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psychoactive substances
psychoactive substances

... around drugs laws. Psychoactive Substances are sold with some ingredients not listed, no ingredients listed at all or ingredients with any information available. The high level of danger these substances have and may cause to human health is causing concern across the country. The ingredients in pro ...
Rx Only Cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride Extended
Rx Only Cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride Extended

... recommended human dose, pale, sometimes enlarged, livers were noted and there was a dose-related hepatocyte vacuolation with lipidosis. In the higher dose groups, this microscopic change was seen after 26 weeks and even earlier in rats that died prior to 26 weeks; at lower doses, the change was not ...
The role of benzoyl peroxide in the management of acne vulgaris
The role of benzoyl peroxide in the management of acne vulgaris

... since follicular keratinocytes in acne are known to be deficient in the essential fatty acid linolenic acid, this could provide the necessary trigger for the increased production of IL-1a. If these studies are correct, it might explain the action of many anti-inflammatory acne therapies and strength ...
Carbidopa_Levodopa Fair
Carbidopa_Levodopa Fair

... between 70 and 100 mg a day. Patients receiving less than this amount of carbidopa are more likely to experience nausea and vomiting. Standard antiparkinsonian drugs, other than levodopa alone, may be continued while carbidopa/levodopa is being administered, although their dosage may have to be adju ...
Public Assessment Report Decentralised Procedure Levofloxacin 250 mg and 500 mg Film-coated
Public Assessment Report Decentralised Procedure Levofloxacin 250 mg and 500 mg Film-coated

... Some undesirable effects (e.g. dizziness/vertigo, drowsiness, visual disturbances) may impair the patient's ability to concentrate and react, and therefore may constitute a risk in situations where these abilities are of special importance (e.g. driving a car or operating machinery). ...
Cluster   h eadache  and   o... t rigemino -  a utonomic   c ephalgias
Cluster h eadache and o... t rigemino - a utonomic c ephalgias

... 0.3 and 1.2 mmol/l [67]. Regular control of liver, renal, and thyroid function and of electrolytes is required. Major side effects are hypothyroidosis, tremor, and renal dysfunction. Lithium is commonly used in cluster headache. This is, however, based on very small and open studies with the evidenc ...
EFNS guideline on the drug treatment of migraine
EFNS guideline on the drug treatment of migraine

... or only a little more effective than ASA. In about 60% of nonresponders to NSAID, triptans are effective [46]. Sumatriptan 6 mg subcutaneously is more effective than intravenous ASA 1000 mg s.c. but has more side effects [47]. Triptans can be effective at any time during a migraine attack. However, there ...
Cocaine and the critical care challenge
Cocaine and the critical care challenge

... tion potential and can slow the conduction rate of the action potential; this may cause cardiac dysrhythmias and sudden death (8, 14). In the mesolimbic and mesocortical areas of the brain, cocaine blocks the dopamine uptake pump and impairs dopamine reuptake into the presynaptic neurons, which resu ...
21 Psychostimulants in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
21 Psychostimulants in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

... combined use (29). A particularly common concomitant psychotropic medication combination for youths has been methylphenidate and clonidine. Estimates from a national pharmaceutical market source found that 41% of surveyed youths in 1994–1995 who were receiving methylphenidate were also receiving clo ...
BuPROPion Hydrochloride Extended
BuPROPion Hydrochloride Extended

... Oxidation of the bupropion side chain results in the formation of a glycine conjugate of meta-chlorobenzoic acid, which is then excreted as the major urinary metabolite. The potency and toxicity of the metabolites relative to bupropion have not been fully characterized. However, it has been demonstr ...
Hepatotoxicity in rats induced by aqueous extract of
Hepatotoxicity in rats induced by aqueous extract of

... and THSG increased the expression of protein phosphatase2A (PP-2A) and microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP-2) in the hippocampus of model rats, PMR was suggested to have the potential for antiaging such as Alzheimer’s disease treatment [4, 5]. PMR polysaccharide was reported to have a significant ...
Hydrocortisone, Hydrocortisone Acetate, Hydrocortisone
Hydrocortisone, Hydrocortisone Acetate, Hydrocortisone

... corticosteroid preparation or oral administration of a corticosteroid should be considered. Dosage for infants and children should be based on the severity of the disease and the response of the patient rather than on strict adherence to dosage indicated by age, body weight, or body surface area. Af ...
SCIENTIFIC DISCUSSION
SCIENTIFIC DISCUSSION

