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Genetic Tools for Studying Adaptation and the Evolution of Behavior
Genetic Tools for Studying Adaptation and the Evolution of Behavior

... a split-brood design, so that genetic and environmental factors are not confounded statistically. Recent models and empirical studies of social effects on behavior (Moore et al. 1997, 1998, 2002, in this issue) show clearly that social effects need to be considered and controlled. Quantitative genet ...
A Review on Benzylpiperazine and Trifluoromethylphenypiperazine
A Review on Benzylpiperazine and Trifluoromethylphenypiperazine

... The enzymes CYP2D6 and COMT was identified to metabolize BZP according to Gee and Fountain (2007) (Gee and Fountain 2007), supported by Staack et al. (2002) who did a research on the metabolism and toxicological detection of the Nbenzylpiperazine metabolites in human and rat urine, and found out tha ...
Do Topically Applied Skin Creams Containing Retinyl Palmitate
Do Topically Applied Skin Creams Containing Retinyl Palmitate

... humans (8) . The effects of photoirradiation of skin are dependent on the quantity and wavelength of the radiation. About one third of light with a wavelength of 400 nm penetrates into the epidermis to a depth 0.1 mm in vivo, whereas about 99% of light with a wavelength of 300 nm penetrates into onl ...
data sheet
data sheet

... abuse of methylphenidate. CONCERTA should be given cautiously to patients with a history of drug or alcohol dependence. Chronic abusive use can lead to marked tolerance and psychological dependence with varying degrees of abnormal behaviour. Patient age, the presence of risk factors for substance us ...
Wessex Pain Score - Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust
Wessex Pain Score - Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

... assist with drug withdrawal (ie buprenorphine) and the presence of tolerance, physical dependence and the risk of withdrawal. Opioid requirements are usually significantly higher in these patients. For the patient on prescription opioids their usual regimens should be maintained where possible or ap ...
Cytotoxic Drugs for Adult Patients in Oncology and Haematology
Cytotoxic Drugs for Adult Patients in Oncology and Haematology

... Staff providing a chemotherapy outreach service to St Richard’s Hospital Chichester will abide by St Richard’s local policies and guidelines. All aspects of this policy and associated documents apply to both solid tumour Oncology and Haematology adult patients unless otherwise specifically stated. ...
Drug Dosing Adjustments in Patients with Chronic Kidney
Drug Dosing Adjustments in Patients with Chronic Kidney

... glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for three months or longer. The K/DOQI chronic kidney disease staging system (Table 1) is based on GFR.1 Inappropriate dosing in patients with chronic kidney disease can cause toxicity or ineffective therapy. In particular, older patients are at a higher risk of deve ...
Genetic Polymorphisms Underlying Lung Cancer - J
Genetic Polymorphisms Underlying Lung Cancer - J

... risk irrespective of histological type. An association of functional polymorphisms in DNA repair/metabolic genes with the risk of squamous cell carcinoma, a major histological type developed in smokers, has been suggested, but it remains inconclusive. It was also suggested that an SNP in the TP53 tu ...
opioids 2006 - addiction education home
opioids 2006 - addiction education home

... of established significance in opioid addiction were examined. Extensive mu/delta colocalisation was observed in neuron-like cells in several regions. mu and kappa receptors were also often co-localised in neuron-like cell bodies in several regions. However, intense kappa immunoreactivity (ir) also ...
1 Sequential elimination of major-effect contributors
1 Sequential elimination of major-effect contributors

... major-effect loci based on their strong association with the phenotype in segregating populations. Although mapping strategies have been designed to detect minor-effect loci, many of these strategies have had poor success rates, potentially due to the confounding effects of major loci and epistasis. ...
Pharmacology of Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SRIs):
Pharmacology of Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SRIs):

... Incomplete recovery between 2 consecutive episodes (poor interepisode recovery) ƒ Dysthymia: chronic depression that lasts > 2 years ...
Molecular Pathology/Molecular Diagnostics/Genetic Testing
Molecular Pathology/Molecular Diagnostics/Genetic Testing

... Germ-line alterations in two genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, are associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Alterations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 explain many, but not all, of inherited forms of breast and ovarian cancer. With the identification of BRCA1 and BRCA2, it is now possible to test f ...
Product Monograph - AstraZeneca Canada
Product Monograph - AstraZeneca Canada

