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Defining the biological bases of individual differences in musicality
Defining the biological bases of individual differences in musicality

... that is likely to have at least some basis in biology. Concomitantly, recent efforts to catalogue comprehensively the natural variability in modern human genomes have revealed a surprising degree of variation within populations, affecting virtually every genetic locus in some way [9,10]. Thus, human ...
Benzodiazepine usage in the North Eastern Health Board
Benzodiazepine usage in the North Eastern Health Board

... the benzodiazepine-related drugs zolpidem and zopiclone. The total average number of Defined Daily Doses (DDDs) per prescription items for all included drugs was for the period for 22 days supply. All the hypnotics had average number of DDDs per prescription higher than the recommend, for 14 days su ...
Chapter 4 () - The Kidney Foundation of Canada
Chapter 4 () - The Kidney Foundation of Canada

... disease. Some medications slow down the progression of kidney disease or manage the complications of kidney disease. Others reduce the risk of heart disease or stroke. It is very important to take your medications as prescribed and the information in this chapter focuses on helping you to do that. ...
osteogenesis imperfecta
osteogenesis imperfecta

... associated with osteogenesis imperfecta, but is not a prerequisite for the diagnosis. Indeed, the newer forms of osteogenesis imperfecta (types V, VI and VII) are not associated with type I collagen gene defects. Amongst the type I collagen gene mutations that can occur, missense base substitutions ...
Curcuminoid drug interactions
Curcuminoid drug interactions

... valuable in the prevention and treatment of many different degenerative diseases. As curcuminoids are often taken as supplements by some population groups, it may be asked whether this can lead to changes in the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of other drugs taken at the same time. It is partic ...
ASMQ brochure
ASMQ brochure

... actively engaged in manufacturing and exporting bulk drugs and finished products, and best known for manufacturing lowcost anti-AIDS drugs for HIV-positive patients in developing countries. Cipla has a wide portfolio with over 2,000 products ranging from cardiovascular to cancer, AIDS, malaria, asth ...
A comparison of intervention with losartan or captopril in acute
A comparison of intervention with losartan or captopril in acute

... Aim of study: Angiotensin-converting enzyme ŽACE. inhibitors prolong life, lower the progression of heart failure, and decrease the need for hospitalizations in patients after myocardial infarctions. It is still unclear whether these effects could also be achieved by blocking the angiotensin II ŽATI ...
Multifactorial Traits - U
Multifactorial Traits - U

... Census expanded racial classifications to include multiracial groups, but this led to confusion. In 2000, nearly 7 million people checked more than one box for race. About 800,000 people claimed to be both black and white, presumably because they have one parent of each race. An editorial on the cens ...
Studies of Retroviral Reverse Transcriptase and
Studies of Retroviral Reverse Transcriptase and

... molecules of likely therapeutic value remain to be exploited. Drug discovery and development is an expensive and time-consuming process. The average total cost per drug development varies between around US$ 1–2 billion, the typical development time is 10–15 years [5] and 98% of initially promising p ...
oculocutaneous albinism and analysis of tyrosinase gene in
oculocutaneous albinism and analysis of tyrosinase gene in

... Matsunaga, J., Dakeishi, M., Shimizu, H. and Tomita, Y.: R278TER and P431L mutations of the tyrosinase gene exist with tyrosinase-negative oculocutaneous albinism. J. Dermato!. Sci., 13, 134-139 (1996). Matsunaga, J., Tomita, Y. and Tagami, H.: Detection of point mutations in human tyrosinase gene b ...
MGI-Guidelines for Nomenclature of Genes, Genetic Markers
MGI-Guidelines for Nomenclature of Genes, Genetic Markers

... Historically, many gene families have been identified as fragments detected by hybridization to the same probe but which map to different loci. These family members may be functional genes or pseudogenes. The loci can be named "related sequence" of the founder gene with a serial number (symbol -rs1, ...
Using Arrays to Quickly Perform Fuzzy Merge Look-ups: Case Studies in Efficiency
Using Arrays to Quickly Perform Fuzzy Merge Look-ups: Case Studies in Efficiency

... A fuzzy merge occurs when there is no clear key for matching observations between two or more data sets. This is an especially common problem when one of the matching variables is a date or datetime value. If the key variable is only measured to say the nearest minute, there is a high likelihood tha ...
Recent advances in Endophthalmitis Management
Recent advances in Endophthalmitis Management

