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Kratom - NeuroSoup
Kratom - NeuroSoup

... weight,   and   to   act   by   way   of   mu   and   delta   opioid   receptors.   Nevertheless,   in   a   mouse   tail-­‐flick   test,   it   demonstrated   only   weak   anti-­‐nociceptive   activity   compared   to   morphine.   ...
Effexor 37.5 Mg Vs 75 Mg - Max Effexor Xr Doses
Effexor 37.5 Mg Vs 75 Mg - Max Effexor Xr Doses

suprane - Baxter
suprane - Baxter

... As with all halogenated anesthetics, repeated anesthesia within a short period of time should be approached with caution. Since awakening is rapid with SUPRANE (desflurane), as with other rapidly-acting anesthetic agents, care should be taken that appropriate analgesia has been administered to the p ...
Tramadol - World Health Organization
Tramadol - World Health Organization

... Tramadol monotherapy does not usually provide adequate analgesia. In chronic non-cancer pain, there is little evidence for the use of tramadol for more than three months. Tramadol is considered to be a relatively safe analgesic. The main adverse reactions to tramadol therapy are nausea, dizziness, a ...
Chewing gum as a drug delivery system
Chewing gum as a drug delivery system

... variations could be explained by differences in swallowing frequency, but could perhaps also be explained by the intensity with which the gum is chewed. Patient training and informational/instructional inserts that provide guidelines for proper chewing could significantly reduce this variability. Di ...
Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 7th ed. Sample chapter.
Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 7th ed. Sample chapter.

... and plants; it is present in small quantities in almost all vegetables. Laxative effects may occur if mannitol is consumed orally in large quantities.(27) If it is used in foods as a bodying agent and daily ingestion of over 20 g is foreseeable, the product label should bear the statement ‘excessive ...
Farewell, C hlora m phenicol? Is this T rue?
Farewell, C hlora m phenicol? Is this T rue?

... During the last decade the emergence of highly resistant pathogens has aroused renewed interest in older drugs that have fallen into disuse because of several factors including toxic side effects. One important antibiotic agent is chloramphenicol, which was released for use in the United States in 1 ...
Hyaluronidase in Ophthalmology - The Journal of Applied Research
Hyaluronidase in Ophthalmology - The Journal of Applied Research

... INTRODUCTION Hyaluronidase is an enzyme which degrades hyaluronan (HA) and has diverse clinical applications resulting from its ability to facilitate the dispersion and/or absorption of an array of medications and fluids. It provides rapid penetrance of anesthetic agents, particularly to locations d ...
  Clinical pharmacology and abuse potential of   gamma‐hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)
  Clinical pharmacology and abuse potential of   gamma‐hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)

... decrease in GHB plasma concentrations. The three study drugs, GHB, flunitrazepam and ethanol,  although  known  sedate‐like  drugs,  they  all  induced  a  mixed  sedative‐stimulant  pattern.    GHB  tolerability  highly  differ  between  subjects  with  no  within‐subject  coincidence  of  positive ...
PHARMACEUTICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE OF GUAR GUM AN OVERVIEW  Review Article
PHARMACEUTICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE OF GUAR GUM AN OVERVIEW Review Article

... Guar gum is an important source of nutrition to human and animals are the legume, it regenerates soil nitrogen and the endosperm of guar seed is an important hydrocolloid widely used across a broad spectrum of industries. There are more than 300 applications of guar gum. Guar gum is Generally Recogn ...
Atrial fibrillation: the management of atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation: the management of atrial fibrillation

... used to 'shock' the heart back to its normal rhythm, and catheter or surgical ablation to create lesions to stop the abnormal electrical impulses that cause atrial fibrillation. This updated guideline addresses several clinical areas in which new evidence has become available, including stroke and b ...
Differential Reinforcement of Low Rate Performance
Differential Reinforcement of Low Rate Performance

... independence. The additivity model of dose-additive combinations is based on the assumption that alprazolam and caffeine act alike, i.e., that alprazolam acts like caffeine or vice versa. Then, the combination of alprazolam plus caffeine should behave as if it were a combination of alprazolam and al ...
TRIAMTERENE and HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE TABLETS, USP
TRIAMTERENE and HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE TABLETS, USP

