The Harm They Inflict When Values Conflict: Why Diversity Does not
... intervention would reduce diversity. There are processes in nature that involve suffering at least, and harm, death and misery, at most. The natural processes that affect animals in the wild are often of the latter kind. Most animals that live in the wild die of thirst and starvation. Natural disast ...
... intervention would reduce diversity. There are processes in nature that involve suffering at least, and harm, death and misery, at most. The natural processes that affect animals in the wild are often of the latter kind. Most animals that live in the wild die of thirst and starvation. Natural disast ...
Introduction to Landscape Ecology
... Perturbation at one scale may be equilibrium at a larger scale. Notion of natural range of variation and application as a guide for management ...
... Perturbation at one scale may be equilibrium at a larger scale. Notion of natural range of variation and application as a guide for management ...
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
... Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Biological diversity, or biodiversity as it is commonly known, “includes all plants, animals, microorganisms, the ecosystems of which they are a part, and the diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems.”a Biodiversity gives us life, and underlies ...
... Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Biological diversity, or biodiversity as it is commonly known, “includes all plants, animals, microorganisms, the ecosystems of which they are a part, and the diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems.”a Biodiversity gives us life, and underlies ...
Document
... provide services to other species, for example, through the provision of habitat or by their contribution ...
... provide services to other species, for example, through the provision of habitat or by their contribution ...
Consumer trophic diversity as a fundamental mechanism linking
... 1. Primary production and decomposition, two fundamental processes determining the functioning of ecosystems, may be sensitive to changes in biodiversity and food web interactions. 2. The impacts of food web interactions on ecosystem functioning are generally quantified by experimentally decoupling t ...
... 1. Primary production and decomposition, two fundamental processes determining the functioning of ecosystems, may be sensitive to changes in biodiversity and food web interactions. 2. The impacts of food web interactions on ecosystem functioning are generally quantified by experimentally decoupling t ...
Ecosystem-based management of coral reefs and interconnected
... linked to mangrove forests and seagrass beds, in terms of both facing common threats and supporting common species. These interconnected ecosystems provide a wide range of goods and services to human communities, often in otherwise impoverished areas. Indeed, developing nations are disproportionatel ...
... linked to mangrove forests and seagrass beds, in terms of both facing common threats and supporting common species. These interconnected ecosystems provide a wide range of goods and services to human communities, often in otherwise impoverished areas. Indeed, developing nations are disproportionatel ...
Israel`s Fifth National Report to the United Nations Convention on
... The main findings on biodiversity status are that the state of the coral reefs in Gulf of Eilat has improved in terms of cover, but recruitment is still low. For terrestrial ecosystems, a new National Biodiversity Monitoring Program has been established, which for now shows mostly baseline data and ...
... The main findings on biodiversity status are that the state of the coral reefs in Gulf of Eilat has improved in terms of cover, but recruitment is still low. For terrestrial ecosystems, a new National Biodiversity Monitoring Program has been established, which for now shows mostly baseline data and ...
Assessment of environmental management effects in a shallow
... the main bird migratory routes between Europe, Asia and Africa, and a variety of species winter there in large numbers (Baccetti and Corbi, 1988). Cormorants play a central role at Orbetello in the regulation of the marketable finfish biomass present in the ecosystem ...
... the main bird migratory routes between Europe, Asia and Africa, and a variety of species winter there in large numbers (Baccetti and Corbi, 1988). Cormorants play a central role at Orbetello in the regulation of the marketable finfish biomass present in the ecosystem ...
squid - Wild Oceans
... ish and marine mammals aren’t the only animals that feed on squid, as humans have developed hefty appetites for calamari and fishermen also commonly use squid as bait to catch other fish. Fishermen catch squid either by towing large trawls that scoop up schools off the ocean bottom, or by “jigging” ...
... ish and marine mammals aren’t the only animals that feed on squid, as humans have developed hefty appetites for calamari and fishermen also commonly use squid as bait to catch other fish. Fishermen catch squid either by towing large trawls that scoop up schools off the ocean bottom, or by “jigging” ...
The Economic and Social Aspects of Biodiversity Benefits and Costs
... example of earthworms as a keystone species. Biodiversity is also essential to the pollination on which a wide range of crops, including forage plants, depend. It is also vital to pest control, without which productivity losses would be far greater. Each of these services is threatened to one extent ...
