Recent Local Financial System Reform (Trinity Reform)
... 3-1 Necessity of Fundamental Reform of Local Financial System Since the Shoup Report of 1949, the Local Government System Research Council and other provisional research councils have pointed out several times the necessity of reform, reduction and rationalization of the national treasury subsidy an ...
... 3-1 Necessity of Fundamental Reform of Local Financial System Since the Shoup Report of 1949, the Local Government System Research Council and other provisional research councils have pointed out several times the necessity of reform, reduction and rationalization of the national treasury subsidy an ...
Freiburger Diskussionspapiere Freiburg Discussionpapers
... government level – federal (central), regional (state) or local – should adopt which tasks, and which tax should be allocated to which government level. The obtained allocation of responsibilities is determined by the nature of the goods and services provided, i.e., the degree of publicness or rival ...
... government level – federal (central), regional (state) or local – should adopt which tasks, and which tax should be allocated to which government level. The obtained allocation of responsibilities is determined by the nature of the goods and services provided, i.e., the degree of publicness or rival ...
Bootstrapping estimates for a public expenditure model
... It is reasonable to assume that, for a given political structure, the pressure to consume temporarily high fiscal revenues should be positively correlated with the immediate marginal utility that fiscal groups (including the government’s constituency) derive from additional fiscal spending. After a ...
... It is reasonable to assume that, for a given political structure, the pressure to consume temporarily high fiscal revenues should be positively correlated with the immediate marginal utility that fiscal groups (including the government’s constituency) derive from additional fiscal spending. After a ...
Japan`s Fiscal Policy and Fiscal Reconstruction October 22, 2004 by
... bonded indebtedness, was suspended late that year, which was followed the next year by a series of stimulus measures, including income tax cuts and the distribution of cash coupons intended to spur consumer spending. A supplementary spending budget was complied to provide funding for the measures. R ...
... bonded indebtedness, was suspended late that year, which was followed the next year by a series of stimulus measures, including income tax cuts and the distribution of cash coupons intended to spur consumer spending. A supplementary spending budget was complied to provide funding for the measures. R ...
Rethinking the political economy of fiscal consolidation of two
... often focused on outcomes, that is, on the measured change in the fiscal deficit attained after a specified period of time. There are two problems with this approach. The first is that changes in the public budget deficit may come about for reasons that have very little to do with intentional politi ...
... often focused on outcomes, that is, on the measured change in the fiscal deficit attained after a specified period of time. There are two problems with this approach. The first is that changes in the public budget deficit may come about for reasons that have very little to do with intentional politi ...
The Greek Fiscal Crisis and the Role of Fiscal Governance
... Fiscal deficits, once small and controlled in most of such countries, have soared after the outbreak of the recent global financial crisis, as a result of both the direct fiscal costs of bank and other enterprise rescue operations and of government policies aimed at sustaining domestic demand within ...
... Fiscal deficits, once small and controlled in most of such countries, have soared after the outbreak of the recent global financial crisis, as a result of both the direct fiscal costs of bank and other enterprise rescue operations and of government policies aimed at sustaining domestic demand within ...
2. possible abolition of residential stamp duty
... There are two ways eligibility for FHOS could be tightened: Introducing a cap on property value A cap on property value would be administratively simple. Capping the eligibility of FHOS to NSW properties worth over: $1 million would reduce the number of grants by approximately 1 per cent (400 a ye ...
... There are two ways eligibility for FHOS could be tightened: Introducing a cap on property value A cap on property value would be administratively simple. Capping the eligibility of FHOS to NSW properties worth over: $1 million would reduce the number of grants by approximately 1 per cent (400 a ye ...
Fiscal Policy Reconsidered
... willing, might not be able to do the job by itself. In the realm of practical policy making, that realization led quickly to a burst of Keynesian fiscal policy in the years 2008–10. In the realm of economic thought, it should have led to a sharp reassessment of the previous verdict against fiscal po ...
... willing, might not be able to do the job by itself. In the realm of practical policy making, that realization led quickly to a burst of Keynesian fiscal policy in the years 2008–10. In the realm of economic thought, it should have led to a sharp reassessment of the previous verdict against fiscal po ...