... ATACAND is contraindicated during pregnancy (see CONTRAINDICATIONS). Drugs that act directly on the RAAS can cause fetal and neonatal morbidity and death when administered to pregnant women. When pregnancy is detected, ATACAND should be discontinued as soon as possible. Epidemiological evidence rega ...
Timoptic-XE® timolol maleate ophthalmic gel forming solution
Timoptic-XE® timolol maleate ophthalmic gel forming solution

... of 5 or 50 mg/kg/day. An increased incidence of mammary adenocarcinomas in rodents has been associated with administration of several other therapeutic agents that elevate serum prolactin, but no correlation between serum prolactin levels and mammary tumors has been established in humans. Furthermor ...
Mendel: Understanding Inheritance
Mendel: Understanding Inheritance

... Let’s get the new vocabulary straight… • GENES - are the factors that control an inherited trait. • ALLELES – are the different forms of a gene. (the TALL and SHORT alleles are the 2 forms of the HEIGHT gene in pea plants) *We inherit one allele (or form of a gene) from our mom and one allele from o ...
Rational Drug Design Approach for Overcoming Drug Resistance
Rational Drug Design Approach for Overcoming Drug Resistance

... (S108N + C59R). This may be related to the cooperativity of interaction of the point-mutation sites in multiple mutants of P. falciparum DHFR.18 Cooperative interactions within the receptor target site clearly must be addressed in general, not just for DHFR, for rational drug design based on protein ...
- International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and
- International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and

... inducing substances in the peripheral tissues, prostaglandins and bradykinin were suggested to play an important role in the pain process20. Therefore it is likely that Parkinsonia aculeata Linn. leaves might suppress the formation of these substances. It has been widely accepted that Carrageenin-in ...
ASSESSMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY CONTROL AND EQUIVALENCE OF VARIOUS
ASSESSMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY CONTROL AND EQUIVALENCE OF VARIOUS

... Conclusion: Product quality is the key issue for selection between generics, but how quality is assessed by pharmacists or other health practitioners is not very clear. Price differential between generics does not necessarily mean poor quality for the cheaper brand. It is obvious from the study that ...
FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM SUSTAINED RELEASE
FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM SUSTAINED RELEASE

... Results: Formula (F9) showed the highest similarity with the reference marketed product and thus selected as the optimized formula. The release rate of DS from CW based matrix system was found to be affected by many factors including the concentration of the rate retarding polymer in the formula, ty ...
Interactions between antihypertensive drugs and
Interactions between antihypertensive drugs and

... agents with pharmacologic, pharmacokinetic and therapeutic differences among them.45 With respect to the classification, three groups are usually distinguished based on the existence of a sulfhydryl-, carboxyl- or phosphinyl-group.46 In general, there are not any relevant food-drug interactions desc ...
Cefalexin
Cefalexin

... 500-mg oral dose. If cefalexin is taken with food, absorption may be delayed, but the total amount absorbed is not appreciably altered. Up to 15% of a dose is bound to plasma proteins. The plasma half-life is about 1 hour; it increases with reduced renal function. Cefalexin is widely distributed in ...
word - Institute of Public Health
word - Institute of Public Health

... regardless of their own literacy skills. This work addresses two health information technology goals of the Department of Health and Human Services, connectivity that provides clinicians with up-to-date patient data and the promotion of patient involvement in care. Findings will provide a usable and ...
Training Curriculum on Drug Addiction Counseling Training Manual
Training Curriculum on Drug Addiction Counseling Training Manual

... Say: There are various drug classifications. These are somewhat arbitrary groupings, but they provide a useful reference tool for approximating relative drug effects, possible risks, and potential withdrawal features. The classification in this slide shows how these drugs affect the brain. Classific ...
news from chest - American College of Chest Physicians
news from chest - American College of Chest Physicians

... Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene) investigators reported in JAMA Internal Medicine. The findings imply that up to 35 million current and former smokers older than age 55 years in the United States may have some form of respiratory-related impairment associated with COPD that has gone undiagnos ...
Allele frequencies of AVPR1A and MAOA in the Afrikaner population
Allele frequencies of AVPR1A and MAOA in the Afrikaner population

... Afrikaner population (Figure 2) requires an explanation. We need to take into account that the founder effect was more severe for female individuals in the population9; despite an influx of male individuals, there was no such influx of female individuals.6,9 In addition, because male individuals con ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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