only 1/4 of the world and is in severe shortage. Socio-economic developments a ...
... to avoid secondary damage or pollution by over-simplified physical and chemistry methods. (3) Restoration of water resources protection. Although the water resource in China ranks the sixth in the world, the per capita is only 1/4 of the world and is in severe shortage. Socio-economic developments a ...
what shapes an ecosystem?
... If resources are scarce, some organisms will starve and populations will decrease. If resources become more plentiful, populations will increase. Competition in nature often results in a winner and a loser . . . with the loser failing to survive! ...
... If resources are scarce, some organisms will starve and populations will decrease. If resources become more plentiful, populations will increase. Competition in nature often results in a winner and a loser . . . with the loser failing to survive! ...
Climate Change Risk Assessment Comment
... All climate envelope modelling suggests more species will be negatively affected than will be positively affected in terms of available climate space. This does not take into account availability of habitat etc, therefore this is clearly a negative impact. The modelling studies are filled with c ...
... All climate envelope modelling suggests more species will be negatively affected than will be positively affected in terms of available climate space. This does not take into account availability of habitat etc, therefore this is clearly a negative impact. The modelling studies are filled with c ...
The roles of productivity and ecosystem size in determining food
... vegetation surveys, and (3) targeted surveys of abundance of Dysmicoccus sp. and Phisis holdhausi, two particularly abundant and easily surveyed insects in the system (sampling details for all methods in Appendix C). We focused on arthropods as they make up the vast majority of free-living terrestri ...
... vegetation surveys, and (3) targeted surveys of abundance of Dysmicoccus sp. and Phisis holdhausi, two particularly abundant and easily surveyed insects in the system (sampling details for all methods in Appendix C). We focused on arthropods as they make up the vast majority of free-living terrestri ...
Parallel ecological networks in ecosystems Olff, Han
... included for a particular species). However, in such species-centred research, the operation of the key indirect effects among species that characterize ecological networks are probably missed. Inclusion of nontrophic interactions broadens food web studies to the analysis of interaction webs. ...
... included for a particular species). However, in such species-centred research, the operation of the key indirect effects among species that characterize ecological networks are probably missed. Inclusion of nontrophic interactions broadens food web studies to the analysis of interaction webs. ...
Parallel ecological networks in ecosystems
... lead to the loss of other species (May 1973; Dunne et al. 2002; Ives & Carpenter 2007; Neutel et al. 2007)? What determines whether the loss of top predators leads to cascades of secondary extinctions (Scheffer et al. 2005; Borrvall & Ebenman 2006; Otto et al. 2008)? However, in a recent list of 100 ...
... lead to the loss of other species (May 1973; Dunne et al. 2002; Ives & Carpenter 2007; Neutel et al. 2007)? What determines whether the loss of top predators leads to cascades of secondary extinctions (Scheffer et al. 2005; Borrvall & Ebenman 2006; Otto et al. 2008)? However, in a recent list of 100 ...
Ecosystem services
Humankind benefits in a multitude of ways from ecosystems. Collectively, these benefits are becoming known as ecosystem services. Ecosystem services are regularly involved in the provisioning of clean drinking water and the decomposition of wastes. While scientists and environmentalists have discussed ecosystem services implicitly for decades, the ecosystem services concept itself was popularized by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) in the early 2000s. This grouped ecosystem services into four broad categories: provisioning, such as the production of food and water; regulating, such as the control of climate and disease; supporting, such as nutrient cycles and crop pollination; and cultural, such as spiritual and recreational benefits. To help inform decision-makers, many ecosystem services are being assigned economic values.