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Herbal drugs and drug interactions
Herbal drugs and drug interactions

... were using these products and also that the use of herbal supplements in the USA is growing steadily by approximately 20% per year (5, 6, 8-10). Other surveys reported even higher estimates of use, reaching 61 to 71 % (1,11). We could not find a similar survey made in Turkey. Besides, in Turkey and ...
Genetics - Biology Teaching & Learning Resources.
Genetics - Biology Teaching & Learning Resources.

... Polydactyly (dominant*) an extra digit may be produced on the hands or feet ...
PSYCHEDELIC DRUGS (p.l) 1. Terminology “hallucinogens
PSYCHEDELIC DRUGS (p.l) 1. Terminology “hallucinogens

... elim. ½ life is 11-51 hours (mean average 18 hours) urine drug screen will detect up to 7 days after use used PO, nasally, IV, or smoked e.g. ketamine (Ketalar) also an anesthetic agent, very safe w/ few cardiovascular effects but also will --- a psychotic state abuse of drug began in 1960’s, initia ...
Adjunct Approaches to Chronic Pain Management for Individuals
Adjunct Approaches to Chronic Pain Management for Individuals

... • Data from a large population-based study suggests: – chronic high-dose opioids may fare worse over time than those on lower doses or none – quality of life measures for patients using high-dose opioids were lower than on low dose – four times less likely to “recover” significantly during the five ...
Family Letters
Family Letters

... may want to talk to your doctor about whether genetic testing makes sense for you. The genetic testing that is recommended is called [microsatellite instability (MSI) / immunohistochemistry (IHC)] testing, and it would be done on the cancer tumor that was removed during your surgery. Your doctor or ...
Cytochrome P450 Drug Interactions Table
Cytochrome P450 Drug Interactions Table

... amine tricyclics (e.g., nortriptyline, desipramine) if nonresponsive to SSRIs. Are often on multiple other medications (beware of drug interactions). Metabolism is slower; start with lower doses, increase doses slowly. Discontinuing Antidepressant Therapy (10) While antidepressant medications are ge ...
Randomized trial of a fixed combination (KanJang )
Randomized trial of a fixed combination (KanJang )

... The clinical efficacy of KanJangs oral solution, a fixed combination of standardised extracts of Echinacea purpurea, Adhatoda vasica and Eleutherococcus senticosus, was compared with the combined extracts of Echinacea purpurea and Eleutherococcus senticosus alone (Echinacea mixture) in a controlled, d ...
Drugs and the Elderly: Practical Considerations
Drugs and the Elderly: Practical Considerations

... Average prescription drug cost for an older person is $500/year, but highly variable Nonprescription drugs and herbals can be quite expensive Many Medicare Managed Care Plans have dropped or severely limited drug coverage Drugs cost more in US than any other country New drugs cost more UCSF Division ...
Lecture 4 - University of California, Santa Cruz
Lecture 4 - University of California, Santa Cruz

... To determine the phenotype of the LM and LN blood cells a very specific set of antibodies is required. The anti- LM antibodies specifically recognize the LM blood-cell surface proteins and the anti LN antibodies specifically recognize the LN surface proteins. In practice, specific recognition by ea ...
Vicodin and liver Disease
Vicodin and liver Disease

... today.” On the other hand, opiates, such as hydrocodone bitartrate and codeine, while safe for the liver, are highly addictive. “Vicodin is currently the most popular prescription drug in the United States.” Some patients become addicted to the opiate component of Vicodin and consume increasing amou ...
Quick Reference for Antidepressants
Quick Reference for Antidepressants

... Also indicated for neuropathic pain, Generalized Anxiety Disorder and fibromyalgia. ...
CNS Stimulants
CNS Stimulants

... Dronabinol is administered orally and has a peak effect in 2 to 4 hours. Its psychoactive effects can last up to 6 hours, but its appetite-stimulant effects may persist for 24 hours. ...
DOC
DOC

