Can we rely upon fiscal policy estimates in countries with unreported
... spending shocks have, in general, a positive effect on GDP, which becomes increasingly relevant in the model with regular GDP (after one year the multiplier is 0.8 in the private GDP model and 3.7 in the regular). Tax rate shocks strongly reduce regular GDP and the effective tax rate displays a sign ...
... spending shocks have, in general, a positive effect on GDP, which becomes increasingly relevant in the model with regular GDP (after one year the multiplier is 0.8 in the private GDP model and 3.7 in the regular). Tax rate shocks strongly reduce regular GDP and the effective tax rate displays a sign ...
WP84.2
... in several countries by the Crisis States Research Centre.1 The countries considered in the research are Zambia, Rwanda, Mozambique, Uganda, Tanzania, Democratic Republic of Congo, Afghanistan, the Philippines and Colombia. The paper has five main aims. First, it will identify how patterns of taxati ...
... in several countries by the Crisis States Research Centre.1 The countries considered in the research are Zambia, Rwanda, Mozambique, Uganda, Tanzania, Democratic Republic of Congo, Afghanistan, the Philippines and Colombia. The paper has five main aims. First, it will identify how patterns of taxati ...
Designing an Optimal Personal Income Tax Rate Structure: Goals
... on a wide range of desirable government activities. Most economists favour social consensus theories, such as the one developed by Burk and explicated by Samuelson, which takes fully into account the utility-maximizing self-interest of every single individual in society.3 However, there are many pro ...
... on a wide range of desirable government activities. Most economists favour social consensus theories, such as the one developed by Burk and explicated by Samuelson, which takes fully into account the utility-maximizing self-interest of every single individual in society.3 However, there are many pro ...
Fiscal Federalism - Acsu Buffalo
... and pay an efficiency price through fiscal centralism, or increase efficiency and pay an inequality price through fiscal federalism, is ultimately an ideological question (Rodden 2003, 695). The questions for empirical social scientists are whether fiscal federalism reduces overall government expen ...
... and pay an efficiency price through fiscal centralism, or increase efficiency and pay an inequality price through fiscal federalism, is ultimately an ideological question (Rodden 2003, 695). The questions for empirical social scientists are whether fiscal federalism reduces overall government expen ...
Decentralization Processes of Local Government Sector in Poland
... Describing the process of public sector decentralization is a aim of the article. Increasing the responsibility and competence of local government units is aimed at a taken of decentralization process of the sector of the public finance. Thanks to granted competence, the local authority together wit ...
... Describing the process of public sector decentralization is a aim of the article. Increasing the responsibility and competence of local government units is aimed at a taken of decentralization process of the sector of the public finance. Thanks to granted competence, the local authority together wit ...
Size, Trend, and Policy Implications of the Underground Economy Renzo Orsi
... methods and indirect methods. Direct approaches are implemented essentially at a microeconomic level, and are mainly based on surveys of households and businesses, or on data generated by the tax supervision. Indirect methods infer the size of the underground economy by comparing macroeconomic indi ...
... methods and indirect methods. Direct approaches are implemented essentially at a microeconomic level, and are mainly based on surveys of households and businesses, or on data generated by the tax supervision. Indirect methods infer the size of the underground economy by comparing macroeconomic indi ...
- Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond
... We show that, given a set of fiscal instruments, many fiscal policies can implement the same allocation. Consequently, a fiscal policy arrangement has to be evaluated as a whole rather than by considering each tax instrument in isolation. In our framework, consumption taxes and labor income taxes ar ...
... We show that, given a set of fiscal instruments, many fiscal policies can implement the same allocation. Consequently, a fiscal policy arrangement has to be evaluated as a whole rather than by considering each tax instrument in isolation. In our framework, consumption taxes and labor income taxes ar ...
Democratisation and tax structure: Greece versus Europe from a
... a sample of 12 Western European countries to investigate if the effect of democratisation on the size and the composition of taxation depends on the phase of economic development, as proxied by the prevalence of the agricultural sector. It should be noted that in contrast to Greece, these European c ...