... example of earthworms as a keystone species. Biodiversity is also essential to the pollination on which a wide range of crops, including forage plants, depend. It is also vital to pest control, without which productivity losses would be far greater. Each of these services is threatened to one extent ...
Ecosystem Services: From Biodiversity to Society, Part 1
... Ecosystem services (ES) are the natural functions and processes of ecosystems which are of value to humans. By definition, therefore, ES are an anthropocentric concept: humans are the focus of ES (Fig. 1). This means that it is essential to acknowledge the social, economic and ecological systems wit ...
... Ecosystem services (ES) are the natural functions and processes of ecosystems which are of value to humans. By definition, therefore, ES are an anthropocentric concept: humans are the focus of ES (Fig. 1). This means that it is essential to acknowledge the social, economic and ecological systems wit ...
Ecological subsystems via graph theory: the role of
... are obtained. Topological sorting identifies preferential directions for energy to flow from sources to sinks, while recycling remains confined within each SCC. Resolving food web networks for SCC highlights the possibility that compartments can be found in ecosystems, but this does not seem a gener ...
... are obtained. Topological sorting identifies preferential directions for energy to flow from sources to sinks, while recycling remains confined within each SCC. Resolving food web networks for SCC highlights the possibility that compartments can be found in ecosystems, but this does not seem a gener ...
ECOLOGICAL MODELING OF AMERICAN LOBSTER (Homarus
... community structure of the GOM American lobster ecosystem for the mid-1 980s and mid-1990s. I also simulated ecosystem dynamics in the GOM from 1985 to 1997 using Ecosim, evaluated the interactions of population dynamics of Atlantic cod and American lobster, and predicted the possible response of t ...
... community structure of the GOM American lobster ecosystem for the mid-1 980s and mid-1990s. I also simulated ecosystem dynamics in the GOM from 1985 to 1997 using Ecosim, evaluated the interactions of population dynamics of Atlantic cod and American lobster, and predicted the possible response of t ...
Ecosystem services provided by bats
... referred to as ecosystem services 2,3 and have been duly recognized by the United Nations Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.4,5 Ecosystem services vary depending on the ecosystems and the organisms that they constitute. In this paper, we consider the role of bats in providing ecosystem services, focus ...
... referred to as ecosystem services 2,3 and have been duly recognized by the United Nations Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.4,5 Ecosystem services vary depending on the ecosystems and the organisms that they constitute. In this paper, we consider the role of bats in providing ecosystem services, focus ...
Delivering Biodiversity Gain: Experience and Practicalities Dr Julia
... Example: flood alleviation scheme ...
... Example: flood alleviation scheme ...
Scientist and Stakeholder Views on the Delta Ecosystem
... and the greater watershed—are jointly responsible for the undesirable changes to the Delta ecosystem (National Research Council 2012; Delta Independent Science Board 2011). This recognition is reflected in the two most recent, high-profile efforts toward greater coordination of Delta ecosystem manag ...
... and the greater watershed—are jointly responsible for the undesirable changes to the Delta ecosystem (National Research Council 2012; Delta Independent Science Board 2011). This recognition is reflected in the two most recent, high-profile efforts toward greater coordination of Delta ecosystem manag ...
Disturbance, Scale, and Boundary in Wilderness
... second, we must often apply human management to ecosystems where we ultimately want minimal human influence (White and Bratton 1980). Natural disturbances are among the most important sources of ecosystem change. If our goal in wilderness management is to promote such natural processes, we must unde ...
... second, we must often apply human management to ecosystems where we ultimately want minimal human influence (White and Bratton 1980). Natural disturbances are among the most important sources of ecosystem change. If our goal in wilderness management is to promote such natural processes, we must unde ...
7th gd Ecosystems And Biomes
... through three main processes: The Water Cycle—the process by which water moves from the Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back. The Carbon/Oxygen Cycle—carbon dioxide and oxygen are recycled through processes that are linked together by producers and consumers. The Nitrogen Cycle—nitrogen cycles ...
... through three main processes: The Water Cycle—the process by which water moves from the Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back. The Carbon/Oxygen Cycle—carbon dioxide and oxygen are recycled through processes that are linked together by producers and consumers. The Nitrogen Cycle—nitrogen cycles ...
