The active site
... The Lock and Key Hypothesis (cont.,) Temporary structure called the enzymesubstrate complex formed PRODUCTS have a different shape from the SUBSTRATE Once formed, PRODUCTS are released from the active site Leaving it free to become attached to another substrate ...
... The Lock and Key Hypothesis (cont.,) Temporary structure called the enzymesubstrate complex formed PRODUCTS have a different shape from the SUBSTRATE Once formed, PRODUCTS are released from the active site Leaving it free to become attached to another substrate ...
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... Substrates need a lot of potential energy to reach a transition state, which then decays into products. The enzyme stabilizes the transition state, reducing the energy needed to form products. As all catalysts, enzymes do not alter the position of the chemical equilibrium of the reaction. Usually, i ...
... Substrates need a lot of potential energy to reach a transition state, which then decays into products. The enzyme stabilizes the transition state, reducing the energy needed to form products. As all catalysts, enzymes do not alter the position of the chemical equilibrium of the reaction. Usually, i ...
Green Fluorescent Protein
... monitoring of gene expression. GFP’s fluorescence characteristic can also be used in methods designed for sensing various levels of ions or pH. As mentioned above, there have been many codon alterations performed in GFP in order to make the expression effective in mammalians. As an application in ge ...
... monitoring of gene expression. GFP’s fluorescence characteristic can also be used in methods designed for sensing various levels of ions or pH. As mentioned above, there have been many codon alterations performed in GFP in order to make the expression effective in mammalians. As an application in ge ...
BIOMEDICAL IMPORTANCE Fatty acids are synthesized by an
... BIOMEDICAL IMPORTANCE Fatty acids are synthesized by an extramitochondrial system, which is responsible for the complete synthesis of palmitate from acetyl-CoA in the cytosol. In the rat, the pathway is well represented in adipose tissue and liver, whereas in humans adipose tissue may not be an impo ...
... BIOMEDICAL IMPORTANCE Fatty acids are synthesized by an extramitochondrial system, which is responsible for the complete synthesis of palmitate from acetyl-CoA in the cytosol. In the rat, the pathway is well represented in adipose tissue and liver, whereas in humans adipose tissue may not be an impo ...
Problem Set 8 Key
... c. Determine how much ATP energy is sacrificed to make this lysophosphatidic acid. Make sure to account for the energy that could be made from the glucose that are consumed, any ATP that is directly consumed in the process, as well as the ATP that is sacrificed to make the NADPH that gets consumed. ...
... c. Determine how much ATP energy is sacrificed to make this lysophosphatidic acid. Make sure to account for the energy that could be made from the glucose that are consumed, any ATP that is directly consumed in the process, as well as the ATP that is sacrificed to make the NADPH that gets consumed. ...
PP - Columbia University
... Exception #1: • 1) Water: 55 M (pure water) is considered the “unit” concentration in this case instead of 1M The concentration of water rarely changes during the course of an aqueous reaction, since water is at such a high concentration. • So when calulating Go, instead of writing in “55” when wat ...
... Exception #1: • 1) Water: 55 M (pure water) is considered the “unit” concentration in this case instead of 1M The concentration of water rarely changes during the course of an aqueous reaction, since water is at such a high concentration. • So when calulating Go, instead of writing in “55” when wat ...
1 Biochemistry 462a – Enzyme Mechanisms Reading
... enzyme somehow caused the substrate to become distorted toward the transition state. Transition state stabilization is a more modern concept, which states that it is not the substrate that is distorted but rather that the transition state makes better contacts with the enzyme than the substrate does ...
... enzyme somehow caused the substrate to become distorted toward the transition state. Transition state stabilization is a more modern concept, which states that it is not the substrate that is distorted but rather that the transition state makes better contacts with the enzyme than the substrate does ...
Chymotrypsin
... enzyme somehow caused the substrate to become distorted toward the transition state. Transition state stabilization is a more modern concept, which states that it is not the substrate that is distorted but rather that the transition state makes better contacts with the enzyme than the substrate does ...
... enzyme somehow caused the substrate to become distorted toward the transition state. Transition state stabilization is a more modern concept, which states that it is not the substrate that is distorted but rather that the transition state makes better contacts with the enzyme than the substrate does ...
Pdf - Text of NPTEL IIT Video Lectures
... If you consider the whole energy of activation, part of it is contributed by entropic modifications and part by enthalpic contributions. If you just understand the enthalpic factors we must consider that the transition state is like a molecule with some of its chemical bonds in an unusually extended ...
... If you consider the whole energy of activation, part of it is contributed by entropic modifications and part by enthalpic contributions. If you just understand the enthalpic factors we must consider that the transition state is like a molecule with some of its chemical bonds in an unusually extended ...
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and other Energy
... Aerobic respiration - the process by which a cell uses O2 to "burn" molecules and release energy The reaction: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O and 36 ATP Note: this reaction is the opposite of photosynthesis This reaction takes place over the course of three major reaction pathways 1. Glycolysis (2 stag ...
... Aerobic respiration - the process by which a cell uses O2 to "burn" molecules and release energy The reaction: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O and 36 ATP Note: this reaction is the opposite of photosynthesis This reaction takes place over the course of three major reaction pathways 1. Glycolysis (2 stag ...
Bioenergetics and Metabolism
... What are the key regulated enzymes in citrate cycle? Isocitrate dehydrogenase - catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate by transferring two electrons to NAD+ to form NADH, and in the process, releasing CO2, it is activated by ADP and Ca2+ and inhibited by NADH and ATP. α-ketoglutarate ...
... What are the key regulated enzymes in citrate cycle? Isocitrate dehydrogenase - catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate by transferring two electrons to NAD+ to form NADH, and in the process, releasing CO2, it is activated by ADP and Ca2+ and inhibited by NADH and ATP. α-ketoglutarate ...
