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Unit 6: Ecology
Unit 6: Ecology

... It is a scientific fact that environments will change over time. This is called ecological succession. Every species modifies its environment. Other organisms must adapt to these changes in order to survive. Examples of succession: 1. bare rock  weathered to soil  vegetation such as grasses and sh ...
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... animals and plants. Theophrastus described interrelationships between animals and their environment as early as the 4th century BC. Ecology developed substantially in the 18th and 19th century. ...
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Ecology - My eCoach

Ecology, biosphere, species, population, community, ecosystem
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... • Invasive introduced species can affect native species through competition, predation, disease, parasitism, and habitat destruction. • Introduced invasive species compete against native species for essential resources, such as food and habitat. • Prey often does not have adaptations to escape or fi ...
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1.2 PowerPoint - WordPress.com
1.2 PowerPoint - WordPress.com

... Niches, Competition and Predation • A niche refers to the role an organism has within an ecosystem, physically, chemically and biologically. Coyotes compete over • Competition occurs when a resource is habitat or food sources. needed by two or more individuals.  Competition usually means resources ...
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... They are categorized into the following: – Communities are the living parts of an ecosystem that live and interact with each other. – Populations• Group of organisms of the same species that live together. ...
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... • Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms. • Factors that limit one population directly may also have an indirect affect on other populations. ...
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• Biodiversity refers to the number and variety of species on Earth

... volcano erupted in 1980, it devastated an entire mountain of life; however, there was one mammal that survived. A small furry gopher species had tunneled underground and eventually found its way to the surface, after the lava cooled. Because this small gopher has adaptations such as fast burrowing c ...
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Ecology



Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.
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