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F DA-Q(0- P.
F DA-Q(0- P.

... Usage in Pregnancy Pregnancy Category C—Corticosteroids are generally teratogenic in laboratory animals when administered systemically at relatively low dosage levels. The more potent corticosteroids have been shown to be teratogenic after dermal application in laboratory animals. There are no adequ ...
Sympathetic Drugs
Sympathetic Drugs

... • All block β1-receptors and decr bp and prevent angina. • Higher Kow-drugs  more rapid absorption from GIT, 1st-pass hepatic elimination  more rapidly eliminated. • Also more likely to enter CNS and cause central effects (e.g., nightmares). • Cardioselectivity diminishes with higher doses. ...
Genetics Test ____ 1. Two similar chromosomes that you inherit
Genetics Test ____ 1. Two similar chromosomes that you inherit

... ____ 20. Human height occurs in a continuous range because it is affected by the interaction of several genes, making it a ___________ trait. ____ 21. Suppose a mouse is homozygous for alleles that produce black fur and homozygous for alleles of an epistatic gene that prevents fur coloration. What c ...
3 Narcotics
3 Narcotics

... these are often part of larger proteins, eg. b-endorphin contains 31 amino acids, first 5 of which are shown above (Met) ...
Antifungal drugs
Antifungal drugs

... Reduced fungal membrane ergosterol concentrations result in damaged, leaky cell membranes. The toxicity of these drugs depends on their relative affinities for mammalian and fungal cytochrome P450 enzymes. The triazoles tend to have fewer side effects, better absorption, better drug distribution in b ...
AEMT-Pharmacology-ver-2-4-2013
AEMT-Pharmacology-ver-2-4-2013

... The AEMT must have knowledge of the following drugs for EMSP 1338. The student will prepare the drug cards and turn them in by the due date. Keep in mind that the student is preparing the cards to take into the clinical setting where they MUST know the drugs completely before being allowed to admini ...
Nature vs. Nurture Article
Nature vs. Nurture Article

... Biologists believe that in rare cases, obese people have a gene mutation that doesn't allow them to produce leptin, the hormone that tells the brain when to stop eating. That may be why, after Rosetta diets, the weight always returns. "Obesity is most likely due to a strong genetic push in a permiss ...
BREINING INSTITUTE - Addiction Specialists
BREINING INSTITUTE - Addiction Specialists

... for Rohypnol is Flunitrazepam and it is not legal in the United States. However, Rohypnol is legally sold in Latin America and Europe as a short-term treatment for insomnia, and as a pre-anesthetic medication. The drug can cause profound "anterograde amnesia"; that is, individuals may not remember e ...
BCIRG
BCIRG

...  Pivotal Global Clinical Development  Acces to multiple targeted subpopulations in a timely fashion for proof of concept in humans ...
2 Pharmacology of ob..
2 Pharmacology of ob..

... triglycerides and very low-density lipoproteins, but an increase in high-density lipoproteins. Causes a beneficial effects on hyperinsulinaemia a There is some evidence that the weight loss is associated with higher energy expenditure, possibly through an increase in thermogenesis mediated by the sy ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... 1. Probability scale is from 0 to 1. An event certain to occur has probability = 1 An event certain Not to occur has probability = 0 Consider a situation where the outcome of any p articular event is unaffected by what has happen ed on previous event s (i.e. for a coin toss, each toss the probabilit ...
الشريحة 1
الشريحة 1

... The drug is distributed mainly into the skin, lungs, kidneys and peritoneum, Concentrations of the drug in tumor cells of the skin and lungs are higher than those in hematopoietic tiss ...
1. Explain what is meant by the “modern synthesis”.
1. Explain what is meant by the “modern synthesis”.

