Formins: Linking Cytoskeleton and Endomembranes in Plant Cells
... especially among proteins that can associate with membranes on one hand and bind to microfilaments, microtubules, or even both cytoskeletal systems, on the other. Formins, or FH2 proteins, are an example of such a protein family. In this review we summarize the observations from both opisthokont (fu ...
... especially among proteins that can associate with membranes on one hand and bind to microfilaments, microtubules, or even both cytoskeletal systems, on the other. Formins, or FH2 proteins, are an example of such a protein family. In this review we summarize the observations from both opisthokont (fu ...
Loss of Growth Factor Dependence and Conversion of Transforming
... PDGF, EGF, and TGF-/3i on the growth of metastatic fibrosarcomas in monolayer culture. This is the first demonstration of a correlation between the metastatic properties of cells and a reduced dependence on serum for cell proliferation. This decreased requirement for serum was also reflected in the ...
... PDGF, EGF, and TGF-/3i on the growth of metastatic fibrosarcomas in monolayer culture. This is the first demonstration of a correlation between the metastatic properties of cells and a reduced dependence on serum for cell proliferation. This decreased requirement for serum was also reflected in the ...
Presentation
... receptor-mediated endocytosis. Lipids are packaged by the liver into lipoproteins—secrete to bloodstream. Liver must take up low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) for recycling. The LDLs bind to specific receptor proteins. ...
... receptor-mediated endocytosis. Lipids are packaged by the liver into lipoproteins—secrete to bloodstream. Liver must take up low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) for recycling. The LDLs bind to specific receptor proteins. ...
Dehydroascorbate Uptake Activity Correlates with
... the protoplasts (Fig. 2A), achieved by loading the cells before protoplast isolation, did not change the DHA uptake rate of the protoplasts in 4- or 7-d-old cells (Fig. 2, B and C). Therefore, the difference in the rate of DHA uptake is not dependent on the internal ASC concentration. However, this ...
... the protoplasts (Fig. 2A), achieved by loading the cells before protoplast isolation, did not change the DHA uptake rate of the protoplasts in 4- or 7-d-old cells (Fig. 2, B and C). Therefore, the difference in the rate of DHA uptake is not dependent on the internal ASC concentration. However, this ...
Chromosome Organization and Dynamics during Interphase, Mitosis
... of chromosome territories was proposed by Carl Rabl in 1885, based on his observation of salamander cell division. Existence of chromosome territories was confirmed in the 1980s in human cells using FISH with chromosome-specific DNA probes (Manuelidis and Borden, 1988). Chromosome territories in pla ...
... of chromosome territories was proposed by Carl Rabl in 1885, based on his observation of salamander cell division. Existence of chromosome territories was confirmed in the 1980s in human cells using FISH with chromosome-specific DNA probes (Manuelidis and Borden, 1988). Chromosome territories in pla ...
Figure 5. Lineage relationship between memory T cell subsets.
... Long term persistence of memory T cells is in the form of TCM . Figure 5. Lineage relationship between memory T cell subsets. (c) Purified TCM and TEM cells were TEM do not seem to be a permanent population, but rather convert to TCM and in so doing acquire the ability CFSE-labeled and transferred i ...
... Long term persistence of memory T cells is in the form of TCM . Figure 5. Lineage relationship between memory T cell subsets. (c) Purified TCM and TEM cells were TEM do not seem to be a permanent population, but rather convert to TCM and in so doing acquire the ability CFSE-labeled and transferred i ...
Cytoplasmic calcium measurements in intact higher plant cells
... The distribution and concentration of Ca2+ was estimated from the ratio of fura-2 fluorescence excited at 350 and 385 nm and from digital image analysis. Resting levels of calcium in the cytoplasm near the tip were in the range 30-90 nM, while much higher levels, which eventually saturated the fura- ...
... The distribution and concentration of Ca2+ was estimated from the ratio of fura-2 fluorescence excited at 350 and 385 nm and from digital image analysis. Resting levels of calcium in the cytoplasm near the tip were in the range 30-90 nM, while much higher levels, which eventually saturated the fura- ...
