Incorporating Extremes into Climate Envelope
... 2 Gleason, K. L., J. H. Lawrimore, D. H. Levinson, T. R. Karl, and D. J. Karoly. 2008. A revised US Climate Extremes Index. Journal of Climate 21 (10):2124–2137. 3 PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University. Accessed 2011. 2.5-arcmin (4 km) Monthly climate data. http://prism.oregonstate.edu. 4 Kna ...
... 2 Gleason, K. L., J. H. Lawrimore, D. H. Levinson, T. R. Karl, and D. J. Karoly. 2008. A revised US Climate Extremes Index. Journal of Climate 21 (10):2124–2137. 3 PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University. Accessed 2011. 2.5-arcmin (4 km) Monthly climate data. http://prism.oregonstate.edu. 4 Kna ...
PROYECTO FONDECYT N° 1020578
... influence of eitheir gravity or a centrifugal body force are widely used in the medicine, biotechnology, in wastewater treatment and in mineral processing. The settling tests that can be performed with such equipment lead to concentration profiles under controlled experimental conditions. Practition ...
... influence of eitheir gravity or a centrifugal body force are widely used in the medicine, biotechnology, in wastewater treatment and in mineral processing. The settling tests that can be performed with such equipment lead to concentration profiles under controlled experimental conditions. Practition ...
Europass Curriculum Vitae - ISAC
... Analysis of GNSS data with emphasis on tropospheric parameters. Research on the benefits that these data can give to operative meteorology University of Genoa, via Balbi, 5 – 16126 Genoa Italy Geodesy applied to Meteorology From 22nd August 2011 to 30th April 2013 Collaborator Quality and homogeneit ...
... Analysis of GNSS data with emphasis on tropospheric parameters. Research on the benefits that these data can give to operative meteorology University of Genoa, via Balbi, 5 – 16126 Genoa Italy Geodesy applied to Meteorology From 22nd August 2011 to 30th April 2013 Collaborator Quality and homogeneit ...
Title: Influence of tropical volcanic eruptions on regional precipitation
... generally damped compared to the observations. This is of minor concern in the current study as summers after volcanic eruptions are compared to the same years in simulations without volcanic eruption (ALL-NOVOLC) and to adjacent years (ALL-REF). In the latter case, damped variability before 1850 le ...
... generally damped compared to the observations. This is of minor concern in the current study as summers after volcanic eruptions are compared to the same years in simulations without volcanic eruption (ALL-NOVOLC) and to adjacent years (ALL-REF). In the latter case, damped variability before 1850 le ...
April 11, 2016
... a heat wave dangerously long. Keith: Longer, hotter stretches — deeper freezes — more rain- and snowfall totals. Scientists say the hotter the globe gets, the more extreme the weather. With climate change, do we expect to see an increase in extreme weather across the country and across the world? Ar ...
... a heat wave dangerously long. Keith: Longer, hotter stretches — deeper freezes — more rain- and snowfall totals. Scientists say the hotter the globe gets, the more extreme the weather. With climate change, do we expect to see an increase in extreme weather across the country and across the world? Ar ...
Long-range dependence in the North Atlantic Oscillation
... Stephenson, D.B. (2008): Chapter 1: Definition, diagnosis, and origin of extreme weather and climate events, In Climate Extremes and Society , Cambridge University Press, pp 348 pp. Definitions of what we mean by extreme, rare, severe and high-impact events Ferro, C.A.T., D.B. Stephenson, and A. Han ...
... Stephenson, D.B. (2008): Chapter 1: Definition, diagnosis, and origin of extreme weather and climate events, In Climate Extremes and Society , Cambridge University Press, pp 348 pp. Definitions of what we mean by extreme, rare, severe and high-impact events Ferro, C.A.T., D.B. Stephenson, and A. Han ...
Climate Data vs. Climate Models
... has warmed more than the Southern, and the high-latitude land regions of the Northern Hemisphere have warmed the most. That is consistent with climate physics, which predicts that dry air must warm more than moist air if carbon dioxide is increased. (Antarctica is an exception to this because of its ...
... has warmed more than the Southern, and the high-latitude land regions of the Northern Hemisphere have warmed the most. That is consistent with climate physics, which predicts that dry air must warm more than moist air if carbon dioxide is increased. (Antarctica is an exception to this because of its ...
as powerpoint presentation - UGAMP
... •Development of a large scale crop model that can be combined with GCMs to produce long term forecasts of yields that can be used for planning (HAPPY) ...
... •Development of a large scale crop model that can be combined with GCMs to produce long term forecasts of yields that can be used for planning (HAPPY) ...