P3- Biochemical Processes
... Enzymes are large globular proteins. Earlier we looked at the formation of proteins. At the tertiary structure the protein has its definitive shape. During this stage in an enzyme a pocket or groove is formed (usually made by a beta pleated sheet). This groove or pocket can accommodate one or more s ...
... Enzymes are large globular proteins. Earlier we looked at the formation of proteins. At the tertiary structure the protein has its definitive shape. During this stage in an enzyme a pocket or groove is formed (usually made by a beta pleated sheet). This groove or pocket can accommodate one or more s ...
Relationship between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
... and ATP Occurs in the mitochondria (matrix) Starts with the combination of oxaloacetate + Acetyl CoA citrate 2 turns = 2 ATPs, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2 are made 4 CO2 are released; Glucose has been converted to 6 CO2- 2 in prep, 4 in Citric acid cycle ...
... and ATP Occurs in the mitochondria (matrix) Starts with the combination of oxaloacetate + Acetyl CoA citrate 2 turns = 2 ATPs, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2 are made 4 CO2 are released; Glucose has been converted to 6 CO2- 2 in prep, 4 in Citric acid cycle ...
C6H12O6 + 6 O2* 6 CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP
... 2B. CITRIC ACID CYCLE 1 Glucose (2 pyruvates) goes through 2 Citric Acid Cycles ...
... 2B. CITRIC ACID CYCLE 1 Glucose (2 pyruvates) goes through 2 Citric Acid Cycles ...
Properties of ATP - BioWiki
... Likewise we make about the same amount from the turnover products. When energy is needed, carbohydrates and lipids are oxidized and ATP is produced, which can then be immediately used for motility, biosynthesis, etc. It is very important to realize that although ATP is converted to ADP in a thermody ...
... Likewise we make about the same amount from the turnover products. When energy is needed, carbohydrates and lipids are oxidized and ATP is produced, which can then be immediately used for motility, biosynthesis, etc. It is very important to realize that although ATP is converted to ADP in a thermody ...
Ken Wu`s Metabolism Tutorial Dec 2012
... FADH2 feeds into ubiquinone Generates proton gradient 4e- + 4H+ + O2 2H2O ...
... FADH2 feeds into ubiquinone Generates proton gradient 4e- + 4H+ + O2 2H2O ...
Energy Metabolism Review
... Plants make ATP during photosynthesis. All other organisms, including plants, must produce ATP by breaking down molecules such as glucose ...
... Plants make ATP during photosynthesis. All other organisms, including plants, must produce ATP by breaking down molecules such as glucose ...
Document
... • If a molecule can bind to another site on the enzyme (besides active site) and stop enzyme function, it is an allosteric inhibitor • Can disrupt the 3D shape of enzyme molecule so active site cannot accept substrate • Can be reversible or irreversible ...
... • If a molecule can bind to another site on the enzyme (besides active site) and stop enzyme function, it is an allosteric inhibitor • Can disrupt the 3D shape of enzyme molecule so active site cannot accept substrate • Can be reversible or irreversible ...
Oxidation of Carbohydrate
... – High net ATP yield but slow ATP production – Must be broken down into free fatty acids (FFAs) and glycerol – Only FFAs are used to make ATP ...
... – High net ATP yield but slow ATP production – Must be broken down into free fatty acids (FFAs) and glycerol – Only FFAs are used to make ATP ...
lect21
... -side chains implicated in H-bonds have systematically been replaced by non-Hbonding residues (eg., Cys 35 Gly, Tyr 34 Phe) -side chains responsible for specificity of the enzyme for tyrosine as opposed to phenylalanine are: Tyr 34 and Asp 176 -in ribose binding site: Cys 35, Thr 51, and His 48 ...
... -side chains implicated in H-bonds have systematically been replaced by non-Hbonding residues (eg., Cys 35 Gly, Tyr 34 Phe) -side chains responsible for specificity of the enzyme for tyrosine as opposed to phenylalanine are: Tyr 34 and Asp 176 -in ribose binding site: Cys 35, Thr 51, and His 48 ...
3-energy
... The enzyme Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase (NuDiKi) equilibrates ~P among the various nucleotides that are needed, e.g., for synthesis of DNA & RNA. NuDiKi catalyzes reversible reactions such as: ATP + GDP ADP + GTP, ATP + UDP ADP + UTP, etc. ...
... The enzyme Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase (NuDiKi) equilibrates ~P among the various nucleotides that are needed, e.g., for synthesis of DNA & RNA. NuDiKi catalyzes reversible reactions such as: ATP + GDP ADP + GTP, ATP + UDP ADP + UTP, etc. ...
Chem 7250 #1
... The enzyme Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase (NuDiKi) equilibrates ~P among the various nucleotides that are needed, e.g., for synthesis of DNA & RNA. NuDiKi catalyzes reversible reactions such as: ATP + GDP ADP + GTP, ATP + UDP ADP + UTP, etc. ...
... The enzyme Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase (NuDiKi) equilibrates ~P among the various nucleotides that are needed, e.g., for synthesis of DNA & RNA. NuDiKi catalyzes reversible reactions such as: ATP + GDP ADP + GTP, ATP + UDP ADP + UTP, etc. ...
Luciferase
Luciferase is a generic term for the class of oxidative enzymes used in bioluminescence and is distinct from a photoprotein. The name is derived from Lucifer, the root of which means 'light-bearer' (lucem ferre). One example is the firefly luciferase (EC 1.13.12.7) from the firefly Photinus pyralis. ""Firefly luciferase"" as a laboratory reagent often refers to P. pyralis luciferase although recombinant luciferases from several other species of fireflies are also commercially available.