FtsK-Dependent Dimer Resolution on Multiple Chromosomes
... synchronous management of different replicons. Here, we took advantage of our knowledge of chromosome dimer resolution, the only bacterial segregation process for which coordination with cell division is well understood, to investigate one of the mechanisms ensuring the synchronous management of the ...
... synchronous management of different replicons. Here, we took advantage of our knowledge of chromosome dimer resolution, the only bacterial segregation process for which coordination with cell division is well understood, to investigate one of the mechanisms ensuring the synchronous management of the ...
topic #4: angiosperm anatomy and selected aspects
... as in the common “Irish” potato, whereas parenchyma in a leaf is usually specialized for photosynthesis). (B) Commonly, parenchyma cell walls are thin and can be primary or secondary, terms that will be explained later. They may contain hydrophobic (“water fearing”) material. (C) Parenchyma is livin ...
... as in the common “Irish” potato, whereas parenchyma in a leaf is usually specialized for photosynthesis). (B) Commonly, parenchyma cell walls are thin and can be primary or secondary, terms that will be explained later. They may contain hydrophobic (“water fearing”) material. (C) Parenchyma is livin ...
Molecular Identification of a SNAP-25
... were amplified by PCR using the PtSNAP-specific oligonucleotides (Table 1) and cloned into the double T7 promoter plasmid pL4440 (71) over the SpeI and XhoI restriction sites. Plasmids were introduced in the E. coli Ht115 strain, and Paramecium cells were fed with these strains as described in detai ...
... were amplified by PCR using the PtSNAP-specific oligonucleotides (Table 1) and cloned into the double T7 promoter plasmid pL4440 (71) over the SpeI and XhoI restriction sites. Plasmids were introduced in the E. coli Ht115 strain, and Paramecium cells were fed with these strains as described in detai ...
The Relationship between Methylmercury Dosages and Amount of
... harm the host, depending on numerous factors. One of these mechanisms is a series of steps known as endocytosis. While endocytosis takes place in cells all throughout the body, this experiment focuses on the behavior in the most ...
... harm the host, depending on numerous factors. One of these mechanisms is a series of steps known as endocytosis. While endocytosis takes place in cells all throughout the body, this experiment focuses on the behavior in the most ...
CHAPTER 6 FROM BACTERIA TO PLANTS SECTION 6–1
... 15. Is the following sentence true or false? All organisms in a kingdom share many characteristics and are very similar. 16. Write the letter of each sentence that is true about archaebacteria. a. Archaebacteria can be autotrophic. b. Archaebacteria are prokaryotes. c. Archaebacteria have a cell nuc ...
... 15. Is the following sentence true or false? All organisms in a kingdom share many characteristics and are very similar. 16. Write the letter of each sentence that is true about archaebacteria. a. Archaebacteria can be autotrophic. b. Archaebacteria are prokaryotes. c. Archaebacteria have a cell nuc ...
The FbaB-type fibronectin-binding protein of Streptococcus pyogenes
... significantly reduced the number of intracellular bacteria, whereas expression of WT Rac1 significantly enhanced uptake of FbaB-expressing GBS in comparison with EGFP-expressing cells (Fig. 3C), clearly demonstrating that Rac1 is an essential factor for FbaB-mediated uptake. To analyse the activatio ...
... significantly reduced the number of intracellular bacteria, whereas expression of WT Rac1 significantly enhanced uptake of FbaB-expressing GBS in comparison with EGFP-expressing cells (Fig. 3C), clearly demonstrating that Rac1 is an essential factor for FbaB-mediated uptake. To analyse the activatio ...
Lecture 10 golgi
... invertebrate and plant cells usually have several small Golgi complexs, called Dictyosomes, scattered throughout the cytoplasm. ...
... invertebrate and plant cells usually have several small Golgi complexs, called Dictyosomes, scattered throughout the cytoplasm. ...
Plant Cell
... Much of what is understood about mitosis in plants is based on extrapolation from how cell division functions in other systems, such as yeast (Scheres and Benfey, 1999). Identification of new genes that control this multicellular process in plants is hampered by the lack of a system in which cell di ...
