Exam 2 Terms List
... K1/ 12>K2 and K2/ 21>K1: neither species can contain the other—stable coexistence (in other words, a population must inhibit its own growth more than it inhibits others for coexistence to occur) o in the absence of interspecific competition, both populations grow sigmoidally (remember Verhuls ...
... K1/ 12>K2 and K2/ 21>K1: neither species can contain the other—stable coexistence (in other words, a population must inhibit its own growth more than it inhibits others for coexistence to occur) o in the absence of interspecific competition, both populations grow sigmoidally (remember Verhuls ...
Ecology in Global Scenarios - Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
... dynamics. Environmental changes, as distinct from ecosystem dynamics, are incorporated in many existing global scenarios. They are explicitly included in the biodiversity scenarios of Sala et al. (2000) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s global climate change scenarios (Watson and T ...
... dynamics. Environmental changes, as distinct from ecosystem dynamics, are incorporated in many existing global scenarios. They are explicitly included in the biodiversity scenarios of Sala et al. (2000) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s global climate change scenarios (Watson and T ...
For-75: An Ecosystem Approach to natural Resources Management
... values differ by community. It means examining how social beliefs and values have developed from cultural traditions and group experiences and the resulting management and use of resources. Finally, it involves incorporating social science research information that might provide insight into how dif ...
... values differ by community. It means examining how social beliefs and values have developed from cultural traditions and group experiences and the resulting management and use of resources. Finally, it involves incorporating social science research information that might provide insight into how dif ...
Long-term ecological dynamics: reciprocal
... gradients that have been used for this purpose. It is important to note that human influence on natural landscapes has been so pervasive that it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between ‘natural’ and anthropogenically induced dynamics. Here we use the word natural in a broad sense, referring to ...
... gradients that have been used for this purpose. It is important to note that human influence on natural landscapes has been so pervasive that it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between ‘natural’ and anthropogenically induced dynamics. Here we use the word natural in a broad sense, referring to ...
20-Seminars
... pore-water content, temperature, food availability, sedimentation rate, substrate consistency, turbidity, and predation found in a particular environment • sediment characteristics define what organisms can survive in the environment – Biodiversity: describes the sum total variation of life forms in ...
... pore-water content, temperature, food availability, sedimentation rate, substrate consistency, turbidity, and predation found in a particular environment • sediment characteristics define what organisms can survive in the environment – Biodiversity: describes the sum total variation of life forms in ...
Population Ecology
... questions and problems, some of which the interested reader may pursue in the works listed in the references and further reading. But despite this admittedly less than comprehensive treatment of the philosophical issues in population ecology, those I address will give a sense of the flavor of the ph ...
... questions and problems, some of which the interested reader may pursue in the works listed in the references and further reading. But despite this admittedly less than comprehensive treatment of the philosophical issues in population ecology, those I address will give a sense of the flavor of the ph ...
Summary of Stakeholder (CWMOS) Content for Steering Group at 03
... 1) there is a very strong and widespread sentiment that full preservation of the status quo is a minimum threshold, and that no further loss of biodiversity, habitat, natural systems etc should be permissible in light of the losses which have already occurred and the sacrifices already made in favou ...
... 1) there is a very strong and widespread sentiment that full preservation of the status quo is a minimum threshold, and that no further loss of biodiversity, habitat, natural systems etc should be permissible in light of the losses which have already occurred and the sacrifices already made in favou ...
Chapter 8: Evolution and Natural Selection
... individuals with traits most suited to reproduction in their environment generally leave more offspring than individuals with other ...
... individuals with traits most suited to reproduction in their environment generally leave more offspring than individuals with other ...
If you put your cursor over a text box, it will be an arrow
... Bacteria that live in the digestive system of cows and produce a chemical that aids in digestion would be this type of ...
... Bacteria that live in the digestive system of cows and produce a chemical that aids in digestion would be this type of ...
Changes in Ecosystems: Ecological Succession
... Changes in Ecosystems The processes of succession are ALWAYS ...
... Changes in Ecosystems The processes of succession are ALWAYS ...
Biodiversity and the Functioning of Selected Terrestrial Ecosystems
... BIODIVERSITY: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION – Vol. I - Biodiversity and the Functioning of Selected Terrestrial Ecosystems: Agricultural Systems - A. Wilby, M. B. Thomas ...
... BIODIVERSITY: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION – Vol. I - Biodiversity and the Functioning of Selected Terrestrial Ecosystems: Agricultural Systems - A. Wilby, M. B. Thomas ...
The University of Chicago
... modeled by Leigh (1981). Observing that overspecializationis a process operatingbetween two levels, individualand species, Gould suggestedthatoverspecializationmaybe "a central evolutionaryphenomenonthathas failedto gain the attentionit deserves" (1982, p. 385). As he remarked,it is usuallydismissed ...
... modeled by Leigh (1981). Observing that overspecializationis a process operatingbetween two levels, individualand species, Gould suggestedthatoverspecializationmaybe "a central evolutionaryphenomenonthathas failedto gain the attentionit deserves" (1982, p. 385). As he remarked,it is usuallydismissed ...
Biology
... or different species attempt to use an ecological resource in the same place at the same time. A resource is any necessity of life, such as water, nutrients, light, food, or space. ...
