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Naltrexone potentiates anti-HIV-1 activity of antiretroviral drugs in
Naltrexone potentiates anti-HIV-1 activity of antiretroviral drugs in

... CD4+ T lymphocytes are the primary cell target for human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), and these cells are known to express opioid receptors. Due to the need for new treatment approaches to HIV-1 infection, we sought to determine whether the non-selective opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone wo ...
Target Regimen Profiles for TB Treatment
Target Regimen Profiles for TB Treatment

... assist drug regimen developers in identifying important regimen features and aligning these with patient and programmatic needs at country level. Aimed at the pharmaceutical industry, research institutions, product development partnerships, donors, nongovernmental organizations and civil society org ...
basal insulin
basal insulin

... Insulin must be given to prevent birth defects Usually subsides after delivery 30% of patients may develop Type 2 DM within 10 to 15 years ...
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION ------------------------------CONTRAINDICATIONS-------------------------------
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION ------------------------------CONTRAINDICATIONS-------------------------------

... Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, including fatal cases, have been reported with the use of nucleoside analogues alone or in combination, including didanosine and other antiretrovirals. A majority of these cases have been in women. Obesity and prolonged nucleoside exposure may ...
Quantitative inheritance
Quantitative inheritance

... make up genotypic value of an individual  Genotypic value = the value of the animal’s genes to its own performance  During reproduction, an animal passes an allele from each locus to its offspring (progeny)  Which one is passed to is at random  This makes each offspring to inherit a different se ...
The practice of digoxin therapeutic drug monitoring - BN6Team-10
The practice of digoxin therapeutic drug monitoring - BN6Team-10

... how high the concentration is, and the half-life of digoxin in that patient. In a patient with normal renal function (half-life approximately 30 h) and a concentration of 3.0 nmol/l, the digoxin should be withheld for 1–2 days before restarting at the appropriately altered dose, as this will allow t ...
Zantac™ Syrup Zantac™ Tablets
Zantac™ Syrup Zantac™ Tablets

... Ranitidine has the potential to affect the absorption, metabolism or renal excretion of other drugs. The altered pharmacokinetics may necessitate dosage adjustment of the affected drug or discontinuation of treatment. Interactions occur by several mechanisms including: 1) Inhibition of cytochrome P4 ...
QA_18_6_AmlodipinevsfelodipineAUG_15_FINAL
QA_18_6_AmlodipinevsfelodipineAUG_15_FINAL

... resistance. (4) This Medicines Q&A aims to review the data available to assist decision-making when choosing and switching between the two agents. ...
Chloral hydrate has general CNS depressant effects believed to be
Chloral hydrate has general CNS depressant effects believed to be

... Ophthalmologic: Chloral hydrate has produced oculotoxicities manifesting as ptosis, allergic conjunctivitis or keratoconjunctivitis. Other: Increases in middle ear pressure in infants and children have been reported. Overdose: Symptoms: Acute poisoning resembles barbiturate intoxication, producing ...
Quantitative genetics of gene expression during fruit fly - EMBL-EBI
Quantitative genetics of gene expression during fruit fly - EMBL-EBI

... Abstract Over the last ten years, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been used to identify genetic variants associated with many diseases as well as quantitative phenotypes, by exploiting naturally occurring genetic variation in large cohorts of individuals. More recently, the GWAS approa ...
Guidelines for Monitoring and Management of Pediatric Patients
Guidelines for Monitoring and Management of Pediatric Patients

... of Anesthesiologists (ASA), the AAP, and the AAPD will use similar language to define sedation categories and the expected physiologic responses.41–44 This revised statement reflects the current understanding of appropriate monitoring needs both during and after sedation for a procedure.4,5,12,19,21 ...
safety and pharmacokinetics of a preservative-free
safety and pharmacokinetics of a preservative-free

