Official PDF , 52 pages
... This paper employs a cross-country study to estimate tax capacity from a sample of 110 developing and developed countries during 1994-2009 and the two sub-periods of 1994-2001 and 2002-09. In this study, we extend the empirical methodology applied by Tanzi and Davoodi (1997), and Bird, Vazquez, and ...
... This paper employs a cross-country study to estimate tax capacity from a sample of 110 developing and developed countries during 1994-2009 and the two sub-periods of 1994-2001 and 2002-09. In this study, we extend the empirical methodology applied by Tanzi and Davoodi (1997), and Bird, Vazquez, and ...
NUMERICAL FISCAL RULES FOR FISCAL DISCIPLINE Mihaela
... There are important elements to take into account in the design of NFR in order to enhance their influence on fiscal policy. The influence of fiscal rules on fiscal outcomes can be seen under two angles i.e. budgetary discipline and macroeconomic stabilization, as a consequence, an appropriate balan ...
... There are important elements to take into account in the design of NFR in order to enhance their influence on fiscal policy. The influence of fiscal rules on fiscal outcomes can be seen under two angles i.e. budgetary discipline and macroeconomic stabilization, as a consequence, an appropriate balan ...
S2013106_en.pdf
... extended to intermediate and end services. Initially, VAT had been applied almost exclusively to physical goods and some end services; since the 1980s, the overall rate has increased in almost all the countries of the region. However, it varies significantly from one group of countries to another an ...
... extended to intermediate and end services. Initially, VAT had been applied almost exclusively to physical goods and some end services; since the 1980s, the overall rate has increased in almost all the countries of the region. However, it varies significantly from one group of countries to another an ...
Non-Keynesian Fiscal Policy effects
... Policy were developed by David Ricardo and John Maynard Keynes. On the one hand, David Ricardo's Theory, known as Ricardian Equivalence, debates Fiscal Policy will never affect the economy along with private consumption since Government expenditures are considered to be constant over time. So, any i ...
... Policy were developed by David Ricardo and John Maynard Keynes. On the one hand, David Ricardo's Theory, known as Ricardian Equivalence, debates Fiscal Policy will never affect the economy along with private consumption since Government expenditures are considered to be constant over time. So, any i ...
Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth in Bulgaria
... The strand of literature researching the effect of fiscal policy on the economy has gained momentum after the 2007/2008 global financial turmoil. While initially the main question for the policy makers was about the size and appropriate mix of fiscal stimuli to counteract the severe economic downtur ...
... The strand of literature researching the effect of fiscal policy on the economy has gained momentum after the 2007/2008 global financial turmoil. While initially the main question for the policy makers was about the size and appropriate mix of fiscal stimuli to counteract the severe economic downtur ...
Cyclically Adjusted Fiscal Balance – OECD and ESCB Methods
... tax based on the proportionality assumption of corporate income and output. The proportionality assumption implies that the tax elasticity is equal to the elasticity of the tax base (corporate income, i.e. profits) with respect to output. If output rises, employment changes in the same direction an ...
... tax based on the proportionality assumption of corporate income and output. The proportionality assumption implies that the tax elasticity is equal to the elasticity of the tax base (corporate income, i.e. profits) with respect to output. If output rises, employment changes in the same direction an ...
No.334 / August 2010 IIIS Discussion Paper No. 334
... naturally generated much questioning about the conduct of economic policies during the pre-crisis period (and, indeed, the quality of the economic research that is supposed to provide a basis for policymaking). The response to the crisis has involved aggressive orthodox and non-orthodox monetary pol ...
... naturally generated much questioning about the conduct of economic policies during the pre-crisis period (and, indeed, the quality of the economic research that is supposed to provide a basis for policymaking). The response to the crisis has involved aggressive orthodox and non-orthodox monetary pol ...
Rwanda - Domestic Resource Mobilization for Poverty Reduction in
... entails capturing small and micro enterprises that are largely in the informal sector, and getting them to pay taxes. This can be associated with high administrative costs in the short term; ...
... entails capturing small and micro enterprises that are largely in the informal sector, and getting them to pay taxes. This can be associated with high administrative costs in the short term; ...
