File
... 15) If wolves pray on deer for food, what will most likely happen to the deer population if the wolves are removed from an area where deer live? a) the population of deer will increase b) the population of deer will decrease c) the population of deer will remain the same d) the population of deer wi ...
... 15) If wolves pray on deer for food, what will most likely happen to the deer population if the wolves are removed from an area where deer live? a) the population of deer will increase b) the population of deer will decrease c) the population of deer will remain the same d) the population of deer wi ...
CH - NIMBioS
... 2. What TECHNOLOGY do I use? 3. Example of a project 4. Motivation: Why I use (or want to use) the individual-based ...
... 2. What TECHNOLOGY do I use? 3. Example of a project 4. Motivation: Why I use (or want to use) the individual-based ...
Miller, B., B. Dugelby, D. Foreman, C. Martinex del Rio, R. Noss, M
... How carnivores impact ecosystem health When people discuss ecological interactions that determine abundance, distribution, and diversity across trophic levels, they often talk about top-down or bottom-up control. In the ecological sense, control means a qualitative or quantitative effect on ecosyste ...
... How carnivores impact ecosystem health When people discuss ecological interactions that determine abundance, distribution, and diversity across trophic levels, they often talk about top-down or bottom-up control. In the ecological sense, control means a qualitative or quantitative effect on ecosyste ...
Body size in ecological networks
... and, by extension, of entire ecological networks. Measuring body size might therefore offer a convenient way to collapse a suite of covarying species traits into a single dimension, without necessarily having to observe the traits directly. Here, we describe body-size effects in ecological networks ...
... and, by extension, of entire ecological networks. Measuring body size might therefore offer a convenient way to collapse a suite of covarying species traits into a single dimension, without necessarily having to observe the traits directly. Here, we describe body-size effects in ecological networks ...
Trophic level
... Trophic position – trophic height of species. Considers diet and energy flow pathways. Species can fall between trophic levels. Omnivory – feeding on more than one trophic level ...
... Trophic position – trophic height of species. Considers diet and energy flow pathways. Species can fall between trophic levels. Omnivory – feeding on more than one trophic level ...
Recent challenges to natural selection
... bulldogs—appears to indicate that many new species or traits can appear in as few as 1–3 generations.11 This is difficult to explain in either the Darwinian or Neo-Darwinian concepts of natural selection, in which adaptation is a process by which nature selects small, favourable variations and slowl ...
... bulldogs—appears to indicate that many new species or traits can appear in as few as 1–3 generations.11 This is difficult to explain in either the Darwinian or Neo-Darwinian concepts of natural selection, in which adaptation is a process by which nature selects small, favourable variations and slowl ...
Theme 1: Survival - Willmar Public Schools
... population is essential for evolution to occur. * Explain how competition for finite resources and the changing environment promotes natural selection on offspring survival, depending on whether the offspring have characteristics that are advantageous or disadvantageous in the new environment. * Exp ...
... population is essential for evolution to occur. * Explain how competition for finite resources and the changing environment promotes natural selection on offspring survival, depending on whether the offspring have characteristics that are advantageous or disadvantageous in the new environment. * Exp ...
Modern lessons from ancient food webs
... to gauge how they respond to known large-scale changes in the environment. Much like other kinds of real-world networks including social groups and www.americanscientist.org ...
... to gauge how they respond to known large-scale changes in the environment. Much like other kinds of real-world networks including social groups and www.americanscientist.org ...
AP BIOLOGY SUMMER ASSIGNMENT 2013
... 6. A population of Spotted Fritillary butterflies exhibits logistic growth. If the carrying capacity is 500 butterflies and r = 0.1 individuals/(individuals x month), what is the maximum population growth rate for the population? (Hint: maximum population growth rate occurs when N = K/2). ...