... the recent introduction of several new AEDs has considerably increased the number of possible combinations. The rational basis for combining AEDs is largely based upon their modes of action, although these mechanisms are not fully understood for some drugs. The efficacy of the newer AEDs in adjuncti ...
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION These
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION These

... VIREAD Package Insert]. Therefore, adjust the dosing interval of TRUVADA in HIV-1 infected adult patients with baseline creatinine clearance 30–49 mL/min using the recommendations in Table 2. These dosing interval recommendations are based on modeling of single-dose pharmacokinetic data in non-HIV i ...
Truvada - Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Truvada - Gilead Sciences, Inc.

... ------------------------DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION---------------------Treatment of HIV-1 Infection (2.1)  Recommended dose in adults and pediatric patients weighing greater than or equal to 35 kg: One TRUVADA tablet (containing 200 mg/300 mg of emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) once ...
Untitled - DONA™, The Original Glucosamine Sulfate
Untitled - DONA™, The Original Glucosamine Sulfate

... CGS is a highly safe product. The incidence of adverse events and related withdrawals is similar to that of the placebo and significantly lower that that of NSAIDs. Therapeutic doses of CGS do not affect glucose metabolism. Moreover, because CGS does not interfere with absorption mechanisms and is n ...
dshea`s failure: why a proactive approach to dietary supplement
dshea`s failure: why a proactive approach to dietary supplement

... In 1994, Congress enacted the Dietary Supplement Heath and Education Act (DSHEA), the first distinct regulatory scheme for dietary supplements sold in the United States. Although DSHEA is a congressional milestone as the first act to specifically address dietary supplements, it remains inadequate. D ...
olanzapine - PsychSearch
olanzapine - PsychSearch

... 10 mg). The efficacy of each strategy was assessed using the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) Improvement scale, Patient's Global Impressions (PGI) improvement scale and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PNSS). These scoring systems showed that immediate initiation of olanzapine with gradual di ...
Annex 1 - Emcdda
Annex 1 - Emcdda

... the United States and Australia, indicate that sympathomimetic features including tachycardia, agitation, hallucinations, hypertension and seizures were commonly encountered. There are no data from animal or human studies on the dependence liability of 25I-NBOMe. There have been 2 deaths reported by ...
Effects of Long Acting Methylphenidate on Ghrelin Levels in Male
Effects of Long Acting Methylphenidate on Ghrelin Levels in Male

... / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and have been shown in many studies to significantly reduce the symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity that characterize this disorder. Methylphenidate is the most common stimulant prescribed for managing ADHD symptoms 1 . Methylphenidate inhibits dopa ...
chapter 7
chapter 7

... • Tablets may vary in size, shape, weight, hardness, thickness, disintegration, and dissolution characteristics and in other aspects, depending on their intended use and method of manufacture. • Tablets can be administered orally, sublingually, buccally, or vaginally. • Tablets are ...
Cordyceps - Aloha Medicinals
Cordyceps - Aloha Medicinals

... become increasingly apparent that the potential medicinal benefits of C. sinensis are, in fact, not related to only one species. Of the many different varieties of Cordyceps, those presently being cultivated for medicinal purposes and use in health supplements include C. sinensis, C. militaris, C. so ...
AERIUS® AERIUS KIDS®
AERIUS® AERIUS KIDS®

... In separate single dose studies, at the recommended doses, pediatric patients had comparable AUC and Cmax values of desloratadine to those in adults who received a 5 mg dose of desloratadine syrup or tablets. Distribution: No information available. Metabolism: Desloratadine is extensively metabolize ...
Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Oral Solution
Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Oral Solution

... Read the Medication Guide that comes with methylphenidate hydrochloride oral solution before you or your child starts taking it and each time you get a refill. There may be new information. This Medication Guide does not take the place of talking to your doctor about your or your child’s treatment w ...
Ewrramt~amm=nts I
Ewrramt~amm=nts I

... aspirin might prevent coronary thrombosis. He called for more research, but work in this field did not take off until the late 1970s. Aspinn is known to increase bleeding time and to impair platelet aggregation. Since platelets play a role in strokes and heart attacks, it seemed possible that aspiri ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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