... a sample of 12 Western European countries to investigate if the effect of democratisation on the size and the composition of taxation depends on the phase of economic development, as proxied by the prevalence of the agricultural sector. It should be noted that in contrast to Greece, these European c ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES WINNERS AND LOSERS OF TAX COMPETITION
... therefore earn zero profits in equilibrium and factor demands are given by standard marginal productivity conditions. Without loss of generality, all corporate taxes are viewed as included in the capital income tax levied on households. The Public Sector Fiscal policy in each country has three compo ...
... therefore earn zero profits in equilibrium and factor demands are given by standard marginal productivity conditions. Without loss of generality, all corporate taxes are viewed as included in the capital income tax levied on households. The Public Sector Fiscal policy in each country has three compo ...
Tax Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa: Examining the Role of Excise
... p. ix). Revenue should be adequate to finance basic services such as security and primary education, to permit the government to help finance public investment, and to obviate the need for inflationary financing. Government should also be financed in an efficient way, using a well-designed tax syste ...
... p. ix). Revenue should be adequate to finance basic services such as security and primary education, to permit the government to help finance public investment, and to obviate the need for inflationary financing. Government should also be financed in an efficient way, using a well-designed tax syste ...
Stone2eCT_CH10_Mac_Layout 1
... Discretionary spending: The part of the budget that works its way through the appropriations process of Congress each year and includes such programs as national defense, transportation, science, environment, and income security. Mandatory spending: Spending authorized by permanent laws that does no ...
... Discretionary spending: The part of the budget that works its way through the appropriations process of Congress each year and includes such programs as national defense, transportation, science, environment, and income security. Mandatory spending: Spending authorized by permanent laws that does no ...
Tax Systems in the World: An Empirical Investigation into the
... political regimes. Some empirical work has recently considered the consequences of democracy for the structure of particular taxes, such as the personal income tax. For example, Mulligan, Gil and Sala-i-Martin (2004) conclude that democracies have flatter personal income tax structures than do non-d ...
... political regimes. Some empirical work has recently considered the consequences of democracy for the structure of particular taxes, such as the personal income tax. For example, Mulligan, Gil and Sala-i-Martin (2004) conclude that democracies have flatter personal income tax structures than do non-d ...
LCcarL94_en.pdf
... furthermore, progressive tax systems implicitly foster capital flight and hence have a curtailing effect on savings relative to indirect tax systems. The choice therefore of whether taxation should principally be direct or indirect is therefore also less obvious than appears. W hilst these issues ha ...
... furthermore, progressive tax systems implicitly foster capital flight and hence have a curtailing effect on savings relative to indirect tax systems. The choice therefore of whether taxation should principally be direct or indirect is therefore also less obvious than appears. W hilst these issues ha ...
Photography and Video Production
... Furniture, lighting, computers, printers and other equipment used for administration, tracking, or any use other than production, do not qualify for the capital equipment ...
... Furniture, lighting, computers, printers and other equipment used for administration, tracking, or any use other than production, do not qualify for the capital equipment ...
CHAPTER 27: Fiscal Policy
... An Expression for Equilibrium Real GDP The letters with “bars” represent fixed or autonomous values that do not depend on the values of other variables. So, C represents autonomous consumption, which had a value of 1,000 in our original example. Now, solving for equilibrium we get: ...
... An Expression for Equilibrium Real GDP The letters with “bars” represent fixed or autonomous values that do not depend on the values of other variables. So, C represents autonomous consumption, which had a value of 1,000 in our original example. Now, solving for equilibrium we get: ...
Tax Revenue As An Automatic· Fiscal Stabiliser
... policy during economic upturns. According to the European Central Bank (2002: 36), this Induces a tendency for continuous increases in deficits and the tax burden. Furthermore, it is difficult to determine the appropriate size of the annual deficit, while fiscal adjustments and their effects are als ...
... policy during economic upturns. According to the European Central Bank (2002: 36), this Induces a tendency for continuous increases in deficits and the tax burden. Furthermore, it is difficult to determine the appropriate size of the annual deficit, while fiscal adjustments and their effects are als ...
LCmexL426_en.pdf
... substitution strategy. Pons (1995) refers to a strategy based on promoting national investment and especially of attracting foreign investment. In any case, the import substitution model is not unique to this period of time. An early application is found for the period 1938-1961 during the dictators ...
... substitution strategy. Pons (1995) refers to a strategy based on promoting national investment and especially of attracting foreign investment. In any case, the import substitution model is not unique to this period of time. An early application is found for the period 1938-1961 during the dictators ...