... or different species attempt to use an ecological resource in the same place at the same time. A resource is any necessity of life, such as water, nutrients, light, food, or space. ...
Vegetation change: a reunifying concept in plant ecology
... facilitation and inhibition, as well as interactions with species from other trophic levels, strongly influence vegetation change; and fifth, in all cases, changes in community composition affect, and are affected by, ecosystem processes (Fig. 1). Essentially, these four research areas focus on differ ...
... facilitation and inhibition, as well as interactions with species from other trophic levels, strongly influence vegetation change; and fifth, in all cases, changes in community composition affect, and are affected by, ecosystem processes (Fig. 1). Essentially, these four research areas focus on differ ...
Can We Guarantee the Safety of Genetically Engineered Organisms
... more complex than anticipated range from simple results of ecological research to the consequences of major human activities. Predators were not considered to control grasshopper numbers,10,11 but studies have shown that each year 20 to 50% of the grasshoppers are eaten by birds and predatory insec ...
... more complex than anticipated range from simple results of ecological research to the consequences of major human activities. Predators were not considered to control grasshopper numbers,10,11 but studies have shown that each year 20 to 50% of the grasshoppers are eaten by birds and predatory insec ...
Vegetation change: a reunifying concept in plant ecology
... facilitation and inhibition, as well as interactions with species from other trophic levels, strongly influence vegetation change; and fifth, in all cases, changes in community composition affect, and are affected by, ecosystem processes (Fig. 1). Essentially, these four research areas focus on differ ...
... facilitation and inhibition, as well as interactions with species from other trophic levels, strongly influence vegetation change; and fifth, in all cases, changes in community composition affect, and are affected by, ecosystem processes (Fig. 1). Essentially, these four research areas focus on differ ...
Vegetation change: a reunifying concept in plant ecology ARTICLE IN PRESS
... facilitation and inhibition, as well as interactions with species from other trophic levels, strongly influence vegetation change; and fifth, in all cases, changes in community composition affect, and are affected by, ecosystem processes (Fig. 1). Essentially, these four research areas focus on differ ...
... facilitation and inhibition, as well as interactions with species from other trophic levels, strongly influence vegetation change; and fifth, in all cases, changes in community composition affect, and are affected by, ecosystem processes (Fig. 1). Essentially, these four research areas focus on differ ...
Interaction strengths in food webs - Centre for Biodiversity Theory
... by the term ‘interaction strength’. Here, we describe the various ways in which this term has been applied and discuss the implications of loose terminology and definition for the development of this field. 3. Of particular concern is the clear gap between theoretical and empirical investigations of ...
... by the term ‘interaction strength’. Here, we describe the various ways in which this term has been applied and discuss the implications of loose terminology and definition for the development of this field. 3. Of particular concern is the clear gap between theoretical and empirical investigations of ...
Interaction strengths in food webs
... by the term ‘interaction strength’. Here, we describe the various ways in which this term has been applied and discuss the implications of loose terminology and definition for the development of this field. 3. Of particular concern is the clear gap between theoretical and empirical investigations of ...
... by the term ‘interaction strength’. Here, we describe the various ways in which this term has been applied and discuss the implications of loose terminology and definition for the development of this field. 3. Of particular concern is the clear gap between theoretical and empirical investigations of ...
Rivers and Wetlands: A Common Assessment Approach
... Compatibility • Costs, Benefits, and Cost-Effectiveness ...
... Compatibility • Costs, Benefits, and Cost-Effectiveness ...
Population Growth and Regulation
... • There is often a lag between prey availability and changes in predator numbers – Overshoots in predator numbers may cause predator-prey population cycles – Predator and prey population numbers alternate cycles of growth and decline ...
... • There is often a lag between prey availability and changes in predator numbers – Overshoots in predator numbers may cause predator-prey population cycles – Predator and prey population numbers alternate cycles of growth and decline ...
Carrying Capacity, Exponential Growth, and Resource Wars
... planet, on which the human population is destroying natural systems (its ecological life support system) at an unprecedented rate, be eager to continue exponential growth in both population and per capita resource consumption? Why, when half the world’s population has inadequate food, shelter, educa ...
... planet, on which the human population is destroying natural systems (its ecological life support system) at an unprecedented rate, be eager to continue exponential growth in both population and per capita resource consumption? Why, when half the world’s population has inadequate food, shelter, educa ...
Ch 2: Student Powerpoint File
... There is very ___________energy left over for growth or increase in Ninety percent of this mouse’s food energy is used to maintain its life functions. biomass. See page 63 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 ...
... There is very ___________energy left over for growth or increase in Ninety percent of this mouse’s food energy is used to maintain its life functions. biomass. See page 63 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 ...
Rapid evolution as an ecological process
... of a narrow range of morphological variables over a wide range of timescales; and because rapid evolution over thousands of years is invisible in the fossil record. Organisms that evolved this rapidly would probably not be recognized as the same species in different geologic strata. Rates in darwins ...
... of a narrow range of morphological variables over a wide range of timescales; and because rapid evolution over thousands of years is invisible in the fossil record. Organisms that evolved this rapidly would probably not be recognized as the same species in different geologic strata. Rates in darwins ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.