Fiscal Policy during the current Crisis
... view, since the private sector is likely to believe in a reversal of a temporary tax cut more than into a reversing of a temporary spending increase. Permanent reductions in VAT or labour taxes could yield short-run effects exceeding those of a permanent expenditure increase, because they reduce dis ...
... view, since the private sector is likely to believe in a reversal of a temporary tax cut more than into a reversing of a temporary spending increase. Permanent reductions in VAT or labour taxes could yield short-run effects exceeding those of a permanent expenditure increase, because they reduce dis ...
Empirical Assessment Of Stabilization Effects Of Fiscal Policy In
... error correction model, but as noted by Heppke-Falk, Tenhofen and Wolff (2006, 12), when estimating models that have many disaggregated time series it is difficult to find ...
... error correction model, but as noted by Heppke-Falk, Tenhofen and Wolff (2006, 12), when estimating models that have many disaggregated time series it is difficult to find ...
Krugman`s Chapter 7 PPT
... A system that taxes income rather than consumption discourages people from saving and investing, instead providing an incentive to spend their income today. Americans tend to save too little for retirement and health expenses in their later years. Low savings and investing slow down economic growth. ...
... A system that taxes income rather than consumption discourages people from saving and investing, instead providing an incentive to spend their income today. Americans tend to save too little for retirement and health expenses in their later years. Low savings and investing slow down economic growth. ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES WITH FIRMS AND HOUSEHOLDS Andrew Haughwout Robert P. Jnman
... The city contains unemployed poor and retired elderly households who receive a nationally funded income or social security grant from which they purchase consumption, housing, and ...
... The city contains unemployed poor and retired elderly households who receive a nationally funded income or social security grant from which they purchase consumption, housing, and ...
To Bind Or Not To Bind Caribbean Sarosh R. Khan
... Budgets are more than just national housekeeping numbers. As the primary tool of fiscal policy, national budgets drive a government’s efforts to strategically manage the economy through taxing certain activities while supporting others. Few public decisions have a greater impact on people’s lives th ...
... Budgets are more than just national housekeeping numbers. As the primary tool of fiscal policy, national budgets drive a government’s efforts to strategically manage the economy through taxing certain activities while supporting others. Few public decisions have a greater impact on people’s lives th ...
Searching for Non-Keynesian Effects of Fiscal Policy
... full-employment surplus of 7.2 percent of GDP was accompanied by a boom in private consumption and investment which led to a sharp acceleration of growth. In Ireland, between 1987 and 1989, a similar cut in the full-employment surplus (5.7 percent of GDP) was also accompanied by higher growth. Short ...
... full-employment surplus of 7.2 percent of GDP was accompanied by a boom in private consumption and investment which led to a sharp acceleration of growth. In Ireland, between 1987 and 1989, a similar cut in the full-employment surplus (5.7 percent of GDP) was also accompanied by higher growth. Short ...
Activist Fiscal Policy to Stabilize Economic Activity
... (CBO), rather than on a more popularly used measure based on changes in the full-employment surplus. Because the latter measure incorporates changes in the surplus that are attributable neither to policy nor to the state of the economy3 and that represent the phasing-in of policies adopted earlier, ...
... (CBO), rather than on a more popularly used measure based on changes in the full-employment surplus. Because the latter measure incorporates changes in the surplus that are attributable neither to policy nor to the state of the economy3 and that represent the phasing-in of policies adopted earlier, ...
Document
... Assuming that supply-side economics does not prevail, that is dR / d 0 (which is always true for small ’s), then dm2 / d 0 . Thus, we have plausibly established that the labor supply of the immigrants m1 falls while their number ( m2 ) rises when the host country's tax rate is raised ...
... Assuming that supply-side economics does not prevail, that is dR / d 0 (which is always true for small ’s), then dm2 / d 0 . Thus, we have plausibly established that the labor supply of the immigrants m1 falls while their number ( m2 ) rises when the host country's tax rate is raised ...
The Fiscal Policy`s Comparisons Between Chinese and Western
... (2) Analysis of the pros and cons of rules oriented Fiscal policy of the United States has gradually deviated from the conceptual framework after years of development. The criterion of the economic consequences of demand driven, as well as the game the stakeholders, leading to the existing fiscal po ...