How do fiscal shocks affect the macroeconomic
... on fiscal policy effects has only recently received more attention. This might be due to its complexity in affecting the economy and its distributional dimension. This lack of attention contrasts with recent public debates on the role of fiscal policy, both in the euro area and worldwide, and specif ...
... on fiscal policy effects has only recently received more attention. This might be due to its complexity in affecting the economy and its distributional dimension. This lack of attention contrasts with recent public debates on the role of fiscal policy, both in the euro area and worldwide, and specif ...
Chapter 13 Introduction Learning Objectives
... In the early 2000s the Japanese government sought to cut taxes and increase spending. By early 2004 it launched plans for increasing taxes then in 2005 contemplated cutting them again. In this chapter, you will learn about policy time lags, which contributed to the Japanese government’s on-again, of ...
... In the early 2000s the Japanese government sought to cut taxes and increase spending. By early 2004 it launched plans for increasing taxes then in 2005 contemplated cutting them again. In this chapter, you will learn about policy time lags, which contributed to the Japanese government’s on-again, of ...
Chapter 13 - The Citadel
... Policy Example: A Laffer Curve in the Mid-2000s? (cont'd) • By the middle of 2006, after three years of higher real GDP growth, total federal income tax receipts from corporations and individuals had increased by nearly 40%. • Why do you suppose it is difficult to determine exactly which factors ar ...
... Policy Example: A Laffer Curve in the Mid-2000s? (cont'd) • By the middle of 2006, after three years of higher real GDP growth, total federal income tax receipts from corporations and individuals had increased by nearly 40%. • Why do you suppose it is difficult to determine exactly which factors ar ...
Jeffrey F. Timmons Professor of Political Science, ITAM Mexico, DF 01000
... OECD countries experienced an even more explosive expansion of the state during the same period, with the central government tax/GDP ratio increasing from around 24 percent to 31-32 percent. They also experienced similar shifts in the composition of revenue between the early 1970s and late 1990s, wi ...
... OECD countries experienced an even more explosive expansion of the state during the same period, with the central government tax/GDP ratio increasing from around 24 percent to 31-32 percent. They also experienced similar shifts in the composition of revenue between the early 1970s and late 1990s, wi ...
THE OPTIMAL COLLECTION OF SEIGNIORAGE Theory and
... over the post-war period. The purpose of this paper is to show that the optimal collection of seigniorage over time implies that these series should be approximately random walks. Inflation is one form of taxation. It is a tax on holding money balances. Beyond the traditional deadweight losses of a ...
... over the post-war period. The purpose of this paper is to show that the optimal collection of seigniorage over time implies that these series should be approximately random walks. Inflation is one form of taxation. It is a tax on holding money balances. Beyond the traditional deadweight losses of a ...
Tax Burden in China
... development. Nations with a higher tax burden are those with higher GDP per capita, such as the US, Japan and Sweden. When analyzing the effect of economic development on the tax structure of developing countries, Chelliah (1989) states that, … ‘since the process of development would give rise to ne ...
... development. Nations with a higher tax burden are those with higher GDP per capita, such as the US, Japan and Sweden. When analyzing the effect of economic development on the tax structure of developing countries, Chelliah (1989) states that, … ‘since the process of development would give rise to ne ...
The Greek fiscal crisis and the role of fiscal governance
... Fiscal deficits, once small and controlled in most of such countries, have soared after the outbreak of the recent global financial crisis, as a result of both the direct fiscal costs of bank and other enterprise rescue operations and of government policies aimed at sustaining domestic demand within ...
... Fiscal deficits, once small and controlled in most of such countries, have soared after the outbreak of the recent global financial crisis, as a result of both the direct fiscal costs of bank and other enterprise rescue operations and of government policies aimed at sustaining domestic demand within ...
Taxation and Government Intervention
... The Difference Between Taxes and Price Controls • Price ceilings create shortages and taxes do not • Taxes leave people free to choose how much to supply and consume as long as they pay the tax • Shortages may also create black markets ...
... The Difference Between Taxes and Price Controls • Price ceilings create shortages and taxes do not • Taxes leave people free to choose how much to supply and consume as long as they pay the tax • Shortages may also create black markets ...