The VirE3 protein of Agrobacterium mimics a host cell function
... T-complex by interacting with one of its bacterial protein components, VirD2 or VirE2. To test this idea, we utilized the Y2H system to examine possible interactions between VirE3 and VirD2 and VirE2. Figure 3A shows that yeast cells expressing VirE3 and VirE2 exhibited strong growth in the absence ...
... T-complex by interacting with one of its bacterial protein components, VirD2 or VirE2. To test this idea, we utilized the Y2H system to examine possible interactions between VirE3 and VirD2 and VirE2. Figure 3A shows that yeast cells expressing VirE3 and VirE2 exhibited strong growth in the absence ...
Precision Optogenetic Tool for Selective Single- and Multiple
... species. We apply miniSOG2 to a far more complex model animal system, Drosophila melanogaster, and demonstrate that it can be used to kill a single neuron in a Drosophila larva. In addition, miniSOG2 is able to photoablate a small group of cells in one of the larval wing imaginal discs, resulting in ...
... species. We apply miniSOG2 to a far more complex model animal system, Drosophila melanogaster, and demonstrate that it can be used to kill a single neuron in a Drosophila larva. In addition, miniSOG2 is able to photoablate a small group of cells in one of the larval wing imaginal discs, resulting in ...
Archaebacteria These unusual bacteria are genealogically neither
... arly natural philosophers held that life on the earth is fundamentally dichotomous: all living things are either animals or plants. When microor ganisms were discovered, they were di vided in the same way. The large and motile ones were considered to be ani mals and the ones that appeared not to ...
... arly natural philosophers held that life on the earth is fundamentally dichotomous: all living things are either animals or plants. When microor ganisms were discovered, they were di vided in the same way. The large and motile ones were considered to be ani mals and the ones that appeared not to ...
Cytoskeleton remodelling of confluent epithelial cells cultured on
... dish [1]. Cells are capable of sensing the underlying substrate and respond to variations in elasticity or topography as first shown by Pelham & Wang [2]. Since then, many studies have shown an influence of substrate rigidity on cellular migration, proliferation, cell stiffness and even differentiat ...
... dish [1]. Cells are capable of sensing the underlying substrate and respond to variations in elasticity or topography as first shown by Pelham & Wang [2]. Since then, many studies have shown an influence of substrate rigidity on cellular migration, proliferation, cell stiffness and even differentiat ...
Isolation and characterization of a marine magnetotactic spirillum
... gene sequence of QH-2 showed high identity with that of MMS-1, they might not belong to the same species. In fact, even with 97.7% identity in their 16S rRNA sequences, the freshwater magnetospirillum strains AMB-1 (from Japan) and WM-1 (from China) actually belong to different species (Li et al., 2 ...
... gene sequence of QH-2 showed high identity with that of MMS-1, they might not belong to the same species. In fact, even with 97.7% identity in their 16S rRNA sequences, the freshwater magnetospirillum strains AMB-1 (from Japan) and WM-1 (from China) actually belong to different species (Li et al., 2 ...
chapter2 467..477 - Caister Academic Press
... Discovery of Bdellovibrio and Other Prokaryotic Predators In the early 1960s, during a search for bacteriophages of plant pathogenic bacteria, Stolp and coworkers found a most unusual organism (Stolp and Starr, 1963). The double layer plates that revealed the expected bacteriophage plaques after ove ...
... Discovery of Bdellovibrio and Other Prokaryotic Predators In the early 1960s, during a search for bacteriophages of plant pathogenic bacteria, Stolp and coworkers found a most unusual organism (Stolp and Starr, 1963). The double layer plates that revealed the expected bacteriophage plaques after ove ...
Cell Division – Revision Pack (B3)
... STEP 1: The egg cell from one sheep (sheep A) is removed STEP 2: A cell was taken from the udder of another sheep (sheep B) STEP 3: The nucleus from sheep B is put into the egg of sheep A STEP 4: This embryo is then given an electric shock to encourage it to divide STEP 5: The embryo is then implant ...
... STEP 1: The egg cell from one sheep (sheep A) is removed STEP 2: A cell was taken from the udder of another sheep (sheep B) STEP 3: The nucleus from sheep B is put into the egg of sheep A STEP 4: This embryo is then given an electric shock to encourage it to divide STEP 5: The embryo is then implant ...