Greenhouse Warming Research
... So why is it that climatologists dare predict temperatures a century into the future? The reason is that the seasonal forcing of incoming solar radiation brings the weather back on track, on an annual basis. All kinds of anomalities may happen from day to day, chiefly caused by small-scale events ha ...
... So why is it that climatologists dare predict temperatures a century into the future? The reason is that the seasonal forcing of incoming solar radiation brings the weather back on track, on an annual basis. All kinds of anomalities may happen from day to day, chiefly caused by small-scale events ha ...
Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S)
... The Service will deliver the following operational services: Daily production of near-real-time analyses and forecasts of global atmospheric ...
... The Service will deliver the following operational services: Daily production of near-real-time analyses and forecasts of global atmospheric ...
Full-Text PDF
... active ozone depleting substances (ODSs: CFCs, halogenated CFCs (HCFCs), and halons). Natural forcing such as changes in solar activity and volcanic eruptions are also taken into account by prescribed boundary conditions. 2.1.3. Atmospheric Chemistry Transport Model (ACTM) In these models, simulatio ...
... active ozone depleting substances (ODSs: CFCs, halogenated CFCs (HCFCs), and halons). Natural forcing such as changes in solar activity and volcanic eruptions are also taken into account by prescribed boundary conditions. 2.1.3. Atmospheric Chemistry Transport Model (ACTM) In these models, simulatio ...
General equilibrium models and uncertainty in
... • The Australian emissions pricing system: • the Clean Energy Programme under the Prime Ministership of Julia Gillard in 2011 including a carbon tax period from 1 July 2012 to 30 July 2015 following by an emissions trading scheme. • under the Prime Ministership of Kevin Rudd: the tax period would fi ...
... • The Australian emissions pricing system: • the Clean Energy Programme under the Prime Ministership of Julia Gillard in 2011 including a carbon tax period from 1 July 2012 to 30 July 2015 following by an emissions trading scheme. • under the Prime Ministership of Kevin Rudd: the tax period would fi ...
PPT
... • C is the atmospheric variable perturbed by emission E • I is the impact function of interest (T, sea level, precip, GNP, health…) • W(t) is the temporal weighting factor W(t) = 1 for t < tH , = 0 for t > tH (as for GWP) W(t) = (t – tH) Dirac function (as for GTP) W(t) = exp[-t/tH] exponent ...
... • C is the atmospheric variable perturbed by emission E • I is the impact function of interest (T, sea level, precip, GNP, health…) • W(t) is the temporal weighting factor W(t) = 1 for t < tH , = 0 for t > tH (as for GWP) W(t) = (t – tH) Dirac function (as for GTP) W(t) = exp[-t/tH] exponent ...
Numerical weather prediction
Numerical weather prediction uses mathematical models of the atmosphere and oceans to predict the weather based on current weather conditions. Though first attempted in the 1920s, it was not until the advent of computer simulation in the 1950s that numerical weather predictions produced realistic results. A number of global and regional forecast models are run in different countries worldwide, using current weather observations relayed from radiosondes, weather satellites and other observing systems as inputs.Mathematical models based on the same physical principles can be used to generate either short-term weather forecasts or longer-term climate predictions; the latter are widely applied for understanding and projecting climate change. The improvements made to regional models have allowed for significant improvements in tropical cyclone track and air quality forecasts; however, atmospheric models perform poorly at handling processes that occur in a relatively constricted area, such as wildfires.Manipulating the vast datasets and performing the complex calculations necessary to modern numerical weather prediction requires some of the most powerful supercomputers in the world. Even with the increasing power of supercomputers, the forecast skill of numerical weather models extends to about only six days. Factors affecting the accuracy of numerical predictions include the density and quality of observations used as input to the forecasts, along with deficiencies in the numerical models themselves. Post-processing techniques such as model output statistics (MOS) have been developed to improve the handling of errors in numerical predictions.A more fundamental problem lies in the chaotic nature of the partial differential equations that govern the atmosphere. It is impossible to solve these equations exactly, and small errors grow with time (doubling about every five days). Present understanding is that this chaotic behavior limits accurate forecasts to about 14 days even with perfectly accurate input data and a flawless model. In addition, the partial differential equations used in the model need to be supplemented with parameterizations for solar radiation, moist processes (clouds and precipitation), heat exchange, soil, vegetation, surface water, and the effects of terrain. In an effort to quantify the large amount of inherent uncertainty remaining in numerical predictions, ensemble forecasts have been used since the 1990s to help gauge the confidence in the forecast, and to obtain useful results farther into the future than otherwise possible. This approach analyzes multiple forecasts created with an individual forecast model or multiple models.