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Congestive Heart Failure and Medical Therapy
Congestive Heart Failure and Medical Therapy

... (COREG®) and sotalol (BETAPACE®). Careful monitoring by the veterinarian is necessary to minimize side effects, which can include low blood pressure, collapse and worsening of congestive heart failure. Calcium-channel blockers are another group of antiarrhythmic drugs that animals with congestive he ...
Antipsychotic Use Survey Tool
Antipsychotic Use Survey Tool

... (i) Residents who have not used antipsychotic drugs are not given these drugs unless antipsychotic drug therapy is necessary to treat a specific condition as diagnosed and documented in the clinical record; and (ii) Residents who use antipsychotic drugs receive gradual dose reductions, and behaviour ...
Rockefeller University Scientist Builds Mutation Analysis Tools with
Rockefeller University Scientist Builds Mutation Analysis Tools with

Effect & Sites of Action of Different Agonist Drugs on The Isolated
Effect & Sites of Action of Different Agonist Drugs on The Isolated

... analgesic, effect on blood pressure ...
Link - Lundbeck
Link - Lundbeck

... Geriatrics (> 65 years of age): The pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of zuclopenthixol in elderly patients with schizophrenia have not been systematically evaluated in clinical trials. Caution should thus be exercised in dose selection for an elderly patient, recognizing the more frequent hepa ...
Genetic Variability of Drosophila melanogaster at the Alcohol
Genetic Variability of Drosophila melanogaster at the Alcohol

... amino acid, threonine (neutral charge) versus lysine (positively charged) at position 192 (There are 255 amino acids in the whole ADH protein.). Because of this amino acid substitution, the proteins can be separated by electrophoresis, one being "fast", the other "slow". Out of many sequenced ADH ge ...
H-W - ap biology
H-W - ap biology

... 4. Use p, q values to determine the frequency of each genotype in the population p2 = homozygous dominant frequency ...
Assessment of Bone health in patients with Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Assessment of Bone health in patients with Eosinophilic Esophagitis

... • Eosinophilic esophagitis is defined as “a chronic, immune/antigen mediated, esophageal disease characterized clinically by symptoms related to esophageal dysfunction and histologically by eosinophilpredominant inflammation”. • No formulation of topical glucocorticoids has been approved specificall ...
answers to exam 2011 - Learning on the Loop
answers to exam 2011 - Learning on the Loop

... Meiosis produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes. This means that pairs of alleles are separated at meiosis. At fertilisation, which sperm fertilise which egg is due to chance and this results in new combinations of alleles. The advantage of variation to a species is that it may enable s ...
Opioid analgesics in palliative care
Opioid analgesics in palliative care

Medication Management of Co
Medication Management of Co

... It is 50-80% sensitive in chronic alcoholics and is > 95-97% specific - but assay dependent. Sensitivity is conditional on time since last heavy drinking day. Sex does not seem to make a difference in cut-off with newer assays (except pregnancy?). Severe liver disease and a few genetic variants migh ...
ISSN 2167-910X - International Scientific Indexing
ISSN 2167-910X - International Scientific Indexing

... Tuskegee Syphilis study began in 1932 and was concluded in 1972, in Alabama. This biomedical research study was performed for a longer duration of 40 years [9]. This study involved unethical experiments and practice [11]. Victims were not informed about the details of the experiment [10]. The aim of ...
unit v – mendelian genetics
unit v – mendelian genetics

... o If changes involve long stretches of DNA, known as chromosomal mutations o Point mutations – change in a gene involving a single nucleotide pair; 2 types  Substitution  Frameshift – due to addition or deletion of nucleotide pairs ...
High Performance Liquid Chromatography for Clinical Applications
High Performance Liquid Chromatography for Clinical Applications

... in  a  closed  chamber  containing  the  mobile  phase.  The  mobile  phase  migrates  up  the  plate  by  capillary   action  and  separates  the  compounds  in  the  sample  which  can  then  be  visualized  by  ultraviolet  (UV)   ...
Chapter 7 Study Guides
Chapter 7 Study Guides

... In humans, how does a gamete from a male determine the sex of offspring? Because there is only one copy of each gene, all traits are expressed. For what are genes on the Y chromosome responsible? Development of the male offspring. How are sex-linked genes expressed differently in the phenotypes of m ...
/+ +/+ +/+ +/+ a +/ b - Molecular and Cell Biology
/+ +/+ +/+ +/+ a +/ b - Molecular and Cell Biology

... How? -- an example of horizontal genetic transmission (xfrd in same generation, i.e. gene not introduced from parents (vs. vertical) Are fly-workers to blame for contaminating D. melanogaster? ...
PK / PD Concepts in Clinical Research
PK / PD Concepts in Clinical Research

Intravenous lysine clonixinate for the acute treatment of severe
Intravenous lysine clonixinate for the acute treatment of severe

... Migraine is a prevalent (18%-20% of women and 4%6% of men worldwide) disorder that manifests clinically as moderate to severe headache attacks with frequent frontotemporal unilateral location and associated symptoms.1-3 The pain is pulsating and/or pressure type and is usually associated with nausea ...
Inflammation and Drug Idiosyncrasy—Is There a Connection?
Inflammation and Drug Idiosyncrasy—Is There a Connection?

... and that humans generate antibodies to these altered proteins (Njoku et al., 2002); however, many halothane-exposed individuals develop antibodies but do not experience hepatitis. Such findings have raised doubt about whether such autoantibodies have a pathological role in hepatitis induced by halot ...
Trichiuris trichiura
Trichiuris trichiura

... dependence when used for prolonged periods ...
Local_Anesthetics
Local_Anesthetics

... SOURCE: Adapted from Carpenter and Mackey, 1992, with permission. ...
F134081_Untangling-t.. - Family Medicine Forum
F134081_Untangling-t.. - Family Medicine Forum

... calculation of QTc and additional testing) if symptoms, signs or family history are present (Box 1). ...
Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Cholinesterase Inhibitors

... vascular, Lewy body, Parkinson’s), all stages ...
Herbal drugs and drug interactions
Herbal drugs and drug interactions

... were using these products and also that the use of herbal supplements in the USA is growing steadily by approximately 20% per year (5, 6, 8-10). Other surveys reported even higher estimates of use, reaching 61 to 71 % (1,11). We could not find a similar survey made in Turkey. Besides, in Turkey and ...
Randomized trial of a fixed combination (KanJang )
Randomized trial of a fixed combination (KanJang )

... The clinical efficacy of KanJangs oral solution, a fixed combination of standardised extracts of Echinacea purpurea, Adhatoda vasica and Eleutherococcus senticosus, was compared with the combined extracts of Echinacea purpurea and Eleutherococcus senticosus alone (Echinacea mixture) in a controlled, d ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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