... was orally administered to pregnant mice and rats during respective periods of major organogenesis at doses up to 3000 and 1000 mg/kg/day, respectively. At these doses, which are multiples of the MRHD equal to 3000 for mice and 1000 for rats, based on body-weight, and equal to 282 for mice and 206 f ...
Advair HFA - GSK Source
Advair HFA - GSK Source

... patients periodically. Advise the patient to rinse his/her mouth with water without swallowing after inhalation to help reduce the risk. (5.4) Increased risk of pneumonia in patients with COPD. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of pneumonia. (5.5) Potential worsening of infections (e.g., exist ...
July/August 2014
July/August 2014

... ISSUE: FDA is warning that the intravenous chemotherapy drug docetaxel contains ethanol, also known as alcohol, which may cause patients to experience intoxication or feel drunk during and after treatment. FDA is revising the labels of all docetaxel drug products to warn about this risk. BACKGROUND: ...
[Product Monograph Template
[Product Monograph Template

... nursing mothers have shown that naloxone does not affect prolactin or oxytocin hormone levels. Pediatrics: An accidental opioid exposure is possible in the pediatric population. Naloxone administration may cause an acute opioid withdrawal syndrome which may be life threatening in opioid dependent ne ...
biaxin pm
biaxin pm

... other medicinal products associated with QT prolongation, due to the risk for QT prolongation and torsades de pointes. See DRUG INTERACTIONS, Drug-Drug Interactions. Clarithromycin is contraindicated in patients with congenital or documented acquired QT prolongation or history of ventricular arrhyth ...
The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics by
The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics by

... non-lethal doses. Slight perspiration may be induced, but sweating to any great degree does not take place except from large doses. Then it is an almost constant symptom. Temperature is reduced, but the more readily during pyrexia, when the pulse is frequent and small, if the dose administered be fr ...
Azelastine Hydrochloride 0.1% Nasal Spray Azelastine
Azelastine Hydrochloride 0.1% Nasal Spray Azelastine

... older with perennial allergic and/or nonallergic rhinitis were treated with Azelastine Hydrochloride Nasal Spray 0.1% two sprays per nostril twice daily or Astelin Nasal Spray two sprays per nostril twice daily. The most frequently reported adverse reactions were headache, bitter taste, epistaxis, a ...
MICROMEDEX® Healthcare Series _ Document
MICROMEDEX® Healthcare Series _ Document

... major depressive disorder (MDD) with fluoxetine 20 milligrams (mg) per day (n=21), 60 mg/week (n=28), or placebo (n=21) did not differ in their ability to affect the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) (Burke et al, 2000). One hundred fourteen subjects with a diagnosis of unipolar MDD and a ...
biaxin pm
biaxin pm

... Clarithromycin should be used with caution in patients with coronary artery disease, severe cardiac insufficiency, hypomagnesemia, bradycardia (< 50 bpm), or when co-administered with other medicinal products associated with QT prolongation, due to the risk for QT prolongation and torsades de pointe ...
Ophthalmologic Policy: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF
Ophthalmologic Policy: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF

... Before using this policy, please check the member specific benefit plan document and any federal or state mandates, if applicable. Some Certificates of Coverage allow for coverage of experimental/investigational/unproven treatments for lifethreatening illnesses when certain conditions are met. The e ...
Prescribing Information
Prescribing Information

... In a 12-month, placebo (vehicle nasal spray)-controlled, safety trial, 890 patients 12 years of age and older with perennial allergic rhinitis were randomized to treatment with olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution (nasal spray) 2 sprays per nostril twice daily (445 patients) or vehicle nasal spr ...
Esam Z. Dajani, Ph.D., FACG
Esam Z. Dajani, Ph.D., FACG

... in the discovery of several interesting drugs. Of these, one drug (Cytotec®) was marketed. Actively interacted with clinical, regulatory affairs, legal (patents), consumer products and business groups (marketing, sales, licensing and product acquisition). Group Leader, Department of Pharmacology, G. ...
CH10 Mendel Practice Exam
CH10 Mendel Practice Exam

... ____ 10. Genes on chromosomes are the units of inheritance. ____ 11. The allele for a recessive trait is usually represented by a capital letter. ____ 12. A Mendelian factor is equivalent to an allele. ____ 13. Current scientific knowledge supports Mendel’s principles. ____ 14. Heterozygous individu ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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