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Mirtazapine in combination - Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría
Mirtazapine in combination - Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría

... Based on the pharmacodynamics of the medications used to treat depression, a synergistic combination of two drugs should be guided by the principle of complementary drug action. This means that two drugs that act on different neurotransmission systems or through different and complementary mechanism ...
Positive Identification for Patient Medication Safety Auto
Positive Identification for Patient Medication Safety Auto

... PHS “Positive ID Standard” • Choose data elements that will be in bar code; identify minimum data • Standard and economic structure for data in the bar code so it can be read easily by various applications • Provide extensibility • Ensure patient care continuity even when network is “down” • Permit ...
How to design multi-target drugs  : target search options Review
How to design multi-target drugs : target search options Review

... Cellular networks help us to understand the complexity of the cell. In the network concept, the complex system is perceived as a set of interacting elements that are bound together by links. Links usually have a weight, which characterizes their strength (affinity, or propensity). Links may also be ...
STV(])FES O!}{(])CJ(vq POqt£/ffl1flLS
STV(])FES O!}{(])CJ(vq POqt£/ffl1flLS

... group is then somewhat modified by the commen and simple unit process to give more active compounds with low toxicity. Although there is no broad relationship between the structure and biological activity of the various groups, yet some physiological effect is often associated with a particular stru ...
Quality Control Parameters for Medicinal Plants
Quality Control Parameters for Medicinal Plants

... Method of preparation, a brief description of the compound formulation, standards for Identity and Purity in so far as they are reflected by microscopy and physicochemical parameters. Other requirements such as tests for heavy metals, microbial content have also been prescribed. Information on thera ...
Novel SIL1 mutations cause cerebellar ataxia and
Novel SIL1 mutations cause cerebellar ataxia and

... screening the small number of genes of the second step. SIL1 mutations cause MSS, an early-onset multisystem disorder characterized by cerebellar ataxia and atrophy in a more complex clinical picture that includes also cataracts and myopathy. Krieger et al. identified SIL1 mutations in approximately ...
INFORMATION - World Health Organization
INFORMATION - World Health Organization

... not present, WHO policies and activities and they embrace socioeconomic as well as technical matters. The objective is to bring issues that are of primary concern to drug regulators and pharmaceutical manufacturers to the attention of a wide audience of health professionals and policy-makers con- ...
NRTIs NNRTIs PIs Entry Inhibitor Integrase Inhibitors MOA Inhibits
NRTIs NNRTIs PIs Entry Inhibitor Integrase Inhibitors MOA Inhibits

... Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTIs) MOA: Inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase by binding adjacent to the active site, inducing a conformational change that inactivates the enzyme ...
Original article The protease inhibitors ritonavir and saquinavir
Original article The protease inhibitors ritonavir and saquinavir

... tissue has also been described [9]. The mechanisms behind these changes are not known, but some studies indicate that antiretroviral drugs inhibit enzymes in the host [10,11] and cause mitochondrial toxicity [12]. Also, genetic analysis has implicated mutations in the gene coding for resistin as a p ...
Intro. to Genetics
Intro. to Genetics

... What is genetics?  Genetics- The study of heredity  Heredity- the passing of traits from parents to ...
Dr Michelle Murrow - cutis laxa internationale
Dr Michelle Murrow - cutis laxa internationale

... Diagnosis of cutis laxa Genetics of cutis laxa Finding cutis laxa genes Finding out what cutis laxa genes do Fixing problems caused by changes in cutis laxa genes • Invitation to participate in our study ...
Treating tobacco use and dependence at OHSU
Treating tobacco use and dependence at OHSU

... cessation medication is the first choice of treatment. • Risks of poor pregnancy outcomes due to fetal exposure to other chemicals in smoke + nicotine are greater than exposure to nicotine alone from nicotine replacement therapies (NRT). • NRTs are pregnancy category D, except for gum and lozenges, ...
INT_CAT_NGO_RUS_13012_E
INT_CAT_NGO_RUS_13012_E

... About 37.2% of injecting drug users who live in Russia are living with HIV,11 and in some regions HIV prevalence in this group reaches 75%.12 According to the official data, about 80% of HIV cases from 1987 to 2008 were related to injecting drug use.13 For 59.2% of HIV positive people identified in ...
Narcotic Addiction in Patients with Chronic Pain
Narcotic Addiction in Patients with Chronic Pain

... preclinical and clinical studies suggest that opioid-induced abnormal pain sensitivity has much in common with the cellular mechanisms of neuropathic pain. ...
Neuropsychopathology in 7 Patients with the 22q13 Deletion
Neuropsychopathology in 7 Patients with the 22q13 Deletion

... The 22q13 deletion syndrome is characterised by intellectual disability (ID), delayed or absent speech, autistic-like behaviour and minor, nonspecific dysmorphic features. The deletion of the SHANK3 gene is thought to be responsible for these features. In this study, the clinical data of 7 patients ...
Drug Elimination and Clearance
Drug Elimination and Clearance

... The reabsorption of drugs that are acids or weak bases is influenced by the pH of the fluid in the renal tubule (ie, urine pH) and the pKa of the drug. Both of these factors together determine the percentage of dissociated (ionized) and undissociated (nonionized) drug. The undissociated drug is easi ...
Asthma
Asthma

... cholesterol, encourage exercise, consider referral to dietitian (6 weeks) Evaluate LDL response: if goal not achieved intensify LDL lowering, reinforce fat & cholesterol restriction, increase fiber intake, dietitian referral (6 weeks) Evaluate LDL: if goal not achieved consider drug therapy, initiat ...
Health Canada Endorsed Important Safety Information
Health Canada Endorsed Important Safety Information

... mean (upper bound of the 95% one-sided confidence interval) differences from placebo were 8.5 (10.8) and 18.5 (21.0) msec for 20 mg and 60 mg citalopram, respectively. The effects of the 40 mg/day dose were not studied, but are predicted to be approximately 13 msec (estimate value on QTcNi). Changes ...
International Journal for Pharmaceutical Research Scholars (IJPRS)
International Journal for Pharmaceutical Research Scholars (IJPRS)

... concentrations within the therapeutic range. There is an inverse correlation between the frequency of dosing and patient compliance. A reduction in the number of daily doses offered by extended-release products has the potential to improve compliance. However, ...
Genetics - Paxon Biology
Genetics - Paxon Biology

... since they will not have the dominant trait. Those who express the trait in their phenotype could be either homozygous dominant (p²) or heterozygous (2pq). The Hardy-Weinberg equation allows us to determine which ones they are. Since p = 1 - q and q is known, it is possible to calculate p as well. K ...
Initiating Methadone Treatment: Induction and stabilisation
Initiating Methadone Treatment: Induction and stabilisation

... BLOOD LEVELS: WHEN AND WHY ...
systems_chem_biol_ik..
systems_chem_biol_ik..

... Slide adapted from Francisco Roque’s PhD thesis ...
azopt - Vision Institute of Canada
azopt - Vision Institute of Canada

... Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is an enzyme found in many tissues of the body including the eye. It catalyzes the reversible reaction involving the hydration of carbon dioxide and the dehydration of carbonic acid. In humans, carbonic anhydrase exists as a number of isoenzymes, the most active being carboni ...
New technologies to assess genotype–phenotype
New technologies to assess genotype–phenotype

1. circumstances when shared care is appropriate
1. circumstances when shared care is appropriate

... Melatonin for persistent sleep disorders in school age children with neurodevelopmental disabilities NOTES to the GP The expectation is that these guidelines should provide sufficient information to enable GPs to be confident to take clinical and legal responsibility for prescribing this drug. The q ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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