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Click here for handout

...  Among youth aged 12 to 17, the rate of current illicit drug  use was higher for boys (11.4%) than for girls (10.2%).   In 2002, 53% of 12th graders reported having used an illicit  drug in their lifetime.   In 2002, between 13 and 18% of drivers aged 17 to 21  reported driving under the influenc ...
Illicit Internet availability of drugs subject to recall and patient safety
Illicit Internet availability of drugs subject to recall and patient safety

... important global patient safety issue [6, 7]. As an example, a recent study found that 4.2 % of all drugs approved in Canada between 1990 and 2009 were required to be withdrawn due to safety concerns or negative benefit-toharm ratio [8]. Similarly, a recent study on drug alerts issued by the UK Medi ...
Comparison of Nitrate Preparations
Comparison of Nitrate Preparations

... There are numerous nitrate products and formulations available on the market. Choosing the right nitrate product and the appropriate dosing regimen often causes confusion. Furthermore, clinicians are often not sure about product therapeutic equivalence. Nitrates are widely used in the management of ...
Full Lecture 3
Full Lecture 3

... the traits are on different chromosomes • linkage - when genes are on the same chromosome they are said to be linked linkage analysis – used to detect linkage ie whether 2 loci under investigation are on same chromosome - can be used to locate genes that influence a trait - one of the loci is a mark ...
Document
Document

dsst® substance abuse
dsst® substance abuse

... Below is a list of reference publications that were either used as a reference to create the exam, or were used as textbooks in college courses of the same or similar title at the time the test was developed. You may reference either the current edition of these titles or textbooks currently used at ...
Genetics notes 12 13
Genetics notes 12 13

... cell only carries one allele for each trait. This is known as the Law of Segregation. If each organism has two alleles for each trait, there are four possible genetic recombinations that can result from the fertilization of the two parents’ gametes. Thus, genetic outcomes of offspring can be predict ...
Rapid and Reliable Method for Cytochrome P450 2D6 Genotyping
Rapid and Reliable Method for Cytochrome P450 2D6 Genotyping

... defective mRNA and proteins (1 ). To date, several mutations have been described, the most frequent being singlebase mutations (alleles *4, *7, and *8) or deletions (alleles *3 and *6) within the cytochrome P450 2D6 gene locus. Deletion of the entire CYP2D6 gene (*5) also leads to an absence of CYP2 ...
Medications on admission
Medications on admission

... Fenofibrate and simvastatin may increase the risk of developing toxicities. Concurrent use in patients described the development of rhabdomyolysis2, 10. Observe patients for toxic effects of these agents especially myopathy. Use this combination with caution and monitor for signs of drug toxicity. E ...
Opioid Dosing and Conversions
Opioid Dosing and Conversions

... with persistent, moderate to severe chronic pain who have been taking an around-the-clock opioid for longer than a week and are considered opioid-tolerant. 2 Significant interpatient and intrapatient variability exists in absorption from transdermal fentanyl. Example: patients with diffuse edema or ...
UNIT 3: Introduction to Pharmacology
UNIT 3: Introduction to Pharmacology

... Action of competitive antagonist Compete with agonist for the same receptor sites. When bound to the receptor(s), the antagonist prevents the agonist from binding and so prevents the agonists from causing an effect. Cause an apparent increase in the ED50 of the agonist – a bigger dose of agonist is ...
Biology - Chapter 7
Biology - Chapter 7

... over several generations. Sometimes individuals are carriers of a recessive traits and those traits can show up in their children if the opposite parent also donates a recessive trait. For example, albinism. Parents can be heterozygous for this character and not be effected but if they both pass the ...
citeline Pharma r&d annual review 2015
citeline Pharma r&d annual review 2015

... The most keenly-tracked data from this graph is always the numbers of drugs which are in the three stages of clinical development. Our information here is always extremely robust, by dint of our collaboration with the leading worldwide source of clinical trials intelligence, Citeline’s Trialtrove. ...
Pedigree Practice: Pre Test
Pedigree Practice: Pre Test

... 11. We do not know the genotype for Elizabeth's parents, John and Hepzibah. We do know that A. one of them must be deaf. ...
Meningitis with purpura fulminans
Meningitis with purpura fulminans

... P (illness) = f (host, pathogen, environment, interactions) ...
Document
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... In vivo assessment of the anti-angiogenic effects of Aspergillus infection myocutaneous model of aspergillosis (neutropenic, non-lethal) ...
Biololgy 20 GENETICS Genetics: Genetics History: Aristotle
Biololgy 20 GENETICS Genetics: Genetics History: Aristotle

... Sickle-cell anemia (1 in 400 African-Americans born in US) Consanguinity: Dominantly Inherited Disorders: Types: achondroplaisa (dwarfism): Huntington’s disease: Polydactyly: Linked genes: Sex-linked genes: Genes located: ...
Frequently asked questions
Frequently asked questions

... A. If a Patient has lost one or more Batch Issues they can present the remaining ones to the Pharmacist holding the RA form for dispensing. This should be communicated to the issuing Surgery. If they have lost all of the remaining Batch Issues they should be referred back to the Surgery. Q. How will ...
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Basics for Drug Selection
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Basics for Drug Selection

... − Analgesia usually occurs at a lower dose Inhibition of noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake is thought to enhance the descending inhibitory pathway3,4 ...
Patterns Of Inheritance
Patterns Of Inheritance

... Some human traits are controlled by a single gene. -some of these exhibit dominant inheritance -some of these exhibit recessive inheritance Pedigree analysis is used to track inheritance patterns in families. ...
ppt
ppt

... Maximal Extraction of Biological Information from Genetic Interaction Data ...
File
File

... European descent but is much rarer in other groups. One out of 25 whites (4% ) is a carrier. The normal allele for this gene codes for a membrane protein that functions in chloride ion transport between certain cells and the extracellular fluid. These chloride channels are defective or absent. The r ...
DIRECTLY OBSERVED PREVENTIVE THERAPY (DOPT)
DIRECTLY OBSERVED PREVENTIVE THERAPY (DOPT)

ADVERSE REACTIONS - Dentalelle Tutoring
ADVERSE REACTIONS - Dentalelle Tutoring

... with mu (μ) opioid receptors; inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, and modifies ascending pain pathways. ...
Administration of medications
Administration of medications

...  Medication not given  Medication given to wrong patient  Wrong rate of administration  Wrong dose/concentration/form  Wrong time of administration  Wrong route of administration  Wrong medication ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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