... 6. A population of Spotted Fritillary butterflies exhibits logistic growth. If the carrying capacity is 500 butterflies and r = 0.1 individuals/(individuals x month), what is the maximum population growth rate for the population? (Hint: maximum population growth rate occurs when N = K/2). ...
Population Dynamics, Carrying Capacity
... high mortality is late in life; • constant loss (such as songbirds), in which mortality is about the same for any age; • early loss (usually r– strategists), in which high mortality is early in life. ...
... high mortality is late in life; • constant loss (such as songbirds), in which mortality is about the same for any age; • early loss (usually r– strategists), in which high mortality is early in life. ...
Environmental Science
... T5CC2PO1 - Analyze current extraction and purification methods to include the following factors: costs, environmental degradation, ease of extraction. T5CC3PO1 - Compare and contrast the current amount of fossil fuel available in the world and the global demand. T5CC4PO1 - Identify how synfuels are ...
... T5CC2PO1 - Analyze current extraction and purification methods to include the following factors: costs, environmental degradation, ease of extraction. T5CC3PO1 - Compare and contrast the current amount of fossil fuel available in the world and the global demand. T5CC4PO1 - Identify how synfuels are ...
Land Use, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Integrity
... families, orders, classes, phyla, and kingdoms. Organisms in different phyla differ from one another vastly more than do different species in, for instance, the same family. At these higher levels, marine life is far more diverse, containing twothirds of all the world's phyla and classes. There is a ...
... families, orders, classes, phyla, and kingdoms. Organisms in different phyla differ from one another vastly more than do different species in, for instance, the same family. At these higher levels, marine life is far more diverse, containing twothirds of all the world's phyla and classes. There is a ...
An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere
... Rica and Panama where it once lived (Figure 52.1). During the 1980s and 1990s, roughly two-thirds of the 82 known species of harlequin toads vanished. Scientists think that a diseasecausing chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (see Figure 31.26), contributed to many of these extinctions. W ...
... Rica and Panama where it once lived (Figure 52.1). During the 1980s and 1990s, roughly two-thirds of the 82 known species of harlequin toads vanished. Scientists think that a diseasecausing chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (see Figure 31.26), contributed to many of these extinctions. W ...
paper
... (2012). We begin by summarizing these findings. NCT is derived from insights that were first introduced to evolutionary biology in the 1980s by Richard (Lewontin (1982, 1983, 2000). Niche construction refers to the modification of both biotic and abiotic components in environments via trophic intera ...
... (2012). We begin by summarizing these findings. NCT is derived from insights that were first introduced to evolutionary biology in the 1980s by Richard (Lewontin (1982, 1983, 2000). Niche construction refers to the modification of both biotic and abiotic components in environments via trophic intera ...
Duffy 2008 Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
... Thompson and Starzomski 2007). The latter concern has now been largely resolved by two comprehensive meta- ...
... Thompson and Starzomski 2007). The latter concern has now been largely resolved by two comprehensive meta- ...
ap biology summer assignment 2009-2010
... 11. Explain how a "stressful" environment may alter the standard r-selection and Kselection characteristics. 12. Explain how density-dependent factors affect population growth. 13. Explain how density-dependent and density-independent factors may work together to control a population's growth. 14. E ...
... 11. Explain how a "stressful" environment may alter the standard r-selection and Kselection characteristics. 12. Explain how density-dependent factors affect population growth. 13. Explain how density-dependent and density-independent factors may work together to control a population's growth. 14. E ...
Section 1: Developing a Theory Key Ideas • Why is evolutionary
... In contrast, the number of people was increasing exponentially. More people were added each year than were added the year before. ...
... In contrast, the number of people was increasing exponentially. More people were added each year than were added the year before. ...
ENV 107
... The Ecosystem The ecosystem concept is that the heart of the management of natural resources. An ecosystem consists of several species – at least one species that produces its own food from inorganic compounds in its environment and one species that decomposes the wastes of the first species – p ...