... better outcomes of infection. Povidone iodine 5% to the ocular surface and 5-10% to the periocular skin, applied for a minimum of 3 minutes, has become the standard of care. The ESCRS document ‘Guidelines for prevention and treatment of endophthalmitis following cataract surgery’ (2013) discusses in ...
Mass versus molar doses, similarities and
Mass versus molar doses, similarities and

... plasma levels of triglycerides and is usually associated with a moderate decrease in LDL cholesterol and an increase in HDL cholesterol concentrations (Staels et al. 1998). Fibrates also appear to have a beneficial effect on the insulin resistance featured by the metabolic syndrome (Wysocki et al. 2 ...
Enzymes
Enzymes

... physicochemical properties, it should be possible to calculate in advance what the biological activity of a novel analogue might be. ...
Cardiac Arrest and Therapeutic Hypothermia Decrease Isoform
Cardiac Arrest and Therapeutic Hypothermia Decrease Isoform

... University of Pittsburgh Animal Care and Use Committee. Male SpragueDawley rats (300 –350 g) were purchased from Hilltop Laboratories (Scottdale, PA). The animals were maintained on a 12-h light/dark cycle and were allowed free access to food and water. All animals were acclimated for 1 week before ...
Genetic determination of yield related attributes in Brassica napus
Genetic determination of yield related attributes in Brassica napus

A Dangerous Loophole in the Process for FDA Approval of New
A Dangerous Loophole in the Process for FDA Approval of New

... tobacco product can be introduced to the market.2 In theory, this gatekeeping role for the FDA should allow it to prevent those products with the most potential to harm public health from ever making it to retail store shelves. However, the tobacco industry has exploited a loophole that allowed it t ...
Cataflam® Voltaren® Voltaren
Cataflam® Voltaren® Voltaren

... Diclofenac, like other NSAIDs, shows interindividual differences in both pharmacokinetics and clinical response (pharmacodynamics). Consequently, the recommended strategy for initiating therapy is to use a starting dose likely to be effective for the majority of patients and to adjust dosage thereaf ...
FDA IMPORT REQUIREMENTS AND BEST PRACTICES FOR
FDA IMPORT REQUIREMENTS AND BEST PRACTICES FOR

... PREDICT is the FDA’s Predictive Risk-based Evaluation for Dynamic Import Compliance Targeting tool; which is integrated within the MARCS entry review system. Its intent is to prevent the entry of adulterated, misbranded, or otherwise violative goods while expediting the entry of compliant goods. PRE ...
Heredity Notes
Heredity Notes

... passing through generations. He was first to use probability in plant science. Mendel’s work was forgotten for many years, but when more scientists came across his work in their research and came to the same conclusions, he became known as the father of genetics. ...
Page 1 of 39 KEPPRA (levetiracetam) Rx only 250 mg, 500 mg, 750
Page 1 of 39 KEPPRA (levetiracetam) Rx only 250 mg, 500 mg, 750

... Tmax by 1.5 hours. The pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam are linear over the dose range of 5005000 mg. Steady state is achieved after 2 days of multiple twice-daily dosing. Levetiracetam and its major metabolite are less than 10% bound to plasma proteins; clinically significant interactions with oth ...
Treatment of Hepatitis C in Patients with HIV
Treatment of Hepatitis C in Patients with HIV

... therapy have demonstrated comparable rates of sustained virologic response in coinfected and monoinfected patients (Figure 4), providing convincing evidence that coinfected patients may no longer require the designation of a special or “treatment refractory” population. It should be noted that these ...
VI. The relationship between genotype and phenotype is rarely simple
VI. The relationship between genotype and phenotype is rarely simple

... lecture, understand the text and solve problems. It is more economical to recognize this fact and just begin with some "definitions you should know". Once that is done, you can use the terms in context during the lecture and focus attention on the major points rather than on defining terms. 2. Demon ...
The Effect of Guideline Implementation Strategies on Akathisia
The Effect of Guideline Implementation Strategies on Akathisia

... Baseline and Six-Month Follow-up Research Interviews. The site principal investigator and site RA were responsible for identifying eligible subjects at each site. The site PI was specifically responsible for verifying that patients met the diagnostic criteria for the study. Once the RA obtained info ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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