... inhibitors group. There was a tendency to its increase, and respectively the share of drugs of average and low availability in ARBs ІІ group decreased. This tendency can be explained by the significant share of both original and foreign generic single entity and combination drugs in this group. Acco ...
12. anaesthesia general I
12. anaesthesia general I

... • This drug produce dissociative state in which the patient is patient remains conscious but has marked catatonia, analgesia, and amnesia • It is a chemical congener of the psychotomimetic agent, phencyclidine (PCP) • It is a cardiovascular stimulant drug • Can cause increase intracranial pressure • ...
Section 17.1
Section 17.1

... •What other myths do teens believe about drugs? ...
DEC 22  1994 John  Spector Caprice-Greystoke, Ltd.
DEC 22 1994 John Spector Caprice-Greystoke, Ltd.

... PPA combined with a reduced-calorie diet. As Dr. Rhodes pointed out, those studies were completed between 1986 and 1991. The agency's review of all of these data was completed within the last year. This review has also led to a determination that the existing data are inadequate to.support immediate ...
Antiarrhythmic Drugs
Antiarrhythmic Drugs

... heart failure, lidocaine may cause hypotension Pharmacokinetics: Extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism Lidocaine must be given parenterally Lidocaine has a half-life of 1–2 hours. Therapeutic Use: Lidocaine is the agent of choice for termination of ventricular tachycardia and prevention of ventric ...
Plasma drug protein binding Update: 01:/07/2006 binding- 1
Plasma drug protein binding Update: 01:/07/2006 binding- 1

... • To take place, the molar concentration of the drug in plasma must exceed the molar concentration of albumin (150 µg/mL for a a drug with a MW of 250) – e.g.: PBZ, phenytoin, valproic acid ...
Teacher notes and student sheets
Teacher notes and student sheets

... • People’s behaviour is shaped by their genes and by factors in their environment • The more genes involved in a characteristic, the more it can be affected by environmental influence • a high risk family environment would be one where there is lack of parental affection or engagement (2 marks) (ii) ...
Another Mix-up between Choral Hydrate and
Another Mix-up between Choral Hydrate and

... medication labels and packaging to reduce the potential for lookalike product confusion. In addition, ISMP Canada recommends that manufacturers limit the package sizes of high-alert drugs, similar to the poison prevention strategies used for over-the-counter medications such as paediatric acetaminop ...
Natural selection, continued
Natural selection, continued

... equilibrium: allele frequencies no longer change q = frequency of a allele at equilibrium ...
Genetic lab 8
Genetic lab 8

... The effects of one gene are modified by one or several other genes . Hypo-static : is one whose phenotype is masked by the expression of an allele at a separate locus, in an epistasis event Epi-static : The gene whose phenotype is expressed. Epistasis can be contrasted with dominance which is an int ...
Nebilet (Chronic Heart Failure) - Forecast and Market Analysis to... Brochure
Nebilet (Chronic Heart Failure) - Forecast and Market Analysis to... Brochure

... market over the forecast period include the sparsely populated CHF pipeline and an increasing number of generic competitors in a market that is already heavily laden with generic drugs. However, the market entry of entry of Novartis’ LCZ-696, the first novel, branded CHF drug to enter the market in ...
Quality Assessment of the Commonly Prescribed Antimicrobial Drug
Quality Assessment of the Commonly Prescribed Antimicrobial Drug

... been getting drugs into the supply chain at affordable prices. The quality of these drugs and the threat of counterfeit pharmaceuticals have been largely ignored. However, there is mounting evidence that counterfeit pharmaceuticals pose a serious threat to public health, especially in developing cou ...
Genotype
Genotype

... 3. A _______ trait covers up other traits. • Dominant 4. In a Punnett square, a small letter (t) stands for a ______ allele. • Recessive 5. A tool used to predict the possible offspring of a mating is called a • Punnett Square ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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