222 Fiscal Policy: the purposeful movements in government
... time for Congress to agree on a course of action with the President. The third, the operational lag results because it takes quite a while for the full impact of a government program or tax change to have its effect on the economy. The recognition lag results from the fact that Gross Domestic Produc ...
... time for Congress to agree on a course of action with the President. The third, the operational lag results because it takes quite a while for the full impact of a government program or tax change to have its effect on the economy. The recognition lag results from the fact that Gross Domestic Produc ...
PDF - Research Center SAFE
... have been associated on average with mild and short-lived recessions, in many cases with no recession at all. Instead, tax-based adjustments have been followed by prolonged and deep recessions. It is worth emphasizing that these are averages, estimated over several plans: an average of small or zero ...
... have been associated on average with mild and short-lived recessions, in many cases with no recession at all. Instead, tax-based adjustments have been followed by prolonged and deep recessions. It is worth emphasizing that these are averages, estimated over several plans: an average of small or zero ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MONETARY-FISCAL POLICY INTERACTIONS BEYOND
... changes on the economy. Microeconomic public finance economists should care about the fiscal theory because it identifies a new channel by which fiscal policies can affect economic activity. This channel is typically absent from both micro and macro models of taxation. Whether the channel shows up en ...
... changes on the economy. Microeconomic public finance economists should care about the fiscal theory because it identifies a new channel by which fiscal policies can affect economic activity. This channel is typically absent from both micro and macro models of taxation. Whether the channel shows up en ...
Spending Entitlements and Tax Entitlements
... Some would make the point that tax benefits do not accrue to older households today largely because many older households do not pay income taxes or do not itemize, and that many older households enjoyed these benefits in the past. However, precisely the same argument applies to Social Security and ...
... Some would make the point that tax benefits do not accrue to older households today largely because many older households do not pay income taxes or do not itemize, and that many older households enjoyed these benefits in the past. However, precisely the same argument applies to Social Security and ...
Automatic Fiscal Stabilisers
... Furthermore, automatic stabilisers “insure” individuals against the impact of potential job loss. Cohen and Follette (1999) argue that the government is better placed to provide this insurance to individual taxpayers as it can diversify across all taxpayers. Automatic stabilisers also help liquidity ...
... Furthermore, automatic stabilisers “insure” individuals against the impact of potential job loss. Cohen and Follette (1999) argue that the government is better placed to provide this insurance to individual taxpayers as it can diversify across all taxpayers. Automatic stabilisers also help liquidity ...
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... between the regional GDP per capita and change in public debt appears at first sight positive, i.e. suggesting that richer regions tend to have experienced a higher increase in public borrowing during this period. On the contrary, in the German case the opposite seems to hold. It is of course very p ...
... between the regional GDP per capita and change in public debt appears at first sight positive, i.e. suggesting that richer regions tend to have experienced a higher increase in public borrowing during this period. On the contrary, in the German case the opposite seems to hold. It is of course very p ...
The Benefits and “How-To” of Multiple Year Budgeting
... remainder of year, by control objective – Operating results shared with department directors, corrections addressed quarterly, including budget amendments – This allows for advance notice of potential problem areas with enough time for the administration and policy board to make adjustments ...
... remainder of year, by control objective – Operating results shared with department directors, corrections addressed quarterly, including budget amendments – This allows for advance notice of potential problem areas with enough time for the administration and policy board to make adjustments ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research
... ues-land as well as structures-as a significant source of revenue, a characteristic shared with Singapore. There are three main taxes: the land value tax (LVT), the land value increment tax (LVIT), and the house tax. Without going into the details of the individual tax structures, suffice it to say ...
... ues-land as well as structures-as a significant source of revenue, a characteristic shared with Singapore. There are three main taxes: the land value tax (LVT), the land value increment tax (LVIT), and the house tax. Without going into the details of the individual tax structures, suffice it to say ...
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... government tax revenue. This latter concern becomes even more important for revenue strained developing economies. Achieving these two goals, countries are able to attain a so-called “double-dividend”. That is, a tax system which improves welfare and does not reduce tax revenues. By now, a sizeable ...
... government tax revenue. This latter concern becomes even more important for revenue strained developing economies. Achieving these two goals, countries are able to attain a so-called “double-dividend”. That is, a tax system which improves welfare and does not reduce tax revenues. By now, a sizeable ...