Lineage-specific proteins essential for endocytosis in trypanosomes
... membrane trafficking dynamics (Manna et al., 2014). The canonical defence of T. brucei is the expression of a dense coat of a single variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) which, through antigenic variation (the switching of expression between VSG genes), periodically creates an antigenically distinct ...
... membrane trafficking dynamics (Manna et al., 2014). The canonical defence of T. brucei is the expression of a dense coat of a single variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) which, through antigenic variation (the switching of expression between VSG genes), periodically creates an antigenically distinct ...
Role of Polycomb Group Protein Cbx2/M33 in Meiosis Onset and
... In all sexually reproducing organisms, germ cells have the monumental task of transmitting genetic information through subsequent generations. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) must undergo epigenetic reprogramming, meiotic recombination and two subsequent chromosomal divisions in order to give rise to m ...
... In all sexually reproducing organisms, germ cells have the monumental task of transmitting genetic information through subsequent generations. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) must undergo epigenetic reprogramming, meiotic recombination and two subsequent chromosomal divisions in order to give rise to m ...
mrsa
... substrates and preventing cross-bridging. This prevents proper cell wall synthesis and the bacterium will succumb to osmotic stress. ...
... substrates and preventing cross-bridging. This prevents proper cell wall synthesis and the bacterium will succumb to osmotic stress. ...
Primary cilia and polycystic kidney disease
... concentrations may modulate various cellular functions such as gene expression, growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Loss or dysfunction of polycystin-1 and polycystin-2 may therefore lead to polycystic kidney disease as a result of the inability of the cells to sense mechanical stimuli that norma ...
... concentrations may modulate various cellular functions such as gene expression, growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Loss or dysfunction of polycystin-1 and polycystin-2 may therefore lead to polycystic kidney disease as a result of the inability of the cells to sense mechanical stimuli that norma ...
Comparison of cytotoxicity and wound healing effect of
... cells were exposed to 0.5 % CMC, 0.3% HA and 0.1% HA, respectively. The LDH titer of CMC and HA was assessed at 0, 30min, and 4, 12 and 24h after the addition of each these agents. After 24h later, the supernatants were collected from each well. Cell monolayer was then treated with a cell lysis solu ...
... cells were exposed to 0.5 % CMC, 0.3% HA and 0.1% HA, respectively. The LDH titer of CMC and HA was assessed at 0, 30min, and 4, 12 and 24h after the addition of each these agents. After 24h later, the supernatants were collected from each well. Cell monolayer was then treated with a cell lysis solu ...
Biology I Syllabus
... B.1.a.b.d.e.f.g.h.j Leaning Target: How do I? Describe the functions of all major cellular organelles? Contrast the structure and function of components of cell mobility? Explain how the cell membrane controls movement of substances both into and out of the cell? Explain how the cell membran ...
... B.1.a.b.d.e.f.g.h.j Leaning Target: How do I? Describe the functions of all major cellular organelles? Contrast the structure and function of components of cell mobility? Explain how the cell membrane controls movement of substances both into and out of the cell? Explain how the cell membran ...
TI-VAMP/VAMP7 and VAMP3/cellubrevin: two v
... donor organelle, followed by transport, docking, and fusion of vesicles with its proper target organelle. Yeast and mammalian cells appear to share highly conserved machinery that participates in protein sorting and membrane fusion. The main model for targeting of the cargo to a suitable destination ...
... donor organelle, followed by transport, docking, and fusion of vesicles with its proper target organelle. Yeast and mammalian cells appear to share highly conserved machinery that participates in protein sorting and membrane fusion. The main model for targeting of the cargo to a suitable destination ...
L egionella pneumophila
... Freeze-etching of L . pneurnophila colonies fixed in situ showed close aggregates of micro-organisms in longitudinal and transverse arrangement to the plane of fracture (Fig. 1 a). In these colonies, bacterial cells more than 20 pm in length were common (Fig. 1 b). The major fracture plane occurred ...
... Freeze-etching of L . pneurnophila colonies fixed in situ showed close aggregates of micro-organisms in longitudinal and transverse arrangement to the plane of fracture (Fig. 1 a). In these colonies, bacterial cells more than 20 pm in length were common (Fig. 1 b). The major fracture plane occurred ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.