Guidance Notes
... risks and impacts identification process. General client requirements for this process are provided in paragraphs 7–12 of Performance Standard 1, and accompanying guidance is provided in paragraphs GN15–GN28 of Guidance Note 1. The risks and impacts identification process should include scoping of p ...
... risks and impacts identification process. General client requirements for this process are provided in paragraphs 7–12 of Performance Standard 1, and accompanying guidance is provided in paragraphs GN15–GN28 of Guidance Note 1. The risks and impacts identification process should include scoping of p ...
Wetlands 2 Student - Shuswap Watershed Project
... shallow water and moist soil zones. Cattail and bulrush are the two most common emergents associated with marshes though many other species may be present, depending upon local soil and water conditions. A variety of submergent vegetation species is also common to marshes. Freshwater marsh plant com ...
... shallow water and moist soil zones. Cattail and bulrush are the two most common emergents associated with marshes though many other species may be present, depending upon local soil and water conditions. A variety of submergent vegetation species is also common to marshes. Freshwater marsh plant com ...
Spatial Self-Organization of Ecosystems: Integrating Multiple
... natural systems and convey important information about those systems’ structure and function. Accordingly, pattern formation has long been a focus of research in nearly every field of biology, at levels of organization ranging from cells (161) and organisms (82, 111) to entire landscapes (46, 81, 12 ...
... natural systems and convey important information about those systems’ structure and function. Accordingly, pattern formation has long been a focus of research in nearly every field of biology, at levels of organization ranging from cells (161) and organisms (82, 111) to entire landscapes (46, 81, 12 ...
Migratory Fishes as Material and Process Subsidies in Riverine Ecosystems
... organisms can be considered subsidies in the context of transporters of energy and materials, they also can act as subsidies by modulating ecosystem processes via their behavior. Streams are particularly appropriate systems for studying ecosystem subsidies due to their unidirectional flows, the juxt ...
... organisms can be considered subsidies in the context of transporters of energy and materials, they also can act as subsidies by modulating ecosystem processes via their behavior. Streams are particularly appropriate systems for studying ecosystem subsidies due to their unidirectional flows, the juxt ...
Journal of Animal Ecology 82(6) - Seagrass Ecosystems Research
... remains unclear whether these megagrazer impacts are representative of ecosystem and nutrient dynamics under natural conditions (e.g. Heck & Valentine 2006, 2007) since most studies have occurred in disrupted communities (Jackson 1997; Heck & Valentine 2007). Jackson et al. (2001) suggested that sea ...
... remains unclear whether these megagrazer impacts are representative of ecosystem and nutrient dynamics under natural conditions (e.g. Heck & Valentine 2006, 2007) since most studies have occurred in disrupted communities (Jackson 1997; Heck & Valentine 2007). Jackson et al. (2001) suggested that sea ...
An overview of studies on trophic ecology in the
... Classical approaches to trophic ecology of marine species has focused on trophic structure, trophodynamics, dominant and keystone species, ecosystem maturity, energy transfer, and anthropic effects. A recent breakthrough for evaluating the structure of communities has been the application of phyloge ...
... Classical approaches to trophic ecology of marine species has focused on trophic structure, trophodynamics, dominant and keystone species, ecosystem maturity, energy transfer, and anthropic effects. A recent breakthrough for evaluating the structure of communities has been the application of phyloge ...
Construction and validation of food webs using logic
... The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA, 2005) considered the services provided by nature as humanity’s ‘life-support system’. It concluded that human activity is having a significant and escalating impact on the biodiversity of world ecosystems, reducing both their long-term resilience and product ...
... The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA, 2005) considered the services provided by nature as humanity’s ‘life-support system’. It concluded that human activity is having a significant and escalating impact on the biodiversity of world ecosystems, reducing both their long-term resilience and product ...
Ecosystem services
Humankind benefits in a multitude of ways from ecosystems. Collectively, these benefits are becoming known as ecosystem services. Ecosystem services are regularly involved in the provisioning of clean drinking water and the decomposition of wastes. While scientists and environmentalists have discussed ecosystem services implicitly for decades, the ecosystem services concept itself was popularized by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) in the early 2000s. This grouped ecosystem services into four broad categories: provisioning, such as the production of food and water; regulating, such as the control of climate and disease; supporting, such as nutrient cycles and crop pollination; and cultural, such as spiritual and recreational benefits. To help inform decision-makers, many ecosystem services are being assigned economic values.