The effects of disturbance on trophic levels, food webs
... abundant energy tend to have more complex food chains. In turn they found that longer food chains are more susceptible to effects from disturbance. When disturbance occurs in an energy‐rich system that has formed highly complex food chains, it is more likely to collapse the trophic structure than ...
... abundant energy tend to have more complex food chains. In turn they found that longer food chains are more susceptible to effects from disturbance. When disturbance occurs in an energy‐rich system that has formed highly complex food chains, it is more likely to collapse the trophic structure than ...
Mass Extinctions Increase Evenness of Genus Diversity Across
... The Shannon index quantifies evenness of ecological modes, accounting for both number of modes and proportion of genera in each. The Simpson index looks at an aspect of evenness by measuring the probability that two genera randomly selected at a point in time belong to different modes. While it foll ...
... The Shannon index quantifies evenness of ecological modes, accounting for both number of modes and proportion of genera in each. The Simpson index looks at an aspect of evenness by measuring the probability that two genera randomly selected at a point in time belong to different modes. While it foll ...
Which statement best describes the relationship between free
... (B) Species B will rapidly evolve to fill the niche left by species A and will become the only primary producer. Distractor Rationale: This answer suggests the student may understand that species A and B have the same role in the food web and that a species can adapt to expand into another species’ ...
... (B) Species B will rapidly evolve to fill the niche left by species A and will become the only primary producer. Distractor Rationale: This answer suggests the student may understand that species A and B have the same role in the food web and that a species can adapt to expand into another species’ ...
Evolution - Studies Today
... Convergent Evolution: Convergent evolution takes place when species of different ancestry begin to share analogous traits because of a shared environment or other selection pressure. For example, whales and fish have some similar characteristics since both had to evolve methods of moving through the ...
... Convergent Evolution: Convergent evolution takes place when species of different ancestry begin to share analogous traits because of a shared environment or other selection pressure. For example, whales and fish have some similar characteristics since both had to evolve methods of moving through the ...
What Do We Mean When We Talk About Ecological Restoration?
... feeling, not the least of which is the presence in the prairie of a diverse group of plant species adapted to the local environment compared to an agricultural monoculture of a non-native, domesticated species. In addition, a soybean field requires a much greater investment of human energy than a ta ...
... feeling, not the least of which is the presence in the prairie of a diverse group of plant species adapted to the local environment compared to an agricultural monoculture of a non-native, domesticated species. In addition, a soybean field requires a much greater investment of human energy than a ta ...
Slide 1
... - The results of interacting disturbances are unpredictable from those of single disturbances. Is this true, or might there be some information we can take from single-LID or other research to predict the effects of interacting LIDs? - Differences in initial LIDs can change the effects of subsequent ...
... - The results of interacting disturbances are unpredictable from those of single disturbances. Is this true, or might there be some information we can take from single-LID or other research to predict the effects of interacting LIDs? - Differences in initial LIDs can change the effects of subsequent ...
When Large, Infrequent Disturbances Interact
... - The results of interacting disturbances are unpredictable from those of single disturbances. Is this true, or might there be some information we can take from single-LID or other research to predict the effects of interacting LIDs? - Differences in initial LIDs can change the effects of subsequent ...
... - The results of interacting disturbances are unpredictable from those of single disturbances. Is this true, or might there be some information we can take from single-LID or other research to predict the effects of interacting LIDs? - Differences in initial LIDs can change the effects of subsequent ...
The acid taste of climate change: 20th century acidification is
... Abstract. The current state of an ecosystem results from the complex interaction of abiotic and biotic drivers jointly influenced by their dynamics and the legacy of a systems’ history. Negative synergies between emerging climatically extreme events and past environmental impacts are expected to shi ...
... Abstract. The current state of an ecosystem results from the complex interaction of abiotic and biotic drivers jointly influenced by their dynamics and the legacy of a systems’ history. Negative synergies between emerging climatically extreme events and past environmental impacts are expected to shi ...
