Why Marine Islands Are Farther Apart in the Tropics.
... dependence of metabolic rate (eq. [1]): (1) primary productivity (e.g., Hutchinson 1959; O’Brien et al. 1998); (2) rates of biotic interaction and mechanisms of coexistence (e.g., Brown et al. 2004; Brown 2014); (3) rates of evolutionary diversification and coevolution (e.g., Rohde 1992; Storch 2012 ...
... dependence of metabolic rate (eq. [1]): (1) primary productivity (e.g., Hutchinson 1959; O’Brien et al. 1998); (2) rates of biotic interaction and mechanisms of coexistence (e.g., Brown et al. 2004; Brown 2014); (3) rates of evolutionary diversification and coevolution (e.g., Rohde 1992; Storch 2012 ...
Short CVs of the speakers
... Prof. Dr. Beate Jessel is President of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN), Germany. In this position, her main tasks include researches in the field of nature conservation and landscape development on national level, informing the public and enhancing public participation in nature con ...
... Prof. Dr. Beate Jessel is President of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN), Germany. In this position, her main tasks include researches in the field of nature conservation and landscape development on national level, informing the public and enhancing public participation in nature con ...
Niche Construction Theory: A Practical Guide for Ecologists
... 2012). We begin by summarizing these findings. NCT is derived from insights that were first introduced to evolutionary biology in the 1980s by Richard Lewontin (1982, 1983, 2000). Niche construction refers to the modification of both biotic and abiotic components in environments via trophic interact ...
... 2012). We begin by summarizing these findings. NCT is derived from insights that were first introduced to evolutionary biology in the 1980s by Richard Lewontin (1982, 1983, 2000). Niche construction refers to the modification of both biotic and abiotic components in environments via trophic interact ...
Designing Species-Rich, Pest-Suppressive Agroecosystems
... agroecosystems can be stabilized by constructing vegetational architectures that support natural enemies and/or directly inhibit pest attack. The literature is full of examples of experiments documenting that diversification of cropping systems often leads to reduced herbivore populations. In the re ...
... agroecosystems can be stabilized by constructing vegetational architectures that support natural enemies and/or directly inhibit pest attack. The literature is full of examples of experiments documenting that diversification of cropping systems often leads to reduced herbivore populations. In the re ...
Reverse latitudinal trends in species richness of pitcher-plant food webs
... 1981) and birds of eastern deciduous forest of North America (Rabenold 1979), the present study is the first demonstration of this pattern for an entire community food web. Further, this pattern was exhibited at both site and pitcher spatial scales (see Kaspari et al. 2003). This unusual pattern cou ...
... 1981) and birds of eastern deciduous forest of North America (Rabenold 1979), the present study is the first demonstration of this pattern for an entire community food web. Further, this pattern was exhibited at both site and pitcher spatial scales (see Kaspari et al. 2003). This unusual pattern cou ...
EVS CHAP 2 Ecosystem
... On earth there are many sets of ecosystems which are exposed to same climatic conditions and having dominant species with similar life cycle, climatic adoptions and physical structure. This set of ecosystem is called a ...
... On earth there are many sets of ecosystems which are exposed to same climatic conditions and having dominant species with similar life cycle, climatic adoptions and physical structure. This set of ecosystem is called a ...
EVS CHAP 2 Ecosystem
... On earth there are many sets of ecosystems which are exposed to same climatic conditions and having dominant species with similar life cycle, climatic adoptions and physical structure. This set of ecosystem is called a ...
... On earth there are many sets of ecosystems which are exposed to same climatic conditions and having dominant species with similar life cycle, climatic adoptions and physical structure. This set of ecosystem is called a ...
Biodiversity: Structure and Function
... However it cannot be conserved at its current level on an earth that is increasingly being modified by human beings. Most biomes will, if human pressure is not very quickly and fundamentally reduced, increasingly suffer from species extinctions as well as from reductions in population size which cre ...
... However it cannot be conserved at its current level on an earth that is increasingly being modified by human beings. Most biomes will, if human pressure is not very quickly and fundamentally reduced, increasingly suffer from species extinctions as well as from reductions in population size which cre ...
Biology Topics
... the environment takes actions to stay in balance at all levels: within the organism, among organisms, within ecosystems, and throughout the entire biosphere ...
... the environment takes actions to stay in balance at all levels: within the organism, among organisms, within ecosystems, and throughout the entire biosphere ...
intertidal zone
... distribution of terrestrial biomes are controlled by climate and • Climate is very disturbance important in determining why terrestrial biomes are found in certain areas • Biome patterns can be modified by disturbance ...