... (clinical examination, serial electroretinography, and histopathologic analysis) was evaluated in a separate group of animals after intravitreal TA-PF injection. Results: The half-lives of the injection amount in the vitreous, 4-mg TA-PF, 16-mg TA-PF, and 4-mg Kenalog, were found to be 24 days, 39 d ...
Macrolides and associated antibiotics based on similar mechanism
Macrolides and associated antibiotics based on similar mechanism

Re v. 07/14 5812 Lisinopril Tablets USP FULL PRESCRIBING
Re v. 07/14 5812 Lisinopril Tablets USP FULL PRESCRIBING

... populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pres ...
Oral Candidiasis
Oral Candidiasis

... will be discussed later. Systemic immunosuppressive medication, used to treat autoimmune, inflammatory, and neoplastic disorders, will increase susceptibility to infection (5). For this reason, hospitalized cancer patients are especially at risk for developing severe oral candidiasis, as well as dan ...
Tamsulosin and dry mouth Introduction Reports
Tamsulosin and dry mouth Introduction Reports

... pruritus generalised hydrochlorothiazide ...
Overcoming toxicity and side-effects of lipid
Overcoming toxicity and side-effects of lipid

... occurrence of kidney injury. In fact, there is some evidence of a potential benefit of statin therapy with regard to renal function [5]. Neurologic effects Concerns for neurologic effects of statins can be broadly divided into those pertaining to the central nervous system (CNS) and those pertaining ...
Ocular Side Effects of Sildenafil: A Prospective Study
Ocular Side Effects of Sildenafil: A Prospective Study

... areas of the retina, and can also cause subconjunctival hemorrhages.4 However, a recent study found that there is “lack of conclusive evidence to indicate a direct causeeffect relationship between phosphodiesterase enzyme type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor use and vision-threatening ocular events. Men who use ...
Zerit_1212_515US12PBS00101wip3.indd 1 1/3/13 1:24 PM
Zerit_1212_515US12PBS00101wip3.indd 1 1/3/13 1:24 PM

... with known risk factors for liver disease; however, cases of lactic acidosis have also been reported in patients with no known risk factors. Generalized fatigue, digestive symptoms (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and unexplained weight loss); respiratory symptoms (tachypnea and dyspnea); or neuro ...
Apolipoprotein E Allele Distribution in Trisomy
Apolipoprotein E Allele Distribution in Trisomy

... of the cases results live birth, and most of these infants usually die within the first year of life. Among trisomy 21 conceptuses, approximately 15% of the cases result in live birth, and the first-year mortality rate also is quite high. In addition, of the children who survive the first year of li ...
Definition of Hazardous Drugs
Definition of Hazardous Drugs

efficacy of topiramate in migraine prophylaxis
efficacy of topiramate in migraine prophylaxis

... may involve cortical spreading depression and the similar rate of decrease in regional cerebral blood flow observed in migraine patients with aura.1 Traditionally, migraine patients have been treated with valproate or carbamazepine as migraine prophylaxis. Although these agents offer headache relief ...
Administration of Medications - Association of New Brunswick
Administration of Medications - Association of New Brunswick

... administration. Nursing assessments should be based on pharmacology references and medication administration guidelines. Indications: The reason the medication is prescribed. Nursing Assessment: Does this make sense for the client’s condition? Contraindications: Reasons a medication should NOT be pr ...
prescribing information xylocaine® ointment 5%
prescribing information xylocaine® ointment 5%

... Lidocaine should be used with caution in patients with sepsis and/or traumatized mucosa at the area of application, since under such conditions there is the potential for rapid systemic absorption. XYLOCAINE Ointment 5% (lidocaine) should be used with caution in children under the age of 2 as there ...
CELEXA PM MKT Control 149419 10Jan2012 En
CELEXA PM MKT Control 149419 10Jan2012 En

... paraesthesia), sleep disturbances (including insomnia and intense dreams), agitation or anxiety, nausea and/or vomiting, tremor and headache are the most commonly reported reactions. Generally, these symptoms are mild to moderate; however, in some patients they may be severe in intensity. They usual ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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