Table S2 - Biodiversity Journal Club
... size not provided and could not be calculated from available data. Correlations between niche breadth and range size not provided and could not be calculated from available data. Germination niche breadth. Subset of the species used by Thompson et al. ...
... size not provided and could not be calculated from available data. Correlations between niche breadth and range size not provided and could not be calculated from available data. Germination niche breadth. Subset of the species used by Thompson et al. ...
No Slide Title - Cloudfront.net
... organisms have changed over time. • Identify how the fossil record shows that changes in the kinds of organisms in the environment have been occurring over time. • Describe one pathway through which a modern whale could have arisen from an ancient mammal. • Explain how comparing organisms can provid ...
... organisms have changed over time. • Identify how the fossil record shows that changes in the kinds of organisms in the environment have been occurring over time. • Describe one pathway through which a modern whale could have arisen from an ancient mammal. • Explain how comparing organisms can provid ...
Rhino poaching may cause atypical trophic cascades
... herbivores. We hypothesize that such cascades could result not only in the loss of other populations of endangered species but also in changes in vegetation structure and fire regimes; in addition, these cascades may interact with the actions of local poachers to create an ecological trap for an end ...
... herbivores. We hypothesize that such cascades could result not only in the loss of other populations of endangered species but also in changes in vegetation structure and fire regimes; in addition, these cascades may interact with the actions of local poachers to create an ecological trap for an end ...
Food Web Designer: a flexible tool to visualize interaction networks
... means, happens within this interaction networks and it is the species’ interactions which govern, directly or indirectly, how efficient the pests’ population size and behaviour can be managed (Staudacher et al. 2013). Within ecological interaction networks especially food webs proved to be useful fo ...
... means, happens within this interaction networks and it is the species’ interactions which govern, directly or indirectly, how efficient the pests’ population size and behaviour can be managed (Staudacher et al. 2013). Within ecological interaction networks especially food webs proved to be useful fo ...
Tenth Grade Science Indicators
... _____ 11 Explain that living organisms use matter and energy to synthesize a variety of organic molecules (e.g., proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids) and to drive life processes (e.g., growth, reacting to the environment, reproduction and movement). _____ 12 Describe that biological cl ...
... _____ 11 Explain that living organisms use matter and energy to synthesize a variety of organic molecules (e.g., proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids) and to drive life processes (e.g., growth, reacting to the environment, reproduction and movement). _____ 12 Describe that biological cl ...
FWM 303
... The term “eco” implies environment; while the term “system” implies an interacting, interdependent complex. The word ecosystem was proposed by an English ecologist, Arthur George Tansley in 1935. It is the central concept of ecology and the biologically rational management of forest resources. The e ...
... The term “eco” implies environment; while the term “system” implies an interacting, interdependent complex. The word ecosystem was proposed by an English ecologist, Arthur George Tansley in 1935. It is the central concept of ecology and the biologically rational management of forest resources. The e ...
Tenth Grade PPI
... _____ 11 Explain that living organisms use matter and energy to synthesize a variety of organic molecules (e.g., proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids) and to drive life processes (e.g., growth, reacting to the environment, reproduction and movement). _____ 12 Describe that biological cl ...
... _____ 11 Explain that living organisms use matter and energy to synthesize a variety of organic molecules (e.g., proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids) and to drive life processes (e.g., growth, reacting to the environment, reproduction and movement). _____ 12 Describe that biological cl ...
Chapter 7, Section 7
... people that influenced Darwin and how? Why did it take so long for Darwin to publish his theory? 4. Connect the following phrases into a coherent essay on evolution by natural selection: the struggle for existence; survival of the fittest; and, descent with modification. Do not simply define these p ...
... people that influenced Darwin and how? Why did it take so long for Darwin to publish his theory? 4. Connect the following phrases into a coherent essay on evolution by natural selection: the struggle for existence; survival of the fittest; and, descent with modification. Do not simply define these p ...