... (2) Analysis of the pros and cons of rules oriented Fiscal policy of the United States has gradually deviated from the conceptual framework after years of development. The criterion of the economic consequences of demand driven, as well as the game the stakeholders, leading to the existing fiscal po ...
Fiscal Federalism, Fiscal Reform, and Economic Growth in China
... structure of decision-making and, thereby, misrepresent the degree of fiscal decentralization. As a result, in empirical studies both cross-country comparisons and descriptions of long-term trends might be seriously distorted. It is, for instance, not clear whether an observed increase in the SNG sh ...
... structure of decision-making and, thereby, misrepresent the degree of fiscal decentralization. As a result, in empirical studies both cross-country comparisons and descriptions of long-term trends might be seriously distorted. It is, for instance, not clear whether an observed increase in the SNG sh ...
Fiscal Policies and Rules in the Face of Revenue Volatility Within
... option is to adjust the fiscal stance, either by increasing non-SACU revenue, decreasing spending, or both. The debt pattern remains otherwise fixed.9 Optimal fiscal adjustment strategies are based on multiple instruments, as the composition of the adjustment is of utmost importance.10 Five strategi ...
... option is to adjust the fiscal stance, either by increasing non-SACU revenue, decreasing spending, or both. The debt pattern remains otherwise fixed.9 Optimal fiscal adjustment strategies are based on multiple instruments, as the composition of the adjustment is of utmost importance.10 Five strategi ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES Joshua Aizenman
... acknowledged that the stimulus package had helped to break the pace of the economy's decline in the second quarter, only 35 percent viewed fiscal policy as being "about right". Half of the respondents saw fiscal policy as too simulative. About 266 members took part in the poll which was conducted be ...
... acknowledged that the stimulus package had helped to break the pace of the economy's decline in the second quarter, only 35 percent viewed fiscal policy as being "about right". Half of the respondents saw fiscal policy as too simulative. About 266 members took part in the poll which was conducted be ...
IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF)
... Studies carried out in Zimbabwe on this topic are few and those few studies did not look at the separate tax rates and separate tax heads. One such study by Macheka et al. (2013) examined the revenue productivity of the Zimbabwean tax system using annual time series data for the period 1975-2008. Th ...
... Studies carried out in Zimbabwe on this topic are few and those few studies did not look at the separate tax rates and separate tax heads. One such study by Macheka et al. (2013) examined the revenue productivity of the Zimbabwean tax system using annual time series data for the period 1975-2008. Th ...
IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF)
... very useful to revisit tax elasticity and buoyancy in the present scenario, since a number of changes have taken place in the taxation front in Zimbabwe in recent years.Mitchell and Andrews (1991) noted that the knowledge of the elasticity of different taxes allows one to project the additional reve ...
... very useful to revisit tax elasticity and buoyancy in the present scenario, since a number of changes have taken place in the taxation front in Zimbabwe in recent years.Mitchell and Andrews (1991) noted that the knowledge of the elasticity of different taxes allows one to project the additional reve ...
Principles of Economics, Case and Fair,9e
... 9.2 Fiscal Policy at Work: Multiplier Effects At this point, we are assuming that the government controls G and T. In this section, we will review three ...
... 9.2 Fiscal Policy at Work: Multiplier Effects At this point, we are assuming that the government controls G and T. In this section, we will review three ...
Fiscal Capacity, Tax Composition and the (in)Stability of
... Most macroeconomic models assume that governments always have the ability to raise the desired or needed tax revenues and are, in general, effective. This was clearly not the case historically, but neither is it today in many developing countries. Historians, sociologists and other social scientists ...
... Most macroeconomic models assume that governments always have the ability to raise the desired or needed tax revenues and are, in general, effective. This was clearly not the case historically, but neither is it today in many developing countries. Historians, sociologists and other social scientists ...
European Public Finances and the Great Recession: France
... Unit labour costs also fell in Ireland and (to a lesser extent) in Spain, although in these cases this decline in labour costs reflected a prolonged period of low (and even negative) nominal wage growth. In both these countries, public sector wage moderation was a significant contributing factor: th ...
... Unit labour costs also fell in Ireland and (to a lesser extent) in Spain, although in these cases this decline in labour costs reflected a prolonged period of low (and even negative) nominal wage growth. In both these countries, public sector wage moderation was a significant contributing factor: th ...