... The Ecosystem The ecosystem concept is that the heart of the management of natural resources. An ecosystem consists of several species – at least one species that produces its own food from inorganic compounds in its environment and one species that decomposes the wastes of the first species – p ...
Our Biodiverse City - eThekwini Municipality
... need to recognise that our activities are destroying valuable ecosystems and threatening the continued existence of thousands of species. Many of us do not understand that it is these very species and ecosystems, the biodiversity of our planet, which supports life on earth by providing critical good ...
... need to recognise that our activities are destroying valuable ecosystems and threatening the continued existence of thousands of species. Many of us do not understand that it is these very species and ecosystems, the biodiversity of our planet, which supports life on earth by providing critical good ...
Andow et al 1990
... The Landscape Ecology of Invasive Spread • Question: How is spatial pattern expected to affect invasive spread? • Premise: Habitat loss and fragmentation leads to spread of invasives • Definition: Landscape ecology: not regional level but the study of spatial pattern of resources, habitat, etc. on e ...
... The Landscape Ecology of Invasive Spread • Question: How is spatial pattern expected to affect invasive spread? • Premise: Habitat loss and fragmentation leads to spread of invasives • Definition: Landscape ecology: not regional level but the study of spatial pattern of resources, habitat, etc. on e ...
Answer 2.
... a cycle has duration longer than circadian rhythms, that is more than 24 hours per cycle. Due to the longer time frame for each cycle the frequency of occurrence in these cycles is lower than that of the circadian rhythms. The female menstrual cycle is an example of an infradian rhythm. It is a cycl ...
... a cycle has duration longer than circadian rhythms, that is more than 24 hours per cycle. Due to the longer time frame for each cycle the frequency of occurrence in these cycles is lower than that of the circadian rhythms. The female menstrual cycle is an example of an infradian rhythm. It is a cycl ...
NOBANIS - Marine invasive species in Nordic waters
... 1912 or earlier (Redeke, 1934). The first Danish record is from Ringkøbing Fjord in 1921, and studying plankton samples from previous years showed that it had not been present prior to 1919 (Jespersen, 1933). Presently it is one of the commonest copepods in coastal waters throughout Denmark (Sørens ...
... 1912 or earlier (Redeke, 1934). The first Danish record is from Ringkøbing Fjord in 1921, and studying plankton samples from previous years showed that it had not been present prior to 1919 (Jespersen, 1933). Presently it is one of the commonest copepods in coastal waters throughout Denmark (Sørens ...
Limiting Factors & Carrying Capacity
... they had all of the resources they require in unlimited amounts, but there are always factors that limit their increase. Limiting factors control ...
... they had all of the resources they require in unlimited amounts, but there are always factors that limit their increase. Limiting factors control ...
Succession - WordPress.com
... 1. Plants immigrate by means of seed dispersal (spread) and then germinate in new locations. 2. Plants compete with each other for light, water, and nutrients. The best “competitor” wins. 3. Site modification: plants add organic matter to the topsoil which alters the soil. This in turn changes the p ...
... 1. Plants immigrate by means of seed dispersal (spread) and then germinate in new locations. 2. Plants compete with each other for light, water, and nutrients. The best “competitor” wins. 3. Site modification: plants add organic matter to the topsoil which alters the soil. This in turn changes the p ...
Branching Vase Sponge
... it is commonly found in South Florida, the Bahamas and the Caribbean. It is a native species in Trinidad and Tobago and the Caribbean (Layne, 2008). HABITAT AND ACTIVITY. This species inhabits shallow and mid-range depths from 2-70m of water, coral reefs, walls and rocky areas or solid surfaces with ...
... it is commonly found in South Florida, the Bahamas and the Caribbean. It is a native species in Trinidad and Tobago and the Caribbean (Layne, 2008). HABITAT AND ACTIVITY. This species inhabits shallow and mid-range depths from 2-70m of water, coral reefs, walls and rocky areas or solid surfaces with ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.