Life histories
... The largest fish is a female; the next largest is the breeding male. The remaining fish are nonbreeding males. If the female dies, the breeding male becomes a female, and the next largest male becomes the breeding male. There is a strict pecking order in the ...
... The largest fish is a female; the next largest is the breeding male. The remaining fish are nonbreeding males. If the female dies, the breeding male becomes a female, and the next largest male becomes the breeding male. There is a strict pecking order in the ...
Competition
... your own. Go to a basic ecology text, as by Molles, Ricklefs, or Begon et al. There are MANY ways in which these equations can be modified to take other factors into account (e.g. time lags). We will be dealing with the fundamental equations with respect to simple competition. Assumptions of L-V mod ...
... your own. Go to a basic ecology text, as by Molles, Ricklefs, or Begon et al. There are MANY ways in which these equations can be modified to take other factors into account (e.g. time lags). We will be dealing with the fundamental equations with respect to simple competition. Assumptions of L-V mod ...
Ch21_Clicker_Questions - Saint Leo University Faculty
... Which of the following would be a community-level question in ecology? a) Which organisms are producers on an African plain? b) Which males in a species of woodpecker mate with the females? c) How does heavy rainfall affect the survival and reproduction of living things in Yosemite National Park? d ...
... Which of the following would be a community-level question in ecology? a) Which organisms are producers on an African plain? b) Which males in a species of woodpecker mate with the females? c) How does heavy rainfall affect the survival and reproduction of living things in Yosemite National Park? d ...
Marine biodiversity: past and present concerns
... The impacts of these categories and their combinations are relatively well known. They can lead to species extinction locally but global loss of species is still rare in the marine environment. However, although the number of well documented cases of extinction is low, it has also clearly been estab ...
... The impacts of these categories and their combinations are relatively well known. They can lead to species extinction locally but global loss of species is still rare in the marine environment. However, although the number of well documented cases of extinction is low, it has also clearly been estab ...
The planning pattern research on mountain rural settlements in
... ecological security barrier Qinba Mountains, but is still a relatively fragile eco-system area. In process of promoting economic development, tremendous environmental damage appear(Fig.6), severe population size over the growing capacity of the natural environment, and the villagers lack of environm ...
... ecological security barrier Qinba Mountains, but is still a relatively fragile eco-system area. In process of promoting economic development, tremendous environmental damage appear(Fig.6), severe population size over the growing capacity of the natural environment, and the villagers lack of environm ...
The Evolution of Living Things
... • Charles Darwin developed an explanation for evolution after years of studying the organisms he observed on the voyage of the Beagle. • Darwin’s study was influenced by the concepts of selective breeding, the age of the Earth, and the idea that some organisms are better equipped to survive than oth ...
... • Charles Darwin developed an explanation for evolution after years of studying the organisms he observed on the voyage of the Beagle. • Darwin’s study was influenced by the concepts of selective breeding, the age of the Earth, and the idea that some organisms are better equipped to survive than oth ...
AP BIOLOGY - Mrs. Loyd`s Biology
... Lecture: “boom-and-bust” cycles, r- and K-selection, human population growth, age structures, ecological footprint. ...
... Lecture: “boom-and-bust” cycles, r- and K-selection, human population growth, age structures, ecological footprint. ...
EXAM 2 Study Guide for 2007 - University of Arizona | Ecology and
... 50. Describe how the anatomy of a turtle skeleton differs from your own skeletal anatomy. 23 February 2007, Biodiversity and Extinction 51. To a first approximation, what are most species? 52. How could you argue that humans are a keystone species? 53. Why does species diversity differ as you move a ...
... 50. Describe how the anatomy of a turtle skeleton differs from your own skeletal anatomy. 23 February 2007, Biodiversity and Extinction 51. To a first approximation, what are most species? 52. How could you argue that humans are a keystone species? 53. Why does species diversity differ as you move a ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.