... distribution of terrestrial biomes are controlled by climate and • Climate is very disturbance important in determining why terrestrial biomes are found in certain areas • Biome patterns can be modified by disturbance ...
Natural Selection
... England - a light colored variety and a dark colored variety. Both rested on light colored trees. The light colored moth flourished on the light colored tree, but as the industrial revolution took shape, TONS of carbon (black smoke) filled the air and covered the trees, turning them almost black. * ...
... England - a light colored variety and a dark colored variety. Both rested on light colored trees. The light colored moth flourished on the light colored tree, but as the industrial revolution took shape, TONS of carbon (black smoke) filled the air and covered the trees, turning them almost black. * ...
Biological Diversity Review Booklet
... Topic 4 - Wearing Your Genes Explain the difference between the 2 different kinds of inherited variation. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ...
... Topic 4 - Wearing Your Genes Explain the difference between the 2 different kinds of inherited variation. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ...
Food Web Construction and Manipulation
... bottom, then move up anyone who eats someone else at that level and so forth. As you do this, you will complete the pyramid. The secret is not keeping any two animals in the same level if one eats the other. 2. Food Chain: Using the second set of pictures and the same color-coding as above (base it ...
... bottom, then move up anyone who eats someone else at that level and so forth. As you do this, you will complete the pyramid. The secret is not keeping any two animals in the same level if one eats the other. 2. Food Chain: Using the second set of pictures and the same color-coding as above (base it ...
Finding Our Place in the Great Chain of Being
... plans? Why do these similarities exist? And why do all life forms share the same genetic code? The biologist also wants to know why there are so many fossil remains of now extinct organisms. And why the fossil record is laid out in a way that suggests that creatures and plants gradually became incre ...
... plans? Why do these similarities exist? And why do all life forms share the same genetic code? The biologist also wants to know why there are so many fossil remains of now extinct organisms. And why the fossil record is laid out in a way that suggests that creatures and plants gradually became incre ...
consumer in a food chain. It eats
... However, when the producers are ____ large , and fewer in number than are _____ the primary consumers, the pyramid looks like this. Give an example of the kind of producers that would result in this type of pyramid. ...
... However, when the producers are ____ large , and fewer in number than are _____ the primary consumers, the pyramid looks like this. Give an example of the kind of producers that would result in this type of pyramid. ...
Document
... Rate at which nutrients are made available to primary producers is determined largely by rate of mineralization Occurs primarily during decomposition Rate in terrestrial systems influenced by temperature, moisture, and chemical ...
... Rate at which nutrients are made available to primary producers is determined largely by rate of mineralization Occurs primarily during decomposition Rate in terrestrial systems influenced by temperature, moisture, and chemical ...
Ecosystems and Food Webs
... evolving together over time, present‐day species of plants, herbivores, carnivores, and decomposers have developed ecological relationships. These relationships—of one species to another and between each species and its environment—maintain population levels and balance within ecosystems. ...
... evolving together over time, present‐day species of plants, herbivores, carnivores, and decomposers have developed ecological relationships. These relationships—of one species to another and between each species and its environment—maintain population levels and balance within ecosystems. ...
Ecosystem engineers, functional domains and
... Foodwebs: Conceptual and simulation models of foodwebs in soil have been developed in a limited number of cases including those representing grassland, desert and arable land ecosystems. They are « organism-oriented » models (Paustian, 1994) that focus principally on the interactions amongmicrobes, ...
... Foodwebs: Conceptual and simulation models of foodwebs in soil have been developed in a limited number of cases including those representing grassland, desert and arable land ecosystems. They are « organism-oriented » models (Paustian, 1994) that focus principally on the interactions amongmicrobes, ...
abstracts - Santa Fe Institute
... Metabolism provides a basis for using first principles of physics, chemistry, and biology to link the biology of individual organisms to the ecology of populations, communities, and ecosystems. Metabolic rate, the rate at which organisms take up, transform, and expend energy and materials, is the mo ...
... Metabolism provides a basis for using first principles of physics, chemistry, and biology to link the biology of individual organisms to the ecology of populations, communities, and ecosystems. Metabolic rate, the rate at which organisms take up, transform, and expend energy and materials, is the mo ...
Ecosystems and Food Webs
... evolving together over time, present‐day species of plants, herbivores, carnivores, and decomposers have developed ecological relationships. These relationships—of one species to another and between each species and its environment—maintain population levels and balance within ecosystems. ...
... evolving together over time, present‐day species of plants, herbivores, carnivores, and decomposers have developed ecological relationships. These relationships—of one species to another and between each species and its environment—maintain population levels and balance within ecosystems. ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.