... Much of what is understood about mitosis in plants is based on extrapolation from how cell division functions in other systems, such as yeast (Scheres and Benfey, 1999). Identification of new genes that control this multicellular process in plants is hampered by the lack of a system in which cell di ...
Overexpression of a truncated cyclin B gene arrests Dictyostelium
... organized; the anterior 20% are prestalk cells and the posterior 80% are prespore cells. These cells eventually differentiate into the stalk and the spore cells that make up the final fruiting body (Loomis, 1982). Although there is a decrease in cell mass due to endogenous respiration during the dif ...
... organized; the anterior 20% are prestalk cells and the posterior 80% are prespore cells. These cells eventually differentiate into the stalk and the spore cells that make up the final fruiting body (Loomis, 1982). Although there is a decrease in cell mass due to endogenous respiration during the dif ...
Actin Microfilaments Regulate Vacuolar Structures and Dynamics
... fimbrin (B) and FM4-64 (C). Cortical MFs (small arrows) and the MFs close to the VM (large arrows) were observed. In the cytoplasmic strands, the MFs were localized close to the VM and at the periphery of the strands (arrowheads). Bar ¼ 10 mm. (D) An overlay image of (B) and (C). (E, F) Magnified se ...
... fimbrin (B) and FM4-64 (C). Cortical MFs (small arrows) and the MFs close to the VM (large arrows) were observed. In the cytoplasmic strands, the MFs were localized close to the VM and at the periphery of the strands (arrowheads). Bar ¼ 10 mm. (D) An overlay image of (B) and (C). (E, F) Magnified se ...
Interaction between Cell Wall and Plasma Membrane via RGD Motif
... mechanism of signal transmission from the cell wall to plasma membrane during defense responses has been obscure for a long time. The results of the present study are summarized as follows: (1) VN-like and VNR-like proteins were found to exist in the pea cell wall and plasma membrane, respectively, ...
... mechanism of signal transmission from the cell wall to plasma membrane during defense responses has been obscure for a long time. The results of the present study are summarized as follows: (1) VN-like and VNR-like proteins were found to exist in the pea cell wall and plasma membrane, respectively, ...
From spores to antibiotics via the cell cycle
... vegetative cycle is favoured under conditions supporting growth. Cells grow by elongating along their long axis and then divide medially to produce two identical daughter cells. Starvation induces the sporulation cycle. The sequence of key morphological stages is illustrated, labelled according to t ...
... vegetative cycle is favoured under conditions supporting growth. Cells grow by elongating along their long axis and then divide medially to produce two identical daughter cells. Starvation induces the sporulation cycle. The sequence of key morphological stages is illustrated, labelled according to t ...
Technical Information Sheet No.15
... arrangement of cells by breaking up chains, clumps or other fragile associations. So it would be wise to study also material from unshaken cultures or from colonies. With some bacteria the shape of cells is markedly influenced by the composition of medium. In order not to neglect any typical morphol ...
... arrangement of cells by breaking up chains, clumps or other fragile associations. So it would be wise to study also material from unshaken cultures or from colonies. With some bacteria the shape of cells is markedly influenced by the composition of medium. In order not to neglect any typical morphol ...
Viral Attack Comic Book Adventure - Ask a Biologist
... it was the size of a basketball, a virus would still only be about the size of a single period on this page. ...
... it was the size of a basketball, a virus would still only be about the size of a single period on this page. ...
Molecular Analysis of Iranian Families with Sickle Cell Disease
... Sickle hemoglobin is a mutant hemoglobin in which valine has been substituted for the glutamic acid normally at the sixth amino acid of the b-globin chain. Detection of the single base pair mutation at codon 6 of the b-globin gene is important for the prenatal diagnosis of sickle cell anemia and sic ...
... Sickle hemoglobin is a mutant hemoglobin in which valine has been substituted for the glutamic acid normally at the sixth amino acid of the b-globin chain. Detection of the single base pair mutation at codon 6 of the b-globin gene is important for the prenatal diagnosis of sickle cell anemia and sic ...