... .01% of the Caucasian population has cystic fibrosis. In a sample population of 100,000 white people, how many would be expected to carry the disease? About 1 in 17,000 kids in the UK are born with albinism. This is a recessive disorder. On average, what % of the population would be carriers for alb ...
Title: A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) comparing reversal
Title: A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) comparing reversal

... have profound bradycardia, commonly undesirable effect in light anesthesia including grimacing, coughing and movement of limbs, post operative recurrent residual neuromuscular blockade with suboptimal dose and short duration of prolongation of APTT and INR time. During reversal phase of anesthesia, ...
CHK Tachyphylaxis Brochure_Layout 1
CHK Tachyphylaxis Brochure_Layout 1

... THE PROBLEM: Approximately 1% to 2% of patients (higher in some medical practices where patients have been exposed at a higher rate to drugs that deplete neurotransmitters) experience GI upset or nausea on starting the amino acids. Typically, this starts with the first dose and builds with every dos ...
Cardiovascular Aging
Cardiovascular Aging

... discomfort; shoulder pain; back pain; SOB; nausea or no symptoms at all • Symptoms not necessarily related to exertion. ...
Drug Interactions With Dietary Supplements
Drug Interactions With Dietary Supplements

... out of favor in the United States due to antibiotic development, the interest and use of echinacea has resumed due to increasing development of antibiotic resistance and better understanding by the public that antibiotics are not effective against the influenza virus. Echinacea is considered possibl ...
Prescribing of COX-2 inhibitors in Germany after safety warnings
Prescribing of COX-2 inhibitors in Germany after safety warnings

... increase the risk for cardiovascular adverse events, especially myocardial infarction (Aldington et al. 2005). Moreover, its use is explicitly contraindicated in patients with uncontrolled high blood pressure. Due to safety concerns, the drug was not granted approval from the FDA so far. It is diffi ...
Guidance for Industry Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease:  Developing Drugs for Treatment
Guidance for Industry Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Developing Drugs for Treatment

... is merit in considering including more than one dose level in at least one phase 3 study, even if the goal is to market a single dose. This is because even a well-validated PD endpoint may not fully predict efficacy as assessed by a clinical outcome endpoint in larger, longer term phase 3 studies, a ...
Size: 841 kB 25th Aug 2014 Pharmacology Basics
Size: 841 kB 25th Aug 2014 Pharmacology Basics

... the urine (excretion of drug) • In order to determine the rate of excretion of any drug from the blood, one must first be certain that the entire drug in the patient’s GI tract has been absorbed (consider GI patients who’s absorption rate is impaired via their ...
Genetic Screening of Iranian Patients with 46,XY Disorders of Sex
Genetic Screening of Iranian Patients with 46,XY Disorders of Sex

... incidence of this disease. On the one hand, some clinical diagnosis criteria are being challenged; for example, plasma testosterone levels do not likely indicate NR5A1 or MAMLD1 mutations, as these mutations have been detected in patients with normal testosterone. On the other hand, to date, no rela ...
Nursing Process Focus: Phenelzine (Nardil)
Nursing Process Focus: Phenelzine (Nardil)

... mental alertness or physical agility until blood pressure is stabilized and effects of the medication are known  Instruct the patient/caregiver that the elderly may be more prone to side effects such as hypertension and dysrythmias. Children on imipramine for nocturnal enuresis may experience mood ...
Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

... Autosomal Disorders • Most autosomal genetic diseases are autosomal recessive meaning the individual need to be homozygous recessive to exhibit the condition (example: cystic fibrosis) • Huntington’s disease is an autosomal dominant disorder meaning that is a single Huntingtons allele is inherited, ...
Genetics PowerPoint Notes
Genetics PowerPoint Notes

... DNA: The ____________________________ that carries information about an organism that is passed on from _____________________ to _____________________. Chromosome: A collection of ____________. Human DNA has ____ chromosomes. Genes: A segments of your DNA on a _________________ that code for specifi ...
SNPs
SNPs

... • Geneticists have been very successful in discovering the variations due to Mendelian disorders. These are characterized by in that they follow the Mendelian rules of inheritance. • The study of particular families using linkage analysis has been successful for the Mendelian diseases. • However, th ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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