Generating Larger Tax Revenue in South Asia
... countries have been less successful in broadening their tax base; improving compliance; simplifying and strengthening tax administration; initiating wider governance and regulatory reforms; and modernizing their economies that could help increase the tax coverage. Weak tax administration is consider ...
... countries have been less successful in broadening their tax base; improving compliance; simplifying and strengthening tax administration; initiating wider governance and regulatory reforms; and modernizing their economies that could help increase the tax coverage. Weak tax administration is consider ...
The Effects of Fiscal Policy on Consumption in Good and Bad Times
... below the potential one, and pervasiveness of under-utilized resources plague the economy. Similar definitions of recessions have been used in Tagkalakis (2008), ? and Baum, Poplawski-Ribeiro, and Weber (2012). For that purpose, for each individual country in my dataset I use output gaps calculated ...
... below the potential one, and pervasiveness of under-utilized resources plague the economy. Similar definitions of recessions have been used in Tagkalakis (2008), ? and Baum, Poplawski-Ribeiro, and Weber (2012). For that purpose, for each individual country in my dataset I use output gaps calculated ...
Complaints against Norway relating to the reporting obligations
... country of residence, according to Norwegian tax legislation, depends on the length of his or her stay in Norway (see $ 2-l Sections 2-84 of the Tax Act). If the contractor is a legal person, the country of residence, according to Norwegian tax legislation and case law, will be determined on the bas ...
... country of residence, according to Norwegian tax legislation, depends on the length of his or her stay in Norway (see $ 2-l Sections 2-84 of the Tax Act). If the contractor is a legal person, the country of residence, according to Norwegian tax legislation and case law, will be determined on the bas ...
Corporate Tax Evasion with Agency Costs
... information regarding the extent of legally permissible reductions in taxable income, and may also inflate the size of the firm’s tax shield through illegal evasion. The incentives of the CFO to engage in tax evasion are affected by the nature of her compensation arrangement. Using a costly state f ...
... information regarding the extent of legally permissible reductions in taxable income, and may also inflate the size of the firm’s tax shield through illegal evasion. The incentives of the CFO to engage in tax evasion are affected by the nature of her compensation arrangement. Using a costly state f ...
The Effect of Sales Tax Rates on Food Exemptions
... actual count of people receiving food stamps in each state. Model (3) uses food stamp benefits per capita as a measure for poverty instead of using the poverty rate. The coefficient on this variable is also negative, but not significantly different from zero. Model (4) includes both measures of poverty ...
... actual count of people receiving food stamps in each state. Model (3) uses food stamp benefits per capita as a measure for poverty instead of using the poverty rate. The coefficient on this variable is also negative, but not significantly different from zero. Model (4) includes both measures of poverty ...
Procyclical Government Spending in Developing Countries: The
... procyclical. More importantly, from a quantitative point of view, the correlations between government consumption and output coming out of the model are in a range which is fully consistent with the observed figures. We view the incomplete markets case as capturing the environment faced by developin ...
... procyclical. More importantly, from a quantitative point of view, the correlations between government consumption and output coming out of the model are in a range which is fully consistent with the observed figures. We view the incomplete markets case as capturing the environment faced by developin ...
Substitution and income effects at the aggregate level
... Traditional microeconomic theory describes the individual demand response to a price change as composed by the income and substitution effects. These two effects have become so fundamental to basic economic analysis that they are often applied without regard to whether an economic decision is made b ...
... Traditional microeconomic theory describes the individual demand response to a price change as composed by the income and substitution effects. These two effects have become so fundamental to basic economic analysis that they are often applied without regard to whether an economic decision is made b ...
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... taken up recently by two publications. First, Withagen and Halsema (2013) find inefficiently strict environmental policy. They assume that capital and demand for environmental quality are complements. Therefore, the raceto-the-bottom in capital taxes translates – via the thusly stimulated higher ca ...
... taken up recently by two publications. First, Withagen and Halsema (2013) find inefficiently strict environmental policy. They assume that capital and demand for environmental quality are complements. Therefore, the raceto-the-bottom in capital taxes translates – via the thusly stimulated higher ca ...