Development of the liver in the chicken embryo
... are interspersed with the glycogen granules of the hepatocytes. “Dark” and “light” cells are encountered throughout hepatic development, and the former always outnumber the latter. Organogenesis of the liver was examined closely in embryos from Stage 30 to 40. Throughout this period, the hepatocytes ...
... are interspersed with the glycogen granules of the hepatocytes. “Dark” and “light” cells are encountered throughout hepatic development, and the former always outnumber the latter. Organogenesis of the liver was examined closely in embryos from Stage 30 to 40. Throughout this period, the hepatocytes ...
Polarization of Thyroid Cells in Culture
... within minutes to acute thyrotropin stimulation by increased cAMP synthesis, iodide effiux, and formation of apical pseudopods (10). As both iodide and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) present in the blood have access to the basal surface of follicular cells, it is likely that the iodide concentrat ...
... within minutes to acute thyrotropin stimulation by increased cAMP synthesis, iodide effiux, and formation of apical pseudopods (10). As both iodide and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) present in the blood have access to the basal surface of follicular cells, it is likely that the iodide concentrat ...
A mutation in the nucleoporin-107 gene causes XX gonadal
... In Drosophila, each adult ovary consists of 15 to 20 parallel ovarioles, which contain a series of sequentially developing follicles called egg chambers (reviewed in refs. 19, 20). Each Drosophila oocyte develops within an egg chamber that contains both germ cells and somatic cells. Somatic follicle ...
... In Drosophila, each adult ovary consists of 15 to 20 parallel ovarioles, which contain a series of sequentially developing follicles called egg chambers (reviewed in refs. 19, 20). Each Drosophila oocyte develops within an egg chamber that contains both germ cells and somatic cells. Somatic follicle ...
Preview for 2/6/02 – Dr
... Three shapes are especially common among bacteria – spheres, rods and spirals Most are unicellular, some aggregate transiently, some form permanent aggregations of identical cells;some show division of labor between two or more specialized cell times ...
... Three shapes are especially common among bacteria – spheres, rods and spirals Most are unicellular, some aggregate transiently, some form permanent aggregations of identical cells;some show division of labor between two or more specialized cell times ...
PKCδ is Required for Survival of Cells Expressing
... of protein kinase C (PKC) activity in cells expressing activated p21Ras rapidly induces apoptosis via FADD/caspase-8 signaling (9). We also found that reactive oxygen species are necessary as downstream effectors of the Ras-mediated apoptotic response to PKC inhibition (7). There are at least 12 PKC ...
... of protein kinase C (PKC) activity in cells expressing activated p21Ras rapidly induces apoptosis via FADD/caspase-8 signaling (9). We also found that reactive oxygen species are necessary as downstream effectors of the Ras-mediated apoptotic response to PKC inhibition (7). There are at least 12 PKC ...
Paclitaxel-induced microtubule stabilization causes mitotic block
... Wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae tubulin does not bind the anti-mitotic microtubule stabilizing agent paclitaxel. Previously, we introduced mutations into the S. cerevisiae gene for β-tubulin that imparted paclitaxel binding to the protein, but the mutant strain was not sensitive to paclitaxel and ...
... Wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae tubulin does not bind the anti-mitotic microtubule stabilizing agent paclitaxel. Previously, we introduced mutations into the S. cerevisiae gene for β-tubulin that imparted paclitaxel binding to the protein, but the mutant strain was not sensitive to paclitaxel and ...
Mechanisms and cellular roles of local protein synthesis in mammalian cells
... sequences interact with subsets of RNA-binding proteins, forming a localizing ribonucleo-protein (L-RNP) complex. The L-RNP localizes through interactions with cytoskeletal elements either directly or indirectly. Therefore, in addition to carrying the information required for protein synthesis, an m ...
... sequences interact with subsets of RNA-binding proteins, forming a localizing ribonucleo-protein (L-RNP) complex. The L-RNP localizes through interactions with cytoskeletal elements either directly or indirectly. Therefore, in addition to carrying the information required for protein synthesis, an m ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.